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Multilevel Converters

Edited by Salman Ahmad, Farhad Ilahi Bakhsh, and P. Sanjeevikumar
Copyright: 2024   |   Status: Published
ISBN: 9781394166329  |  Hardcover  |  

Price: $388 USD
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One Line Description
Discover the deep insights into the operation, modulation, and control strategies of multilevel converters, alongside their recent applications in variable speed drives, renewable energy generation, and power systems.

Audience
Senior undergraduate and graduate students, industry professionals, researchers, and academics in the fields of power, renewables, and electric vehicles

Description
Multilevel converters have gained attention in recent years for medium/high voltage and high power industrial and residential applications. The main advantages of multilevel converters over two level converters include less voltage stress on power semiconductors, low dv/dt, low common voltage, reduced electromagnetic interference, and low total harmonics distortion, among others. Better output power quality is ensured by increasing the number of levels in the synthesized output voltage waveform. Several multilevel topologies have been reported in the literature, such as neutral point clamped (NPC), flying capacitor (FC), cascaded H-bridge (CHB), hybrid cascaded H-bridge, asymmetrical cascaded H-bridge, modular multilevel converters (MMC), active neutral point clamped converters (ANPC), and packed U-cell type converters and various reduced device counts and a reduced number of source-based topologies have been proposed in literature.

The multilevel converter, although a proven and enabling technology, still presents numerous challenges in topologies, modulation, and control, as well as in need-based applications. Since multilevel converters offer a wide range of possibilities, research and development in the areas of multilevel converter topologies, modulation, and control in various applications are still growing. To further improve multilevel converter energy efficiency, reliability, power density, and cost, many research groups across the world are working to broaden the application areas of multilevel converters and make them more attractive and competitive compared to classic topologies.
Recent Advances and Industrial Applications of Multilevel Converters intends to provide deep insight about multilevel converter operation, modulation, and control strategies and various recent applications of multilevel converters such as in variable speed drives, renewable energy generation, and power systems.

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Author / Editor Details
Salman Ahmad, PhD is an assistant professor in the Department of Electrical Engineering, Islamic University of Science and Technology, India. He worked as a Lecturer with Debre Berhan University and Arba Minch University in Ethiopia from 2012 to 2015 and is an associate member of the Institutions of Engineers and the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers. Additionally, he has published more than 20 technical papers in different journals and conference proceedings, contributed four chapters in edited books, and received four research grants from various government agencies.

Farhad Ilahi Bakhsh, PhD is an assistant professor in the Department of Electrical Engineering, National Institute of Technology Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, India. He has developed five new systems, four of which have been officially published by patent offices, and has more than 50 published papers in reputed national and international journals and conferences. During his PhD, he developed a new method for grid integration for wind energy generation systems which has been recognized worldwide.

Sanjeevikumar Padmanaban, PhD has been a faculty member in the Department of Energy Technology, Aalborg University, Esbjerg, Denmark since 2018. He has authored over 300 scientific papers. Additionally, he is a fellow of the Institution of Engineers, India, the Institution of Electronics and Telecommunication Engineers, India, and the Institution of Engineering and Technology, U.K.

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Table of Contents
List of Contributors
Preface
1. Analysis of Dual Two-Level Converters for Multilevel Performance
Shailesh Kumar Gupta and Omveer Singh
1.1 Introduction
1.2 Pros and Cons of Multilevel Converters
1.3 Applications of Multilevel Converters
1.4 Advantages of Dual Two-Level Converters
1.5 Problem Identification
1.6 Applications of Dual Two-Level Converters
1.7 Multilevel Performance of Dual 2-L 3-Phase Inverter Using ANN-Based PWM
1.7.1 Artificial Neural Network-Based PWM Approach
1.7.2 Simulation Results
1.8 Conclusion
References
2. Multilevel Inverters: Classification, Approaches, and Its Application in Photovoltaic System
Akhlaque Ahmad Khan, Ahmad Faiz Minai, Qamar Alam and Farhad Ilahi Bakhsh
2.1 Introduction
2.2 Multilevel Inverters (MLIs)
2.2.1 Diode-Clamped/Neutral Point-Clamped Multilevel Inverter (DCMLI/NPCMLI)
2.2.2 Flying Capacitor/Capacitor-Clamped Multilevel Inverter (FC/CCMLI)
2.2.3 Cascaded H-Bridge Multilevel Inverter (CHBMLI)
2.2.4 Evolution of MLIs
2.3 Topologies for Multilevel Inverters With Reduced Switches
2.3.1 Symmetrical H-Bridge MLI
2.3.2 Asymmetrical H-Bridge MLI
2.3.3 Reduced Switch-Modified MLI
2.4 MATLAB/Simulink MLI Configurations
2.4.1 Simulation of a NPC Five-Level SPWM Inverter and Its Output Waveform
2.4.2 Simulation of a FC Five-Level SPWM Inverter and Its Output Waveform
2.4.3 Simulation of a CHB Five-Level SPWM Inverter and Its Output Waveform
2.4.4 Evolution of THD for Numerous Inverters
2.5 Applications of MLIs in SPV Systems
2.5.1 MLIs for On-Grid PV Systems
2.5.2 Common-Mode and Leakage Current Reduction of Transformerless MLI for SPV Systems
2.6 Conclusion
References
3. Multilevel Inverter Topologies, Modulation, and Applications in Motor Drives
Zahoor Ahmad Ganie, Abdul Hamid Bhat and Salman Ahmad
3.1 Introduction
3.2 Conventional Multilevel Inverter Topologies
3.2.1 Neutral Point-Clamped (NPC) Inverter Topology
3.2.2 Flying Capacitor (FC) MLI Topology
3.2.3 Cascaded H-Bridge (CHB) MLI Topology
3.2.4 Active Neutral Point-Clamped (ANPC) MLI Topology
3.3 New Advent MLI Topologies
3.3.1 Modular Multilevel Inverter (MMI) Topology
3.3.2 Packed U-Cell (PUC) MLI Topology
3.3.3 T-Type MLI
3.3.4 Multilevel DC Link Inverter (MLDCL)
3.3.5 Switched Series/Parallel Sources (SSPS)-Based MLI
3.3.6 Series-Connected Switched Sources (SCSS)-Based MLI
3.3.7 Reversing Voltage (RV) Topology
3.3.8 E-Type Topology
3.4 Pulse Width Modulation Techniques
3.4.1 Carrier-Based PWM
3.4.1.1 Phase-Shifted PWM
3.4.1.2 Level-Shifted PWM
3.4.2 Space Vector PWM
3.5 Selective Harmonic Elimination Technique
3.6 Results and Discussion
3.7 Conclusion
References
4. Multilevel Inverter Operation With Reduced Capacitor Inrush Currents for Solar Photo-Voltaic Applications
Mohammad Ali and Muhammad Khalid
4.1 Introduction
4.2 Operation of 11-Level T-Type MLIs
4.2.1 The S3CM Topology
4.2.2 CSCMLI Topology
4.2.3 The UXE Topology
4.2.4 The C3-SCMLI Topology
4.2.4.1 0.25Vdc
4.2.4.2 0.5Vdc
4.2.4.3 0.75Vdc
4.2.4.4 Vdc
4.2.4.5 1.25Vdc
4.3 Voltage Balance Algorithm of the Switched Capacitors
4.3.1 Modulation Strategy
4.3.2 Voltage Balancing Algorithm
4.4 Structural and Cost Comparison
4.5 Components Analysis Under Steady State
4.5.1 Analysis of the Circuit
4.6 HIL Results
4.7 Experimental Validation
4.8 Conclusion
References
5. Single Inverter Switched SVPWM Scheme for Four-Level Open-End Winding Induction Motor Drive
Suresh Lakhimsetty, Hareesh Myneni and Obbu Chandra Sekhar
5.1 Introduction
5.2 Proposed Biasing SVPWM Scheme
5.3 Experimental and Simulation Results
5.4 Conclusion
References
6. Field-Oriented Control (FOC) of Motor Drives With Multilevel Converter
Arif Iqbal and S. P. Singh
6.1 Introduction
6.2 Mathematical Modeling
6.2.1 Induction Motor
6.2.2 Indirect Field-Oriented Control
6.3 Simulation Results
6.4 Conclusions
References
7. A Review on Self-Balanced Switched‑Capacitor Multilevel Converter
Dhananjay Kumar, Kasinath Jena, Jitendra Kumar Tandekar, Niraj Kumar Dewangan and Vishal Rathore
7.1 Introduction
7.2 Literature Review
7.3 Description of Five-Level SCMLI
7.3.1 Operational Analysis
7.3.2 Self-Balancing Mechanisms of Capacitor and Capacitance Calculation
7.4 Results
7.4.1 Simulation Results
7.4.2 Findings From the Experiments
7.5 Conclusion
References
8. 13 Level Switched-Capacitor Multilevel Converter with High Gain for Grid Connected Solar Photovoltaic Applications
Hasan Iqbal, Mohammad Tayyab, Haroon Rehman, Adil Sarwar and Md Reyaz Hussan
Nomenclature
8.1 Introduction
8.2 Switched-Capacitor Multilevel Inverters
8.3 Switched Capacitor MLI Operation
8.3.1 Modulation Scheme
8.3.2 Comparative Assessment
8.4 Grid-Connected Operation of SCMLIs
8.5 Results and Discussion
8.5.1 Simulation Results
8.5.2 Real-Time Results
8.6 Summary
References
9. Multilevel Inverter for Renewable Energy Source-Based Grid Integration
Akhlaque Ahmad Khan, Ahmad Faiz Minai, Mohammed Aslam Husain and Mohammad Naseem
9.1 Introduction
9.2 Multilevel Inverters (MLI)
9.2.1 Cascaded H-Bridges MLI (CHBMLI)
9.2.2 Flying Capacitor MLI (FCMLI)
9.2.3 Diode-Clamped MLI (DC-MLI/NPC-MLI)
9.2.4 Evaluation of the DC-MLI, FC-MLI, and CHB-MLI Configuration
9.3 Solar Photovoltaic Systems (SPVs)
9.4 Applications of MLIs in RES
9.4.1 MLIs in Solar Power Systems
9.4.2 MLIs for On-Grid SPV Systems
9.5 Challenges and Future Work
9.6 Conclusion
References
10. Modeling and Analysis of Bidirectional Electric-Drive-Reconstructed On-Board Converter for Plug-In Electric Vehicles
Faizan Fayaz Bhat, Zahid Ahmad Tantry, Md Ibrahim and Farhad Ilahi Bakhsh
10.1 Introduction
10.2 Proposed Electric-Drive-Reconstructed Converter Topology
10.2.1 Circuit Diagram
10.2.2 Charging Mode
10.2.2.1 States I–IV
10.2.2.2 States V–VIII
10.2.3 Driving Modes
10.3 Operation of a Proposed System in Charging Mode
10.3.1 Open Loop Simulation in Charging Mode
10.3.2 Closed Loop Simulation in Charging Mode
10.4 Operation of a Proposed System in Driving Mode
10.5 Conclusions
References
11. Packed U-Cell Multilevel Inverter and Applications in Solar Photovoltaic System
Salman Ahmad, Tajamal Hayat Parray and Farhad Ilahi Bakhsh
11.1 Introduction
11.1.1 Inverter
11.1.1.1 Evolution of Multilevel Inverter (MLI) Configurations
11.1.1.2 Two-Level Inverter
11.1.1.3 Need for Higher Level for Producing Output Voltage
11.1.2 Multilevel Inverters
11.1.3 Cascaded H-Bridge
11.1.4 Flying Capacitor Multilevel Inverter
11.1.4.1 Advantages
11.1.4.2 Disadvantages
11.2 Packed U-Cell Inverter
11.3 Comparison of MLI Topologies
11.3.1 Operation of Packed U-Cell Inverter
11.3.2 State 1
11.3.3 State 2
11.3.4 State 3
11.3.5 State 4
11.3.6 State 5
11.3.7 State 6
11.3.8 State 7
11.3.9 State 8
11.4 Output Equation
11.4.1 Switching Techniques Used in PUC5
11.4.1.1 Pulse Width Modulation
11.5 Simulation Model
11.6 Hardware Development and Results
11.7 Conclusion
References
12. Unified Power Quality Conditioner (UPQC) Based on Multilevel Configurations
Javeed Bashir, Salman Ahmad and Ahmed Sharique Anees
12.1 Introduction
12.2 Basic Principle of Operation
12.3 Traditional Control Strategies
12.4 UPQC’s P and Q Independent Control
12.5 Multilevel Converter-Based UPQC
12.6 Conclusion
References
13. Efficiency Evaluation and Harmonic Investigation of a High‑Efficiency FrSPWM‑Controlled Infinite-Level Inverter
Aishwarya V.
Nomenclature
13.1 Introduction
13.2 Three-Phase Infinite-Level Inverter (TILI)
13.2.1 Mathematical Modeling of TILI
13.2.2 Hardware Setup
13.3 Power Loss Evaluation and Efficiency Assessment of TILI
13.4 Simulation Results
13.5 Hardware Development and Results
13.5.1 Experimental Setup
13.5.2 FPGA-Based PWM Signal Generation
13.5.3 Experimental Outcomes and Verification
13.6 Results and Inference
13.7 Conclusion
References
14. Modeling and Analysis of Direct Torque Control Space-Vector Modulation of DFIG
Vishal Rathore and Dhananjay Kumar
14.1 Introduction
14.2 Modeling of DFIG
14.2.1 DFIG Analysis in Steady State
14.2.2 DFIG α–β Reference Frame Dynamic Modeling
14.2.3 DFIG q–d Reference Frame Dynamic Modeling
14.3 DTC Using SVPWM
14.4 Results and Analysis
14.5 Conclusion
References
15. Observer-Based Sliding Mode Control of Static Var Compensator: A Voltage Control Application in a Hybrid Power System
Zahid Afzal Thoker, and Shameem Ahmad Lone
15.1 Introduction
15.2 Mathematical Modeling of the System
15.2.1 Modeling of Synchronous Generator and Excitation System
15.2.2 Modeling of Induction Generator
15.2.3 Modeling of Static Var Compensator
15.3 Sliding Mode Control Strategy for SVC
15.3.1 Sliding Mode Observer Design
15.3.2 Sliding Mode Controller Design
15.3.2.1 Sliding Surface Design
15.3.2.2 SM Control Law Design
15.4 Simulation Results
15.4.1 Case I: Step Disturbance in Load
15.4.2 Case II: Operation Under Varying Wind Power
15.5 Conclusion
References
16. A Review of Modular Multilevel Converters and Its Applications
Dhananjay Kumar, Kasinath Jena, Jitendra Kumar Tandekar, Niraj Kumar Dewangan and Vishal Rathore
16.1 Introduction
16.1.1 Types of Faults in MMC
16.1.1.1 Switch Open Circuit Faults
16.1.1.2 Switch Short Circuit Fault
16.1.1.3 DC Bus Short Circuit Fault
16.1.1.4 Single Line to Ground (SLG) Faults
16.2 Literature Review
16.2.1 Adaptive Reference Voltage Method
16.2.2 Capacitor Voltage Increasing Method
16.2.3 Zero-Sequence Voltage Injection Method
16.2.4 Modulation-Based Methods
16.2.5 Over Modulation Methods
16.2.6 Redundancy-Based Methods
16.2.7 Hot Reserve Mode
16.2.8 Cold Reserve Mode
16.2.9 Novel Topology Methods
16.3 Mathematical Modeling
16.4 Simulation Results
16.4.1 1-Φ 5L -MMC With PS-PWM
16.4.2 1-Φ5L-MMC With POD-PWM
16.4.3 5L-MMC With APOD-PWM
16.4.4 1-Φ 5L-MMC With Nearest Level Modulation
16.4.5 Three-Phase 9L-MMC With PS-PWM
16.4.6 Three-Phase 9L-MMC With PD-PWM
16.5 Performance Analysis
16.6 Conclusion
References
17. Application of CHB-MLI as a Three‑Phase Star-Connected Nine‑Level Shunt Active Power Filter
Jitendra Kumar Tandekar, Amit Ojha and Shailendra Jain
17.1 Introduction
17.2 Operating Principle of the CHB-MLI-Based SAPF
17.3 Modeling of CHB-MLI-Based Shunt Active Power Filter
17.3.1 Generation of Reference Current Employing Average Power Method
17.3.2 Reference Current Generation Using Instantaneous Power Theory
17.4 Nine-Level CHB-MLI-Based Shunt Active Power Filter
17.4.1 Implementation of Modified Multicarrier SPWM for Nine-Level CHB-MLI-Based SAPF
17.4.2 Simulation of Nine-Level CHB-MLI-Based SAPF
17.5 Conclusion
References
Index

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