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Evolutionary Manufacturing, Design and Operational Practices for Resource and Environmental Sustainability

Edited by Kamalakanta Muduli, Sachindra Kumar Rout, Sunil Sarangi, Sardar M.N. Islam and Aezeden Mohamed
Copyright: 2024   |   Status: Published
ISBN: 9781394198160  |  Hardcover  |  
542 pages
Price: $245 USD
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One Line Description
This book highlights the important use of digital technologies and the latest developments in mechanical and industrial engineering to enhance environmental and resource sustainability.

Audience
This book has a wide audience in academic institutions and engineers in a variety of manufacturing industries. It will also appeal to economists and policymakers working on the circular economy, clean tech investors, industrial decision-makers, and environmental professionals.

Description
Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) have as their overarching objective the reduction or eradication of a wide range of global problems, including, but not limited to poverty, climate change, environmental degradation, and inequality. Digital technologies (DTs) have the potential to be exploited to meet the goals associated with the circular economy (CE) and sustainable development. Additive manufacturing (AM), cyber-physical systems (CPS), and blockchain technology are examples of DT-enabled technologies that are helpful for businesses that seek to shift to a circular economic model.
With the remanufacturing of products, applications that make use of virtual reality and augmented reality, in addition to the Internet of Things, simplify the construction of strategic decision models that reduce time and expense while simultaneously increasing productivity. In addition, the utilization of big data analytics helps businesses discover previously undisclosed trends and unlock numerous opportunities for environmental and resource sustainability. Employing analytics makes it feasible to collect helpful information regarding the socio-environmental impact of a product, as well as consumption factors over the entirety of a product’s life cycle.
This book contains 44 comprehensive chapters and is divided into five parts. Part 1 delves deeply into sustainable operational practices and supply chain management. The impact that digital technology-enabled operational techniques have on product life cycles is investigated, as well as the design of efficient remanufacturing processes, environmentally friendly logistics and warehousing practices, sustainable designs for distributed energy supply systems, and efficient recycling procedures.
Part 2 provides a perspective on advanced materials and developments for sustainable manufacturing. The chapters in this section address sustainable material development and its application in the circular economy concept. Included here is an in-depth exploration of cutting-edge technology for synthesis, processing, fabrication, process optimization, testing, and performance evaluation of advanced materials. Part 3 covers sustainable manufacturing practices and looks at the problems faced by the industry when using digital technologies in their operations, as well as the possible benefits.
Part 4 examines sustainable innovation in mechanical design. It addresses all aspects of mechanical design that contribute to sustainable innovation for nation-building. Part 5 delves into heat transfer and fluid flow concepts for sustainable product development and applications. The chapters explain how to construct sustainable energy systems by reducing the total amount of energy that is utilized, enhancing the efficiency of the process of energy conversion, and making use of sources of energy that are renewable.

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Author / Editor Details
Kamalakanta Muduli, Ph.D, is an associate professor in the Department of Mechanical Engineering, Papua New Guinea University of Technology, Papua New Guinea. His research interests focus on materials science, manufacturing, sustainable supply chain management, and industry 4.0 applications in operations and supply chains. He is the recipient of the ERASMUS award by the European Union and published more than 80 papers in peer-reviewed international journals.

Sachindra Kumar Rout, PhD, is an assistant professor at CV Raman Global University in Bhubaneswar, India. He obtained a PhD from the National Institute of Technology in Rourkela, India. His research is based on refrigeration & air conditioning along with the development of laboratory equipment. Rout has published 20+ papers in international journals.

Sunil Sarangi, PhD, is a professorial fellow at the Indian Institute of Technology in Bhubaneswar, India. He obtained his doctorate from the State University of New York. His research fields of interest include cryogenic refrigeration and liquefaction systems. He has published more than 100 papers in international journals and has been awarded the Lifetime Achievement Award of INAE in 2016.

Sarder M.N. Islam, PhD, is a professor at the Institute for Sustainable Industries and Liveable Cities, Victoria University in Australia. He was a professor of business, economics, and finance from 2007 to 2017, and has had many years of academic work experience in teaching, supervision, and multi-disciplinary research. He has published extensively across a broad range of disciplines and his research has attracted international acclaim, leading to several appointments as a distinguished visiting professor. His research ranges in fields of artificial intelligence, accounting, industrial engineering, and finance.

Aezeden Mohamed, PhD, is a senior lecturer in the Department of Mechanical Engineering, Papua New Guinea University of Technology in Lae, Papua New Guinea. He obtained his doctorate in mechanical engineering from the University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada. His main research focuses on corrosion prevention, non-destructive technologies, and biomedical engineering. He has co-authored a book titled Theory of Metal Cutting, published more than 70 articles in journals and conference proceedings, and has 3 patents in material and manufacturing technology.

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Table of Contents
Preface
Part 1: Sustainable Operational Practices and Supply Chain Management
1. Financial Impacts of COVID-19: A Special Emphasis on the Sustainability of Indian Banking Sectors and Stock Markets
Pradeep Reddy K., Venkateswarlu Chandu, Ch. Sahyaja, Shifaly, Elia Thagaram, Amala Gangula and Debesh Mishra
Abbreviations
1.1 Introduction
1.1.1 Objectives of the Study
1.2 Research Methodology
1.3 Literature
1.3.1 Impact Areas of COVID-19
1.3.2 Reforms by the Government of India and RBI
1.3.3 Regulatory Measures to Overcome COVID-19
1.3.3.1 Financial Institution’s Reforms
1.3.4 Influence of COVID-19 on Indian Stock Markets
1.4 Conclusion
References
2. Dynamic Load Frequency Control of Microgrids with Diverse Distributed
Energy Resources
Mathew Pua, Ashish Kr. Luhach and Joseph Fisher
Abbreviations
2.1 Introduction
2.2 PV Modeling
2.2.1 Mathematical Modeling of Boost Converter and Inverter
2.2.2 The Gain for State Two
2.2.3 The Gain for State Three
2.2.4 The Gain for State Four
2.3 Grid Modeling
2.3.1 Droop
2.3.2 Governor Time Constant
2.3.3 Turbine Time Constant
2.3.4 Generator Load Model
2.3.5 Steady State LFC Analysis
2.4 Mathematical Model of PV-Grid System
2.5 Conclusion
References
3. Analysis of Microgrids with Diverse Distributed Energy Resources Using Genetic Algorithm
Mathew Pua, Ashish Kr. Luhach and Joseph Fisher
List of Abbreviations
3.1 Introduction
3.2 Mathematical Model of PV-Grid System
3.2.1 The LFC Algorithm of the Proposed System
3.3 Results and Discussion
3.3.1 Results Obtained At Steady State Condition
3.3.2 PV Power Analysis at Steady State
3.3.3 Grid Power Analysis at Steady State
3.3.4 PV-Grid Interconnected Load Analysis
3.3.5 Conversion of Results in Per Unit to MW
3.4 Results Obtained at Dynamic State Using Proposed GA-Optimized PID Controller
3.4.1 PV Power Analysis at Dynamic State
3.4.2 Grid Turbine Power Analysis
3.4.3 PV-Grid Interconnected Load Analysis
3.4.4 Conversion of Results in Per Unit to MW
3.5 Conclusion
References
4. Comparison of Solar Power Forecasting Using RNN-Dense and LSTM-Dense
Neural Network
Sushree Samikshya Pattanaik, Ashwin Kumar Sahoo and Rajesh Panda
List of Abbreviations
4.1 Introduction
4.2 Related Work
4.3 Machine Learning
4.3.1 Model of a Simple RNN (Recurrent Neural Network)
4.3.2 The LSTM (Long and Short-Term Memory)
4.4 Methodology
4.4.1 Normalization
4.4.2 Preprocessing of Data
4.4.3 Code Execution
4.4.4 Prediction Accuracy
4.5 Results
4.6 Conclusion
References
5. Organizational Opportunities Through Digital‑ and Social-Media Marketing
for Sustainable Businesses
Pradeep Reddy K., Venkateswarlu Chandu, Ch. Sahyaja, Shifaly, Elia Thagaram, Amala Gangula, Debesh Mishra and Sibabrata Mohanty
Abbreviations
5.1 Introduction
5.2 Methodology
5.3 Literature
5.3.1 Environmental Aspects
5.3.2 Organizational Aspects
5.3.3 Marketing Aspects
5.3.4 Outcome-Based Aspects
5.4 Challenges in DSMM
5.5 Conclusion
References
6. Design of Innovative and User-Friendly Household PET Plastic Bottle Shredder to Promote Green Economy
McKurai Minig, Christopher Bubuwau and Aezeden Mohamed
List of Abbreviations
6.1 Introduction
6.1.1 Effects of Plastic in PNG
6.1.2 Possible Solutions
6.1.3 Objectives
6.2 Literature Review
6.2.1 Background
6.2.2 Structure of The Plastic Shredder Machine
6.2.3 Limitations
6.2.4 Future Research
6.3 Methodology
6.3.1 Research Phase
6.3.2 Design Phase
6.3.2.1 Shredder Mechanism
6.3.2.2 Driver
6.3.2.3 Drive Transmission
6.3.2.4 Frame
6.3.3 Fabrication Phase
6.4 Results and Discussion
6.4.1 Blade
6.4.2 Shaft
6.4.3 Spur Gears
6.5 Conclusion and Recommendation
References
Part 2: Prospective of Advanced Materials and Development for Sustainable Manufacturing
7. Sacrificial Anodes and Environmental Effects
Noel Martin and Aezeden Mohamed
Abbreviations
7.1 Introduction
7.1.1 Magnesium—Effective Sacrificial Anodes
7.1.2 Zinc—Less Effective After Magnesium
7.1.3 Aluminum—Less Reactive After Zinc and Magnesium
7.1.4 Sacrificial Anodes and Impressed Current CP System
7.1.4.1 Impressed Current Cathodic Protection
7.1.4.2 Sacrificial Anodes
7.1.5 Environmental Impacts
7.2 Literature Review
7.2.1 Electrolyte Resistivity
7.2.2 Thermal Spray Aluminum (TSA)
7.2.3 Distributed Sacrificial Anodes (DSA)
7.3 Methodology
7.3.1 Electrolyte Resistivity Data Analysis
7.3.1.1 Soil Resistivity Against Current
7.3.2 Corrosion Rates of Cathodes in Puma Energy
7.3.2.1 Experiment and Calculations
7.3.2.2 Data Analysis
7.3.2.3 Corrosion Penetration Rate
7.3.2.4 Quantity of Sacrificial Anodes Against Soil Resistivity
7.4 Recommendation
7.5 Conclusion
References
8. Experimental Investigation of Steel and Porous Al Foam LM Vehicle Leaf
Spring By Using Mechanical and Computer Method
K. Manickaraj, R. Ramamoorthi, Karuppasamy R., S. Kannan and B. Vijayaprakash
List of Abbreviation
8.1 Introduction
8.2 Manufacture of Al Foam
8.3 Tests for Deflection
8.3.1 Steel and Al Foam Leaf Spring Deflection
8.3.2 Finite Element Analysis
8.4 Results and Discussion
8.5 Conclusion
References
9. Effect on Mechanical and Physical Properties of Microwave-Sintered Alumina Nanocomposite on Addition of ZrO2 and MgO
K.L. Meena, Shaik Mozammil and Eklavya Koshta
Abbreviations
9.1 Introduction
9.2 Investigation Procedure
9.2.1 Selection of Materials for Nanocomposite
9.2.2 Fabrication Process of Nanocomposites
9.2.3 Characterization Methods and Techniques
9.3 Results and Discussion
9.3.1 Microstructural Investigation
9.3.2 Average Grain Size Study
9.3.3 Relative Density Examination
9.3.4 Porosity of Microwave-Sintered Samples
9.3.5 Microhardness Examination
9.4 Conclusions
Acknowledgments
References
10. Pull Test Analysis of Friction Welding Samples on Boiler Grade Materials With the Assistance of Taguchi and ANOVA
A. Daniel Das and S. Manivannan
Abbreviations
10.1 Introduction
10.2 Experimental Investigation
10.2.1 Selection of Base Materials, Tools and Supporting Block
10.2.2 FWTPET Process
10.2.3 Mechanical Analysis
10.3 Discussion on Results
10.3.1 Taguchi Significance
10.3.2 Regression Analysis
10.3.3 Statistical Analysis (ANOVA)
10.3.4 Mechanical and Metallurgical Investigation
10.4 Conclusions
References
11. A Review of Natural Biofiber-Reinforced Polymer Matrix Composites
K. Manickaraj, R. Ramamoorthi, Karuppasamy R., K. R. Sakthivel and B. Vijayaprakash
List of Abbreviation
11.1 Introduction
11.2 Biofibers in Manufacturing
11.3 Composites Made of Natural Biofibers
11.4 Natural Fibers Treatment
11.5 Selecting A Matrix
11.6 Mechanical Characteristics of Composites
11.6.1 Tensile Property
11.6.2 Impact and Flexural Properties
11.7 Conclusion
References
12. Evaluation of Hot Corrosion and High Temperature Oxidation on GTA
Weldments of Nb-Controlled INCONEL 718
A. Daniel Das and S. Manivannan
Abbreviations
12.1 Introduction
12.2 Experimental Procedure
12.2.1 Materials and Methods
12.2.2 Welding Procedure
12.2.3 Welding Parameters
12.3 Results and Discussion
12.3.1 Microstructure of the Weldments
12.3.2 Macrostructure of Welded Specimen
12.3.3 Radiographic Test
12.3.4 Evaluation of Hardness Across Weldment
12.3.5 Hot Corrosion and High Temperature Oxidation Plots
12.3.6 Profilometry Analysis for Inconel 718 GTA Weldments
Conclusions
References
13. Review on “Fused Deposition Modeling” Process Parameters and Their
Influence on Material Properties: A Sustainable Approach
Deepak J., Adarsha H., A. Pattanaik and Ramkumar N.P.
Abbreviations
13.1 Introduction
13.2 Process Parameters
13.3 Properties Affected by Different Process Parameters
13.3.1 Dimensional Accuracy
13.3.2 Surface Roughness
13.3.3 Mechanical Properties
13.3.4 Tensile Strength
13.3.5 Compressive Strength
13.3.6 Other Mechanical Properties
13.4 Conclusions
References
14. Numerical Investigation of Combustion Characteristics for Soybean Biodiesel Depending on Variable Compression Ratios by Using Diesel RK Software
Abdullah Lattouf Hussein Juma, M. K. Parida and H. Joardar
Nomenclature
14.1 Introduction
14.2 Physical Properties of Biodiesel
14.3 Production of Biodiesel
14.4 Diesel-RK Software
14.5 Results and Discussion
14.5.1 Combustion Analysis
14.5.1.1 Cylinder Pressure
14.5.1.2 Cylinder Temperature
14.5.1.3 Combustion Duration
14.5.1.4 Ignition Delay
14.6 Conclusion
References
15. Property Evaluation of Coconut Shell Ash-Reinforced Aluminum Composite
Made by Squeeze Casting
P. Paranthaman, Debabrata Barik, R. Arul Murugan and N. Sathiesh Kumar
List of Abbreviations
15.1 Introduction
15.2 Materials and Methods
15.3 Results and Discussion
15.3.1 Density
15.3.2 Microstructure
15.3.3 Hardness
15.3.4 Tensile Strength
15.4 Conclusion
References
16. Synthesis and Characterization of AZ91 Magnesium Alloy-Alumina/Ceria
Composite Coating By Thermal Spray Technique
Adarsha H., Ashutosh Pattanaik, S. C. Sharma and Bikash Ranjan Moharana
Abbreviations
16.1 Introduction
16.2 Selection of Materials and Methods
16.2.1 Materials Selection
16.2.2 Coating Formulation
16.2.3 Mechanical Properties, Chemical Surface and Thermal Analysis
16.3 Results and Discussions
16.3.1 Coating Characterization: Morphology Studies
16.3.2 Coating Subsurface and Interface Analysis
16.3.3 Porosity and Density
16.3.4 Thermal Conductivity
16.4 Conclusions
References
17. Sustainable Corrosion Prevention System of Steel Structures
Noel Martin and Aezeden Mohamed
Abbreviations
17.1 Introduction
17.2 Sustainable Sacrificial Anodes
17.2.1 Importance of Sacrificial Anodes
17.2.2 Electrolytic Resistivity
17.3 Impressed Current Cathodic Protection System
17.4 Test Results from Idubada SACP Terminal (PNG)
17.4.1 Protected Structure (Blue Line)
17.4.2 Unprotected Structure (Orange Line)
17.5 Wewak Sacrificial Anodes CP
17.6 Conclusion
References
18. Design of a Binary Distillation Column to Increase the Naphthalene Yield
in Tar Distillation Plant of a Steel Plant
Rudra Narayan Mohapatro, Ranjita Swain, Sunita Routray and PrabhakarSethi
Abbreviations
18.1 Introduction
18.2 Material Method
18.3 Results and Discussion
18.3.1 Material Balance by Using McCabe-Thiele Diagram
18.3.2 Mechanical Design
18.4 Results and Discussion by Using Software
18.5 Conclusion
18.6 References
19. Machining of Ni-Based Super Alloy with Coated and Uncoated Tools in a Sustainable Machining Environment
Pravatnalini Chhotaray and Bikash Chandra Behera
Abbreviations
19.1 Introduction
19.2 Materials and Methods
19.3 Results and Discussion
19.3.1 Surface Roughness
19.3.2 Tool Wear
19.3.3 Chip Reduction Coefficient
19.4 Conclusion
References
Part 3: Sustainable Manufacturing Practices
20. The New Age of Manufacturing from Concept to Creation: Innovative World of 3D Printing
Sunil Kumar Panda, Kali Charan Rath and Sujit Mishra
Abbreviations
20.1 Introduction
20.2 Additive Manufacturing Technology
20.2.1 Advantages of 3D Printing
20.2.2 3D Printing Technology Applications
20.2.3 Parts or Components of 3D Printing Machine
20.3 3D Printing Method
20.3.1 Algorithm for 3D Object Model by 3D Printer
20.3.2 3D Printing Process
20.3.3 3D Printing Material
20.3.4 Slicing in 3D Printing
20.3.5 Geometrical Description of Path to Make 3D Model by 3D Printer
20.3.6 Mathematical Equation for 3D Printing Nozzle Tool Path
20.3.7 Nozzle Speed in 3D Printing
20.3.8 Data Communication System in 3D Printing
20.3.9 Additive Manufacturing for Energy Sector
20.4 Role of 3D Printing in Industry 4.0
20.4.1 Benefits of 3D Printing for Small and Medium Scale Industries
20.4.2 3D Printing Technology is a Human-Centered Design Approach of Industry 4.0
20.5 Conclusion
20.5.1 Future Scope
References
21. Optimization of EDM Process Parameters with Fuzzy Logic Technique for
SS-316 Steel and Investigation of Microstructural Characteristics of EDM Machining Surface
G. Sridevi, Kali Charan Rath, Sujit Mishra, Santosh Patro and P. Srinivasa Rao
Abbreviations
21.1 Introduction
21.2 Investigational Setup
21.3 Fuzzy Modeling
21.4 Results and Discussion
21.5 Microstructural Characterization of Machining Surface
21.6 Conclusions
References
22. Comparison Evaluation of Machining Characteristics of Hypereutectic
Aluminium-20%Silicon with Uncoated, PVD, and CVD Coated Inserts
Arunkumar D. T., Ashutosh Pattanaik, K. G. Basavakumar and P. S. Raghvendra Rao
Abbreviations
List of Nomenclature
22.1 Introduction
22.2 Materials and Methodology
22.3 Results and Discussion
22.4 Conclusions
References
23. A Review of TIG Welding Processes: Experimentation and Finite Element Analysis for Sustainable Operational Practices
Anish K. Raj, Bikash Ranjan Moharana and Kalinga Simant Bal
Abbreviations
23.1 Introduction
23.2 Joining of Metals by TIG Welding Process
23.3 Joining of Metals by Pulsed-TIG (P-TIG) Welding Process
23.4 Case Study: Experimental Investigation
23.4.1 Weld Bead Geometry Observation
23.4.2 Observation of Thermal Cycle
23.5 Conclusions
Acknowledgements
References
24. Strategic Implementation of Reliability Centered Maintenance with Development of a Framework of an Indian Manufacturing Industry
Hiranmoy Samanta, Pradip Kumar Talapatra and Kamal Golui
Abbreviations
24.1 Introduction
24.2 Literature Review
24.3 How the Concept of RCM was Generated (Background)
24.4 Various Definitions of RCM
24.5 Objectives of RCM
24.6 Components of RCM
24.6.1 Reactive Maintenance (RM)
24.6.2 Preventive Maintenance (PM)
24.6.3 Condition-Based Maintenance (CBM)
24.6.4 Proactive Maintenance (PrM)
24.7 RCM Principles
24.8 RCM Methodology
24.9 Step-by-Step Analysis of Reliability-Centered Maintenance
24.10 Maintenance Analysis Process for Machines
24.11 Evaluations of the Machines
24.12 Conclusion
References
Part 4: Sustainable Innovation in Mechanical Design
25. Bending Behavior of Multi-Layered Ionic Polymer Metal Composite Actuator in Time Domain
Dillip Kumar Biswal, Ashutosh Biswal and Bikash Ranjan Moharana
Abbreviations
25.1 Introduction
25.2 Bending Behavior of Fabricated Ag-IPMC
25.3 Fabricated Ag-IPMC Modeling
25.3.1 Kinetic Energy (KE)
25.3.2 Potential Energy (PE)
25.3.3 Equation of Motion
25.4 Results and Discussion
25.5 Conclusion
References
26. Experimental Approach for Analyzing the Algorithm with Camera on Distracted Driving Algorithms by Using Image Recognition Models
Brijesh S. Patil and Divya Midhunchakkaravarthy
Nomenclature
26.1 Introduction
26.2 Methodology
26.3 Working Approach
26.4 Experimental Approach
26.5 Conclusion
References
27. Techno-Economic and Feasibility Analysis of a Mixed Mode Solar Dryer
Deepak C. N. and A. K. Behura
Abbreviations
27.1 Introduction
27.2 Materials and Methods
27.2.1 Experimental Setup
27.2.2 Economic Analysis
27.3 Thermal Energy Storage Integration
27.4 Results and Discussion
27.5 Conclusion
References
28. Fabrication of Four-Wheel Steering With Three-Mode Operation
Jayapradha P., Arun Prakash J. and Debabrata Barik
List of Abbreviations
28.1 Introduction
28.2 Result and Discussion
28.2.1 CAD Drawing
28.2.1.1 Bevel Gear 1
28.2.1.2 Bevel Gear 2
28.2.1.3 Spur Gear
28.2.2 Drawing for Four-Wheel Steering With Three Mode Operation
28.2.3 Fabrication Work
28.3 Working Principle
28.4 Conclusion
Acknowledgment
Data Availability Statement
Funding Statement
Conflict of Interest
References
Part 5: Heat Transfer and Fluid Flow Concept for Sustainable Product Development and Their Application
29. Effectiveness of Solar Still Combining Thermocol Insulation with Locally
Accessible Heat Storage Materials: An Experimental Approach
Saurav Sahoo and Dillip Kumar Biswal
Abbreviations
29.1 Introduction
29.2 Experimental Investigation
29.3 Results and Discussion
Conclusions
References
30. Estimation of Cooling Load of Air Cooling System for a Hospital Room
Saurav Sharma, Amit Kumar, Shrikant Vidya, Pramod Kumar and Md. Maroof
Abbreviations
30.1 Introduction
30.2 Analysis and Evaluation
30.3 Results and Discussion
30.4 Conclusion
References
31. Numerical Investigation of Small-Scale Model of a Blast Furnace for Laminar and Turbulent Regimes
Shafiq Mohamad, Sachindra Kumar Rout, Neruda Barakat, Jnana Ranjan Senapati and Sunil Kumar Sarangi
Nomenclature
31.1 Introduction
31.2 Literature Review
31.3 Geometry Investigation and Quantitative Evaluation
31.3.1 Validation of Model
31.4 Findings and Discussion
31.4.1 Variation of Heat Plumes in the Laminar and Turbulent Regimes
31.4.2 Impact of Rayleigh Number on Nusselt Number for Laminar and Turbulent Regimes
31.4.3 Change of Temperature Along the Axis of the Upward Cylindrical Cavity
31.4.4 Nusselt Number Fluctuation at the Wall of Cylindrical Cavity in the Turbulent Regime
31.5 Conclusions
References
32. A Critical Review on Blood Flow Modeling: Relevance to Rheology, Numerical and Computational Methods
Hiranmoy Samanta, Binoy Mandal, Abhijit Majumder, Srrejit Roy Chowdhury and Gulshan Kumar
Abbreviation
32.1 Introduction
32.2 Constitutive Models of Blood
32.2.1 Newtonian Fluid Model
32.2.2 Non-Newtonian Fluid Models
32.2.2.1 Power Law Model
32.2.2.2 Casson Model
32.2.2.3 Herschel-Bulkley Model
32.3 Mathematical Modeling of Blood Flow Simulation
32.3.1 Methods of Blood Flow Modeling
32.4 Conclusions
References
33. Research Trends and Perspectives of Thermal Management of Photovoltaic/Thermal (PV/T) System: Bibliometric Analysis
Mukul Kant Paliwal, Sanjeev Jakhar and Vikrant Sharma
Abbreviations
33.1 Introduction
33.2 Methodology
33.3 Results
33.3.1 The Publication Trend
33.3.2 The Most Impactful Authors
33.3.3 Keywords Co-Occurrence Analysis
33.3.4 Main Research Country
33.3.5 Relationship
33.4 Discussions
33.5 Conclusions
References
34. Waste Cooking Oil Biodiesel Synthesis and Emission Comparison Study of Diesel and Biodiesel as Fuel for Cleaner Environment
N. Sathiesh Kumar and Debabrata Barik
List of Abbreviations
34.1 Introduction
34.2 Materials and Methods
34.3 Preparation of Catalyst
34.4 Process of Biodiesel Synthesis
34.5 Engine Testing
34.6 Exhaust Gas Analyzer
34.7 Results and Discussion
34.7.1 CO Emissions
34.7.2 CO2 Emission
34.7.3 NOX Emission
34.7.4 HC Emission
34.8 Conclusion
Declaration of Originality
Acknowledgment
Data Availability Statement
Funding Statement
Conflict of Interest
References
35. Dynamic Modeling of Solar Parabolic Trough Collector—A Review
Subham Show, Binayak Pattanayak and Subhrajit Ray
Abbreviations
35.1 Introduction
35.2 Methodology
35.3 Receiver Numerical Model
35.4 Simulation Software
35.5 Conclusions and Future Scope
References
36. Minimizing the Surface Temperature of Heat Sink in Electronic Components for Sustainability
P. Ragupathi and Debabrata Barik
List of Abbreviations
36.1 Introduction
36.2 Methodology
36.3 Results and Discussion
36.4 Conclusion
Declaration of Originality
Acknowledgment
Data Availability Statement
Funding Statement
Conflict of Interest
References
37. An Investigation of Heat Transfer Performance of a Novel Three-Fluid Heat
Exchanger Proposed for Household Heating Systems
Belal Almasri and Taraprasad Mohapatra
Abbreviation Table
37.1 Introduction
37.2 Materials and Methods
37.2.1 Experimental Setup
37.2.2 Experimental Procedure
37.3 Results and Discussion
37.3.1 Verification and Validation of the Current Work
37.3.2 The Effect of Flow Rate on the Heat Transfer of NTFHE (Parallel)
37.3.3 The Effect of Flow Rate on the Heat Transfer of NTFHE (Counterflow)
37.4 Conclusions
References
38. Cooling Load Calculations for a Mosque Using HAP Software: A Case Study
Naved Khan, Mohd. Yasar, Shrikant Vidya, Pramod Kumar and Haridwar Narayan
Abbreviations
38.1 Introduction
38.2 Methodology & Analysis
38.3 Results and Discussion
38.4 Conclusion
References
39. Challenges and Future Prospects of Hydrogen Fuel Cell Technology: An Overview
Arbab Nafees, Shrikant Vidya, Lavepreet Singh, Md. Nasar Equbal and Priyanka Agrawal
Abbreviations
39.1 Introduction
39.2 Principle of a Fuel Cell
39.2.1 Working of a PEMFC
39.3 Challenges and Issues
39.3.1 Manufacturing Issues and Inefficiencies
39.3.2 Storage Issues
39.3.3 Transportation Issues
39.4 Solving Global Warming
39.5 Alternative Fuels
39.6 Advanced Ultra-Super Critical Technology (AUSC)
39.7 Energy Technology and Climate Change
39.7.1 Kyoto Protocol
39.7.2 Montreal Protocol
39.8 Renewable Statistics
39.9 Carbon Economy
39.10 Carbon Footprint
39.11 Conclusions and Future Scope
References
40. Adsorption Kinetics Assessment of CO2 Capture in an Adsorber Bed Under Atmospheric Conditions
P. Eswar Babu and B. Kiran Naik
Nomenclature
40.1 Introduction
40.2 Numerical Model
40.2.1 Governing Equation
40.3 Algorithm
40.4 Performance Characteristics of CO2 Capture
40.4.1 Adsorption Effectiveness
40.4.2 Purity of CO2
40.4.3 Recovery of CO2
40.5 Model Validation
40.6 Results and Discussion
40.7 Conclusions
References
41. Numerical Analysis of a Nature-Inspired Insulation Method for Building Applications
Belal Almasri and Taraprasad Mohapatra
Abbreviations
Nomenclatures
Greek Symbols
41.1 Introduction
41.2 Numerical Simulations
41.3 Results and Discussion
41.3.1 Verification and Validation
41.3.2 Grid Independence Test
41.3.3 The Effect of Angle Variation on Heat Transfer
41.3.3.1 Nusselt Convection Changes With Angle
41.3.3.2 Nusselt Radiation Change With the Angle
41.3.3.3 Total Nusselt Changes With the Angle
41.3.3.4 Temperature Contours
41.4 Conclusions
References
42. Numerical Study of the Unsteady Flow in Simplified and Realistic Bifurcation Arterial Models
Hiranmoy Samanta, Kamal Golui, Sk. Tarif Ali and Debajit Saha
Abbreviation
42.1 Introduction
42.2 Literature Review
42.3 Mathematical Modeling of Blood Flow
42.3.1 Developing the Cardiovascular System Model
42.3.2 Computational Model
42.3.3 Mathematical Equations
42.3.4 Boundary Conditions and Fluid Flow Assumptions
42.3.5 The Numerical Solution
42.3.6 Geometry and Mesh
42.4 Results and Discussion
42.5 Conclusions
References
43. Study of Natural Convection From a Vertical Wall with Extended Surfaces
Sachindra kumar Rout, Ahmad Khadim Hussein, Kamalakanta Muduli, S. K. Asif Uddin, Ayush Kumar Chinara, Dibya Ranjan Mahalik, Roshan Prasad Mallia and Rahul Kumar Sahu
Nomenclature
43.1 Introduction
43.2 Problem Description
43.3 Numerical Procedure
43.4 Results
43.5 Impact of Radius of Fin to Spacing of Fin Ratio on Nusselt Number
43.6 Impact of Rayleigh Numbers on Temperature Contours
43.7 Impact of Rayleigh Numbers on Temperature Flow Fields
43.8 Conclusions
References
44. Impact of Natural Convection Heat Transfer on the Efficiency of Various
Heat Dissipating Devices and Heat Sinks—A Review
B. Dash, J. Nanda, S.K. Rout and J.R. Senapati
Nomenclature
44.1 Introduction
44.2 Literature Review
44.3 Numerical Simulation Data Interpretation
44.4 Impact of Buoyancy
44.5 Conclusion
References
Index

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