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Nanotechnology Assisted Recycling of Textile Waste

Sustainable Tools for Textiles
Edited by Prashansa Sharma and Shilpi Shree Sahay
Copyright: 2025   |   Expected Pub Date:2024/12/30
ISBN: 9781394174492  |  Hardcover  |  
524 pages

One Line Description
Discover how innovative nanotechnology can turn waste into opportunity, offering
insights and strategies to create a greener, more eco-friendly textile industry.

Audience
The book will be read by a range of researchers, engineers and students in technical textiles, textile technology and engineering, textile chemistry, fiber science, textile processing technologies and manufacturing, fashion and apparel technology, materials science, environmental science. This book will help designers and clothing manufacturers, and all those in textile and environmental domains, who are engaged in waste management.

Description
This book investigates nanotechnology-assisted sustainable solutions and their potential to transform waste into opportunity by fostering innovative designs and in-depth knowledge of sustainable waste management and nanotechnology applications.
Divided into four comprehensive parts, comprising 16 chapters, Nanotechnology Assisted Recycling of Textile Waste, provides insights into the potential of nanotechnology in revolutionizing textile recycling and shaping the future of sustainable textiles.
Part I sets the stage with an insightful overview of textile waste and management, exploring the conceptual dimensions and challenges in handling and organizing textile waste. It also describes the innovative realm of textile recycling. In Part II, the spotlight shines on comprehensive, sustainable, and productive recycling of waste using nanotechnology. Here, readers are invited to explore the transformative contributions of nanotechnology in shaping sustainable textile design and characterizing functional properties of novel recycled nano-textiles. Future perspectives of nanotechnology in textile applications, particularly concerning waste recycling, are also examined. Part III explores deeper into the advanced application of recycled and nano-assisted novel textiles generated through waste. From sports textiles to technical textiles, this section explores the diverse applications of recycled waste, bolstered by nano-engineered innovations. Finally, Part IV addresses the critical aspects of quality control and regulatory compliance in the realm of advanced nano-textile materials through an exploration of global legislation, schemes, and standards.
Readers will find in this book:
•research findings and innovative approaches to cope with the challenges and issues of textile waste;
•systematic and scientific knowledge on textile waste recycling techniques using nanotechnology;
•knowledge of complex scientific research findings in a simple and understandable form;
•comprehensive coverage of a broad range of topics, including sustainable textile waste management.

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Author / Editor Details
Prashansa Sharma, PhD, is an assistant professor in the Department of Home Science, MMV, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India. With over ten years of experience in both teaching and research, her areas of expertise encompass nano-textiles, green synthesis, and the application of nanotechnology in textiles. She has contributed significantly to her field with numerous research papers, books, and book chapters.

Shilpi Shree Sahay works in the Department of Home Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India. She specializes in clothing and textiles, focusing on nano-textile science and eco-friendly textile finishing. With a master’s degree from BHU, her research interests include developing nanoparticles and enhancing textile functionality.

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Table of Contents
Preface
Part I: Overview of Textile Waste and Management
1. Overview of Textile Waste
Amisha Singh, Shilpi Shree Sahay and Prashansa Sharma
List of Abbreviations
1.1 Introduction
1.2 Textile Waste
1.3 Classification of Textile Waste
1.4 Pre-Consumer Textile Waste
1.4.1 Fiber Production–Based Waste
1.4.2 Yarn Production–Based Waste
1.4.3 Fabric Production–Based Waste
1.4.4 Wet Processing–Based Textile Waste
1.5 Post-Consumer Textile Waste
1.5.1 Garment-Based Waste
1.5.2 Home-Furnishing Textile Waste
1.5.3 Factory-Based Textile Waste
1.5.4 Post-Consumer Technical Textile Waste
1.6 Soft and Hard Waste
1.7 Major Reasons for Textile Waste Production
1.7.1 Overproduction
1.7.2 Fast Fashion
1.7.3 Needs, Fashion, and People
1.7.4 Textile Waste: Policy Framework
1.7.5 Consumer Awareness Toward Sustainability
1.8 Textile Waste–Associated Environmental Hazards
1.8.1 Water Pollution
1.8.2 Land Pollution
1.8.3 Air Pollution
1.9 Future Prospect
1.10 Conclusion
References
2. Challenges in Handling and Systematically Organizing Textile Waste
A.K. Choudhary and Prashant Kumar
List of Abbreviations
2.1 Introduction
2.2 Types of Textile Waste
2.3 Textile Waste Management
2.4 Major Challenges in Managing Textile Waste
2.5 Challenges in Textile Recycling (Solid Waste)
2.5.1 Challenges in Recycling
2.5.2 Challenges in Textile Recycling
2.5.2.1 Why in Textile Recycling?
2.5.3 Basic Terminology Related to Textile Recycling
2.5.4 Major Challenges in Systematically Organizing Classification of Textile Waste Recycling
2.5.5 General Classification of Textile Recycling
2.5.5.1 Mechanical Recycling
2.5.5.2 Chemically Recycling
2.5.6 Classification of Textile Recycling Based on the Nature of Processes Involved
2.5.6.1 Fabric Recycling
2.5.6.2 Fiber Recycling
2.5.6.3 Polymer/Oligomer Recycling
2.5.6.4 Monomer Recycling
2.5.7 Classification of Textile Recycling Based on the Product Quality
2.5.7.1 Upcycling
2.5.7.2 Downcycling
2.5.8 Classification of Textile Recycling Based on the Product Use
2.5.8.1 Closed-Loop Recycling
2.5.8.2 Open-Loop Recycling
2.5.9 Classification of Textile Recycling Based on Consumer
2.5.9.1 Post-Consumer Product
2.5.9.2 Pre-Consumer Product
2.5.10 Other Classification of Textile Recycling
2.6 Challenges in Different Methods for Recovering Waste from the Textile Industry
2.6.1 In Textile Waste Anaerobic Digestion
2.6.2 In Textile Waste Fermentation for Ethanol Production
2.6.3 In Textile Waste Composting
2.6.4 In Regeneration of Fiber from Textile Waste
2.6.5 In Textile Waste as a Raw Material for Building Construction
2.6.6 In Recovery of Thermal Energy
2.6.7 In Regeneration
2.6.8 In Nonwoven Technology
2.6.9 In Technical Textiles
2.6.10 In Alternatives of Paper Making
References
3. Overview of Textile Recycling (Solid Waste)
Debarati Maity, Akash Borkar, Suvojit Ghosh and Anagha S. Sabnis
List of Abbreviations
3.1 Introduction
3.2 Overview of Textile Recycling
3.2.1 Types of Solid Textile Waste
3.3 Circular Economy
3.4 Waste Management
3.4.1 Prevention (Reduction)
3.4.2 Reuse
3.4.2.1 Second-Hand Clothing
3.4.2.2 Vintage Clothing Trend
3.4.3 Recycling
3.4.3.1 Primary Recycling
3.4.3.2 Secondary Recycling (Mechanical Recycling)
3.4.3.3 Tertiary Recycling (Chemical Recycling)
3.4.3.4 Quaternary Recycling/Energy Recovery
3.4.4 Recovery (Energy from Waste)
3.4.5 Disposal (Landfilling)
3.5 Applications of Recycled Fabrics
3.5.1 Cotton Waste
3.5.2 Mixed Waste
3.5.3 Polyester Waste
3.5.4 Other Waste
3.6 Challenges in Fabric Recycling
3.7 Technologies and Innovation Involved in Textile Recycling
3.7.1 Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) Tags
3.7.2 Artificial Intelligence–Based Hybridized Intelligent Framework (AIHIF) Recognition Technology
3.7.3 Importance of Computing Technology for Sorting Waste
3.7.4 Implementation of Internet of Things (IoT)
3.7.5 Chemical Innovation
3.8 Conclusions
References
4. Nanoparticle-Facilitated Treatment of Wastewater Containing Textile Dye
Anirban Roy and Sampa Chakrabarti
Abbreviations
4.1 Introduction
4.2 Aim, Objectives, and Scope
4.3 Nanoparticle-Based Adsorption Processes for Treatment of Textile Wastewater
4.3.1 Basics of Adsorption
4.3.2 Nanoparticles as Adsorbents
4.4 Nano-Photocatalysts and Their Application for Treatment of Textile Wastewater
4.4.1 Basics of Photocatalysis
4.4.2 Oxide Nanoparticles as Photocatalysts
4.4.3 Carbon-Based Nano-Photocatalysts
4.4.4 Other Nano-Photocatalysts
4.5 Membrane Processes Involving Nanotechnology for Treatment of Textile Wastewater
4.6 Bioremediation Involving Nanomaterials
4.6.1 Microbial Biodegradation of Textile Wastewater
4.6.2 Role of Nanoparticles in Enzyme Facilitated Bioremediation
4.6.3 Synthesis of Nanoparticles by Biological Routes
4.6.4 Combination of Biological System with Other Systems
4.7 Ecotoxicological Impact of Using Nanoparticles for Textile Wastewater Treatment
4.8 Real-Life Textile Wastewater Treatment Using Nanoparticles
4.9 Conclusion
References
5. Innovative Approaches to Recover Waste in the Textile Sector
Dipak Kumar Sahu and Goutam Rath
List of Abbreviations
5.1 Introduction
5.1.1 Importance of Waste Recovery in the Textile Sector
5.1.2 Significance of Innovative Approaches
5.1.3 Overview of the Current Waste Management Practices in the Textile Industry
5.2 Innovative Approaches for Solid Waste Management
5.2.1 Collection of Textile Waste
5.2.1.1 Implementing EPR Programs
5.2.1.2 Leveraging Technology for Smart Textile Waste Bins and Tracking
5.2.1.3 Collaboration with Fashion Brands for Take-Back Schemes
5.2.1.4 Engaging Local Communities and NGOs in Waste Collection Initiatives
5.2.2 Retracing and Sorting Textile Waste
5.2.2.1 Utilizing AI and Machine Learning for Efficient Waste Sorting
5.2.2.2 Robotics and Automated Textile Identification Techniques
5.2.2.3 Integration of Blockchain for Supply Chain Transparency
5.2.2.4 Adopting Sustainable Labels for Easy Categorization
5.2.2.5 Engaging Stakeholders for Effective Waste Management
5.3 Case Studies of Successful Innovations
5.4 Innovative Approaches for Liquid Textile Waste Management
5.4.1 Nanoparticle for Physicochemical Removal
5.4.2 Nanoparticles for Textile Polyester Recycling
5.4.3 Nanoparticles for Wastewater Dye Removal
5.4.4 Nanomaterials for Dye Removal
5.4.5 Nanoparticle-Mediated Photodegradation
5.4.6 Biosynthesized Nanoparticles for Dye Removal
5.4.7 Bio-Synthesized Nanoparticles for Biodegradation
5.5 Nanofibers for Dye Separation
5.6 Waste Cotton Recycling
5.7 Mixed Solid Waste Recycling
5.8 Challenges and Prospects
5.9 Conclusion
References
Part II: Comprehensive, Sustainable and Productive Recycling of Waste Using Nanotechnology
6. Role of Nanotechnology in Recycled Textiles
Muhammad Jahanzaib, Shambhavi Sharma and Duckshin Park
List of Abbreviations
6.1 Introduction
6.2 Textile Waste Reuse or Recycle
6.3 Challenges in Textile Recycling
6.3.1 Diversity of Textile Materials
6.3.2 Loss of Fiber Quality
6.3.3 Complexity of Chemical Recycling
6.3.4 Scale and Efficiency
6.3.5 Consumer Awareness and Behavior
6.3.6 A Lack of Infrastructure and Collecting Networks
6.3.7 Technological Advancements and Research
6.4 Nanotechnology in Textiles
6.4.1 Self-Cleaning Fabrics
6.4.2 Water-Resistant Fabrics and Stain-Resistant
6.4.3 Textiles With Built-In Antibacterial and Antimicrobial Qualities
6.4.4 Thermoregulating Textiles
6.4.5 Smart Textiles and Wearable Technology
6.4.6 UV-Protective Textiles
6.5 The Circular Economy and Nanotechnology: The Case of Recycled Textile Waste
6.5.1 Nanotechnology in Textiles Can Harm the Environment and Health
6.6 Environmental Hazards Associated with Nanomaterials in the Textile Industry
6.7 Nanomaterials From Textile Industry and Health Effects
6.8 Industrial Applications of Recycled Textiles
6.9 Conclusion
References
7. Contribution of Nanotechnology in Shaping Sustainable Textile Design and Future Fashion Trends
Shilpi Shree Sahay, Prashansa Sharma and Amisha Singh
List of Abbreviations
7.1 Introduction
7.1.1 The Concept of Sustainability in Textiles
7.2 Sustainable Design Principles
7.2.1 Design for Durability and Longevity
7.2.2 Modular and Versatile Design Concepts
7.2.3 Biomimicry in Fashion Design
7.2.4 Circular Fashion and Closed-Loop Systems
7.3 Promoting Conscious Fashion Choices
7.4 Sustainable Practices in Textile Production
7.4.1 Innovative Fibers
7.4.2 Recycled Polyester
7.4.3 Vegan Leather Alternatives
7.5 Role of Technological Advancements in Achieving Sustainability
7.5.1 Waste to Value-Added Production Process
7.5.2 Role of Automation and Robotics in Recycling
7.6 Technological Innovations in Material Production
7.6.1 The ChroMorphus Technology
7.6.2 3D and 4D Printing Technology
7.6.3 Dyeing and Finishing Technologies
7.6.4 Smart and Wearable Technologies
7.7 Nanotechnology in Fabric Production
7.8 Innovations in Nanotechnology Transforming Textile Sector
7.8.1 Sensing Textiles
7.8.2 Actuating Textiles
7.8.3 Energy-Harvesting Textiles
7.8.4 Thermoregulating Textiles
7.8.5 Luminescent Textiles
7.8.6 Conductive Textiles
7.8.7 Medical Textiles
7.8.8 Protective Textiles
7.9 Nanotextile Market Trend
7.10 Emerging Technologies and Future Trend
7.11 Conclusion
References
8. Understanding and Characterization of Functional Properties of Novel Recycled Nano-Textile
Chet Ram Meena
List of Abbreviations
8.1 Introduction
8.2 Current and Future Trends in Novel Nano-Textiles
8.3 Nanotechnology (NT)
8.4 Nanomaterials (NMs)
8.4.1 Novel Applications of Nanomaterials
8.5 Synthesis of Nanomaterials (NMs)
8.5.1 Overview of the Production Process for Recycled Nano-Textiles
8.6 Characterization of Nanomaterials
8.6.1 Characterization of Functional Properties of Recycled Nano-Textiles
8.6.2 Determination of Nanomaterial Toxicity
8.7 Applications of Nanotechnology
8.7.1 Water Repellence Properties in Textiles
8.7.2 Antimicrobial Properties in Textiles
8.7.3 Antistatic Properties in Textiles
8.7.4 Water and Oil Resistance Properties
8.7.5 Self-Cleaning Aspects
8.7.5.1 Physical Self-Cleaning
8.7.5.2 Self-Cleaning Chemical
8.7.6 Ultraviolet Protection Properties in Textiles
8.7.7 Flame-Resistant Properties in Textiles
8.7.8 Wrinkle Resistance Properties in Textiles
8.7.9 Active and Leisure Properties in Smart Sportswear
8.7.10 Anti-Odor Properties in Textiles
8.7.11 Electrically Conductive Properties in Textiles
8.7.12 Energy Storage Properties in Textiles
8.7.13 Photonics Properties in Textiles
8.7.14 Textile Coloration Properties in Textiles
8.8 Novel Nano-Textile
8.9 Environmental and Health Concerns Connected with Nanomaterials
8.10 Overpowering the Threats Connected with Nanomaterials
8.11 Conclusion
References
9. Future Perspective of Nanotechnology in Relation to Textile Applications Using Textile Waste
Ruchi Kholiya, Shefali Massey and Mansi Hans
List of Abbreviations
9.1 Introduction
9.2 Nanotechnology and Its Emergence
9.2.1 Background of Nanotechnology
9.2.2 Advantages of Nanotechnology
9.2.3 Future of Nanotechnology
9.3 What is Textile Waste?
9.3.1 Reasons Behind the Textile Waste Generation
9.3.2 Magnitude of Textile Waste Generation
9.4 Potential of Nanotechnology in the Utilization of Textile Waste
9.4.1 Nanosized Adsorbents
9.4.2 Nanofiltration
9.5 Environmental, Health, and Safety Concerns of Nanotechnology
9.6 Conclusion
References
Part III: Advanced Application of Recycled and Nano-Assisted Novel Textile Generated Through Waste
10. Utilizing Textile Waste in the Production of Nanotechnology-Based Sports Textiles
Janmay Singh Hada
List of Abbreviations
10.1 Introduction
10.1.1 Reduce
10.1.2 Reuse
10.1.3 Recycle
10.2 Integration of Textile Waste and Nanotechnology
10.2.1 Coating Techniques
10.2.2 Hybrid Structures
10.2.3 Sensor Integration
10.3 Sport Textiles
10.4 Nanotechnology and Nanomaterials in Sport Textiles
10.4.1 Performance and Properties of Novel Sports Textiles
10.4.1.1 Moisture Management and Breathability
10.4.1.2 Odor Resistance
10.4.1.3 UV Protection
10.4.1.4 Temperature Regulation
10.4.1.5 Abrasion Resistance
10.4.1.6 Lightweight and Performance Enhancement
10.4.1.7 Stretch and Flexibility
10.4.1.8 Wearable Sensors
10.4.1.9 Water and Stain Resistance
10.4.1.10 Biomechanics and Injury Prevention
10.4.1.11 Aerodynamics
10.5 Textile Waste
10.6 Health and Safety Measures
10.7 Present Scenario
10.7.1 Mechanical Recycling
10.7.2 Chemical Recycling
10.7.3 Upcycling
10.7.4 Collaboration and Innovation
10.7.5 Consumer Awareness
10.7.6 Regulatory and Industry Initiatives
10.7.7 Challenges and Considerations
10.8 Composites
10.9 Nanotechnology is Applied to Enable Self-Cleaning Properties in Textile Waste
10.10 Innovations
10.11 Conclusion
References
11. Functional Textiles from Agro-Industrial Waste
Shubham Joshi, Neelu Kambo and Saurabh Dubey
List of Abbreviations
11.1 Introduction
11.2 Socio-Economic Perspective
11.3 Agro-Industrial Waste
11.4 Extraction and Formulation of Natural Compounds
11.4.1 Conventional Methods
11.4.1.1 Physical Method
11.4.1.2 Pressurized Hot Water Extraction
11.4.1.3 Microwave Extraction
11.4.1.4 Ultrasound Extraction
11.4.2 Chemical Methods
11.4.2.1 Super Critical Carbon Dioxide Extraction
11.4.3 Enzyme-Assisted Techniques
11.5 Functional Properties of Agro-Industrial Waste-Based Formulations
11.5.1 Antimicrobial Properties
11.5.2 Aroma Properties
11.5.3 Dyeing Properties
11.5.4 Flame Retardant Properties
11.5.5 Mosquito Repellent Properties
11.5.6 Surfactants
11.5.7 Green Synthesis of Nanofibers and Nanoparticles from Agro-Industrial Waste
11.6 Future and Challenges
11.7 Conclusion
Acknowledgment
References
12. Potential Application of Recycled Waste in Technical Textiles
Blesson Tom Mathew, Advitiya Kumar and Archana Samanta
List of Abbreviations
12.1 Introduction
12.2 Overview of Technical Textiles
12.3 Textile Waste: Sources and Challenges
12.3.1 Sources of Textile Waste
12.3.1.1 Pre-Consumer Waste
12.3.1.2 Post-Consumer Waste
12.3.1.3 Deadstock
12.4 Recycling Technologies
12.5 Benefits of Using Recycled Waste in Technical Textiles
12.6 Application of Recycled Waste in Technical Textiles
12.6.1 Recycled Fibers in Apparel and Clothing
12.6.2 Hometech
12.6.3 Protech
12.6.4 Pack-Tech
12.6.5 Agrotech
12.6.6 Automotive Textiles
12.6.6.1 Recycled Polyester
12.6.6.2 Recycled Nylon
12.6.6.3 Recycled Cotton
12.6.6.4 Recycled Leather Alternatives
12.6.6.5 Recycled Insulation Materials
12.6.7 Geotextiles and Construction
12.6.8 Medical Textiles
12.6.9 Smart Textiles
12.7 Environmental and Economic Impact
12.8 Conclusion
References
13. Nano-Engineered Protective Textiles Using Recycled Wastes
Rupayan Roy and Pravin P. Chavan
List of Abbreviations
13.1 Introduction
13.1.1 Overview of Protective Textiles and Their Applications
13.1.2 Challenges and Limitations of Current Protective Textile Materials
13.1.3 Introduction to the Concept of Using Recycled Waste Materials for Textile Production
13.1.4 Advantages and Benefits of Nano-Engineering in Protective Textiles
13.2 Recycled Waste Materials for Protective Textiles
13.3 Nano-Engineering in Protective Textiles
13.3.1 Nanofibers in Protective Textiles
13.3.2 Nanoparticles in Protective Textiles
13.3.3 Nanocoatings in Protective Textiles
13.4 Characterization of Nano-Engineered Protective Textiles Using Recycled Wastes
13.4.1 Methods for Analyzing and Testing the Properties of Protective Textiles
13.5 Applications of Nano-Engineered Protective Textiles Using Recycled Wastes
13.5.1 Recycling of Textile Waste
13.5.2 Nano-Engineering of Protective Textiles
13.5.3 Applications of Nano-Engineered Protective Textiles Using Recycled Waste
13.6 Future Prospects and Challenges
13.6.1 Opportunities and Potential for Further Research and Development in Nano-Engineered Protective Textiles Using Recycled Waste
13.6.2 Challenges and Limitations to Overcome for Wider Adoption and Commercialization of These Textiles
13.6.3 Conclusion
References
14. Advanced Application of Recycled Textile Generated from Waste in Military Application Using Nanotechnology
Rohit Rai and Prodyut Dhar
List of Abbreviations
14.1 Introduction
14.2 Types and Sources of Waste
14.3 Fiber Waste Recycling Procedures
14.3.1 Fiber Spotting and Sorting
14.3.2 Size Reduction
14.3.3 Mechanical Separation
14.3.4 Dissolution Technique
14.4 Approaches in Fiber Recycling
14.4.1 Melt Processing
14.4.2 Polymer Depolymerization
14.4.3 Ionic Liquid (IL) Extraction
14.5 Textile Modification with Nanotechnology for Military Applications
14.5.1 Nanofiber-Based Military Clothing
14.5.2 Nanotube-Based Fibers and Yarns
14.5.3 Polymer Nanocomposite Fibers and Yarns
14.6 Defense Applications of Nanotechnology-Based Textiles
14.6.1 Smart Uniforms
14.6.2 Signature Reduction
14.6.3 Ballistic Protection
14.6.4 Fire-Retardant Fabrics
14.6.5 Nanocomposites for Protection From Biological/Chemical Hazards
14.6.6 Decontaminating, Healing, and Self-Cleaning Fabrics
14.6.7 Fabrics with Energy Storage and Sensing Properties
14.7 Utilization of Sustainable Nanotextiles for Military Applications
14.7.1 Nanocellulose Applications for Military Packaging
14.7.2 Application of Nanocellulose for Military Textiles
14.8 Conclusions
References
Part IV: Quality Control and Regulatory Aspects of Advanced Nano Textile Material with Respect to Industries
15. Global Legislation, Schemes and Standards to Control Environmental Concern for Textile-Generated Waste
Shambhavi Sharma, Muhammad Jahanzaib, Jooyeon Lee and Duckshin Park
15.1 Introduction
15.1.1 Background and Significance
15.2 Textile Industry and Environmental Impact
15.2.1 Growth of the Textile Industry
15.2.2 Environmental Concerns of Textile-Generated Waste
15.2.3 Need for Legislative Interventions
15.3 Global Legislation for Textile Waste Management
15.3.1 Basel Convention
15.3.2 Extended Producer Responsibility (EPR) Laws
15.3.3 Waste Management and Recycling Acts
15.3.4 Import and Export Restrictions
15.3.5 Case Studies: Legislative Approaches in Different Countries
15.4 International Schemes and Initiatives
15.4.1 Sustainable Apparel Coalition (SAC)
15.4.2 Better Cotton Initiative (BCI)
15.4.3 Zero Discharge of Hazardous Chemicals (ZDHC)
15.4.4 The Fashion Pact
15.4.5 Global Recycle Standard (GRS)
15.5 Standards and Certifications
15.5.1 OEKO-TEX Standard
15.5.2 Cradle-to-Cradle (C2C) Certification
15.5.3 Global Organic Textile Standard (GOTS)
15.5.4 ISO Standards for Environmental Management
15.6 Challenges and Limitations
15.6.1 Enforcement and Compliance Challenges
15.6.2 Lack of Global Consistency
15.6.3 Technological and Infrastructural Barriers
15.6.4 Economic Implications for Industry Players
15.7 Benefits and Impacts of Legislation and Standards
15.7.1 Reduction in Environmental Footprint
15.7.2 Stimulating Innovation and Research
15.7.3 Economic Advantages and Market Access
15.7.4 Improved Consumer Awareness and Perception
15.7.5 Social and Ethical Impact
15.8 Case Studies
15.8.1 Sweden’s Textile Recycling Act
15.8.2 China’s Green Fence Policy
15.8.3 Patagonia’s Sustainable Practices
15.9 Future Prospects and Recommendations
15.9.1 Strengthening Global Collaboration
15.9.2 Integrating Circular Economy Principles
15.9.3 Investing in Research and Development
15.9.4 Education and Awareness Campaigns
15.9.5 Policy and Incentive Frameworks
15.10 Conclusion
Acknowledgments
References
16. Prevailing Eco-Parameters and Protocols for Nanotechnology in the Textile Industry
Sanduru Sai Keerthana, Vivek Dave and Prashansa Sharma
List of Abbreviations
16.1 Introduction
16.2 Environmental Implications of Nanotechnology
16.2.1 Environmental Influence of Nanomaterials
16.2.2 Toxicity of Nanomaterials
16.3 Industrial Use of Nanotechnology in Textiles
16.4 A Brief Note on Textile Recycling
16.4.1 Textile Recycling
16.4.2 The Importance of Textile Recycling
16.4.3 Process of Textile Recycling
16.5 An Overview of the Industrial Process in Textile Industry
16.6 Textile Waste and Its Environmental Problems
16.7 Pollution Output
16.8 Restricted Substances
16.9 Protocols for Industrial Use of Nanotechnology
16.10 Nanotechnology-Based Textiles and Nano-Safety Concerns
16.11 Regulation Methods for Nanomaterials
16.11.1 Elimination
16.11.2 Substitution
16.11.3 Engineering Controls
16.11.3.1 Ventilation Controls
16.11.3.2 Non-Ventilation Controls
16.11.4 Administrative Controls
16.12 Principles for the Safe Handling of Nanomaterials
16.13 Risk Management and Assurance in Quality for Nano-Coated Textile Products
16.14 Good Practices and Test Guidelines
16.15 Applications for Nanotextiles
16.15.1 Sports Wear
16.15.2 Electronic Textiles
16.15.3 Medical Fabrics
16.15.4 Military Outfits
16.15.5 Protective Garments
16.15.6 Climatic Control Garments
16.16 Conclusion
References
Index

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