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Intelligent Robots and Cobots

Industry 5.0 Applications

Edited by V. Ramasamy, S. Balamurugan and Sheng-Lung Peng
Series: Industry 5.0 Transformation Applications
Copyright: 2025   |   Expected Pub Date:January 30, 2025//
ISBN: 9781394198177  |  Hardcover  |  
434 pages

One Line Description
The book provides a comprehensive study of how new technological advances utilize robots and Cobots (collaborative robots that work safely alongside humans) to increase manufacturing efficiency.

Audience
The book’s primary audience is researchers and post-graduate students in robotics and cobots, industrial engineers, production and manufacturing engineers working on artificial intelligence and logistics.

Description
Industry 5.0 focuses on using collaborative robots, or cobots, enabling users to design with greater freedom. This book, structured into 18 chapters and three sections - Fundamentals; Applications; and Challenges – reflect the current and emerging market trends that shape industrial growth. Each chapter explores how businesses incorporating hardware and software like AI, cognitive computing, blockchain, IIoT, and more—are capitalizing on these innovations to maintain a competitive edge. The research and development in the areas of technology has increased the cost-effectiveness and acceptance of these IoT-enabled devices in many different industries. Various sectors including manufacturing, healthcare, transportation, and agriculture sectors, have begun incorporating robots and cobots into their operations. They are aiming to increase their productivity, reduce the downtime of their equipment, and optimize resource utilization.
The individual chapters examine the following subjects:
Investigation on Deployment of Microservices for Swarm Intelligence of Collaborative Robots
Cobot-Aided System for Hydroponically Grown Plants
Low/No-Code Software Development of Cobots Using Advanced Graphical User Interface
Role of Cobots Over Industrial Robots in Industry 5.0 Activities
Cobot Collaboration in the Healthcare Industry
Robotic Arm for Industry Automation
Artificial Intelligence–Driven Cobots for Innovative Industry 5.0 Workforce Comprehensive Analysis on Design, Working, and Manufacturing of Soft Robots Workforce for Industry 5.0: The Work of Future and the Future of Work
Security Issues and Trends of Industrial Robots and Cobots
Aviation Bots for Decongesting Airports
Self-Contained Study and Evolution of Cobots in Intelligent Transportation Systems
Smart Architecture for Data Analytics in Collaborative Robots
Contribution of Blockchain Technology for the Cobot’s Cybersecurity Issues Security Issues and Trends of Industrial Robots and Cobots
Cloud-Based Cobots for Industry 5.0: A Human-Centric Solution
Future Workforce for Industry 5.0

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Author / Editor Details
Ramasamy V., PhD, is an associate professor in the Department of CSE at Vel Tech Rangarajan Dr. Sagunthala R&D Institute of Science and Technology (Deemed to be University), Chennai, Tamilnadu, India. He obtained his doctorate in computer science from Anna University, Chennai in 2021. His areas of interest include mobile cloud computing, IoT, data science, artificial intelligence and data mining. He is the author of several scholarly research papers in national and international journals and conferences. He has edited several books and guest-edited journal special issues.

S. Balamurugan, PhD, is the Director of Research and Development, Intelligent Research Consultancy Services (iRCS), Coimbatore, Tamilnadu, India. He is also Director of the Albert Einstein Engineering and Research Labs (AEER Labs), as well as Vice-Chairman, Renewable Energy Society of India (RESI), India. He has published 50+ books, 200+ international journals/ conferences, and 35 patents.

Sheng-Lung Peng, PhD, is a professor in the Department of Creative Technologies and Product Design, National Taipei University of Business, Taiwan. He is an honorary professor of Beijing Information Science and Technology, University of China, and a supervisor of the Chinese Information Literacy Association and of the Association of Algorithms and Computation Theory. He has published more than 120 international journal and conference papers.

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Table of Contents
Preface
Acknowledgement
Part 1: Fundamentals
1. Cobots for Industry 5.0 Transformation
Ahmed F. Siddiqui, Aditya J. Paul, Sushruta Mishra and S. Balamurugan
1.1 Introduction
1.2 Related Works
1.3 IoT for Industries
1.4 Issues with Cobots in Industry 5.0
1.5 Cobots in Industries
1.6 Automation and Cobots
1.7 Conclusion
References
2. Cobots as an Enabling Technique for Industry 5.0: A Conceptual Framework
Swati Lipsa and Ranjan Kumar Dash
2.1 Introduction
2.2 Industry 5.0 at a Glance
2.3 Industry 4.0 vs. Industry 5.0
2.4 Key Differences Between Robots and Cobots
2.5 Cobots as an Enabling Technique for Industry 5.0
2.6 The Contribution of Cobots Across Different Sectors
2.6.1 Manufacturing
2.6.2 Healthcare
2.6.3 Packaging
2.6.4 Aerospace and Electronics
2.6.5 Textile
2.6.6 Agriculture
2.6.7 Construction
2.6.8 Logistics
2.6.9 Automotive
2.6.10 Food Processing
2.7 A Conceptual Cobot–Based Cyber-Physical System
2.7.1 Need for Cobot: Problem Formulation and its Analysis
2.7.2 Synthesizing Cobot: Characteristics of Design
2.7.3 Cobot Selection
2.7.4 Selection of the Gripper
2.7.5 Tentative Design Proposal, Simulation, Conditional Prediction, and Evaluation
2.7.6 Design of Cobot as a Multi-Perspective System Viewpoint
2.8 The Risk and Security Issues with Respect to Cobots and Their Mitigations
2.8.1 Safety-Rated Monitored Stop
2.8.2 Hand-Guiding
2.8.3 Speed and Separation Monitoring
2.8.4 Power and Force Limitation
2.9 Conclusion
References
3. Role of Cobots and Industrial Robots in Industry 5.0
M. Makeshkumar, M. Sasi Kumar, J. Anburaj, S. Ramesh Babu, E. Vembarasan and R. Sanjiv
3.1 Introduction
3.2 Role of Cobots
3.3 Programming Flowchart
3.3.1 Steps Involved
3.4 Objectives of Research in Cobots
3.5 Capabilities and Features of Cobots for Industrial Applications
3.6 Industrial Developments and Different Degrees of Collaboration by Cobots
3.7 Cobot Applications
3.7.1 Assembly
3.7.2 Pick and Place
3.7.3 Packaging and Palletizing
3.7.4 Quality Control
3.7.5 Welding
3.8 Challenges Faced by Cobots
3.9 Economic Impact of Cobots
3.10 Components Required
3.10.1 Robot Arm
3.10.2 End Effector
3.10.3 Sensors
3.10.4 Control System
3.10.5 Power Source
3.10.6 Communication System
3.10.7 Mounting Structure
3.10.8 Mobility
3.11 Integration of Cobots with Other Technologies
3.12 Discussion
3.13 Future Scope
3.14 Conclusion
References
4. The Evolution of Cobots in Intelligent Transportation Systems
Rahul Jethwa, Rohit Raj Pradhan, Sushruta Mishra and S. Balamurugan
4.1 Introduction
4.2 Uncovering Challenges in Intelligent Transportation System
4.3 The Role and Application of Cobots in Manufacturing and Logistics
4.4 Advancing Technologies Facilitating Robot and Cobot Operations in Intelligent Transportation Systems
4.5 Redefining Smart Transportation: The Synergy of Robotics, Cobots, and Predictive Analytics in ITS
4.5.1 Enhancing Urban Mobility with Robotic-Enabled Route Optimization
4.5.2 Revolutionizing Parking Efficiency with Robotic and Cobot Assistance
4.5.3 Enhancing Street Lighting with Robotic and Cobot Integration
4.5.4 Robotic Intervention in Accident Detection and Prevention
4.5.5 Robotic Solutions for Road Anomalies Detection
4.5.6 Advanced Vehicle Tracking or Transportation Monitoring
4.6 A Comparative Analysis of Cobot and Predictive Protocols in Enhancing Safety and Sustainability in ITS
4.6.1 Advancing Eco-Friendly Transportation Through Robotic and Cobot Integration
4.6.2 Robotic and Cobot Enhanced Collision Avoidance in Traffic
4.6.3 Revolutionizing Transportation: Robotic-Driven Autonomous Vehicles
4.7 Advanced Analytics and Insights in Intelligent Transportation Systems
4.7.1 Robotic-Enhanced Traffic Detection
4.7.2 Advanced Road/Lane Detection with Robot
4.7.3 Elevating Precision in Navigation
4.7.4 Cobot-Driven Vehicle Detection
4.7.5 Robotics and 5G Routing for Transportation
4.7.6 Robotic Traffic Optimization for Efficient Commuting
4.7.7 Robotic Traffic Flow Prediction for Safer Commutes
4.7.8 Robotics and ITS Data Transformation
4.8 Conclusion
References
5. Low/No-Code Software Development of Cobots Using Advanced Graphical User Interface
N. L. Padma Swati, S. Vanshita Gupta, Vallidevi Krishnamurthy, Sujithra @ Kanmani
and Surendiran Balasubramanian
5.1 Introduction
5.1.1 Low/No Code
5.1.2 Analysis of Various Low/No-Code Platform
5.1.2.1 Microsoft Power App
5.1.2.2 Outsystem
5.1.2.3 Kissflow
5.1.2.4 Bubble
5.1.2.5 Mendix
5.2 Cobots
5.2.1 Types of Cobots
5.2.1.1 Uses
5.2.1.2 Advantages of Cobots
5.3 Design of Low/No-Code–Based Cobot Development
5.4 Graphical User Interface Features
5.5 RPA vs. Low Code No Code in Cobot Development: “Low Code or RPA? Who Wins?”
5.5.1 Working of RPA
5.5.2 Cobots and RPA
5.5.3 The Downfall of RPA
5.5.4 Low/No Code’s Edge Over RPA
5.6 Conclusion
5.7 Pros and Cons
5.7.1 Pros of Cobots
5.7.2 Cons of Low/No Code
5.7.3 Cons of Cobots
References
6. Future Workforce for Industry 5.0
Huzina Saheal and Sheikh Sajid Mohammad
6.1 Introduction
6.2 Underlying Principles of Industry 5.0
6.2.1 Human Centricity
6.2.2 Sustainability
6.2.3 Increased Resilience
6.3 Benefits for Workers in Industry 5.0
6.3.1 Reduction of Human-Factor Failures
6.3.2 Safe and Inclusive Work Environment
6.3.3 Job Creation and Better Roles for Human Workers
6.3.4 Empowering Workers
6.4 Challenges for Workers in Industry 5.0
6.5 Industry 5.0 and Employee Skills
6.5.1 Problem Solving
6.5.2 Working with People
6.5.3 Use of Technology and its Development
6.5.4 Self-Management
6.5.5 Cross-Disciplinary Skills
6.6 Issues Related to Integration of Robots into Organizations
6.6.1 Learning to Work with Robots
6.6.2 Issues Relating to Laws and Regulations
6.6.3 Personal Preferences for Utilizing Robots at Work
6.6.4 Negative Attitude Toward Robots Due to Shrinking Human Workforce
6.6.5 Humans Competing with Robots or Robots Complementing Humans
6.6.6 Psychological Consequences of Human–Robot Co-Working
6.6.7 Societal Consequences of Human–Robot Collaboration
6.6.8 The Shifting Functions of Human Resources Departments
6.7 Considerations for Integration of Humans and Smart Machines in Industry 5.0
6.7.1 Augmenting Workforce Through Automation
6.7.2 Select Tasks Carefully
6.7.3 Retrain and Retain
6.7.4 Ensuring Health and Safety
6.8 Reskilling and Upskilling the Workforce for Industry 5.0
6.8.1 Workforce Planning
6.8.2 Skill Shaping
6.8.3 Shifting Skill Profile
6.9 Conclusion
References
Part 2: Applications
7. Intelligent Robots and Cobots: Concepts and Applications for Industry 5.0 Transformation
G. Ganesh Kumar and S. Kanakaprabha
7.1 Introduction
7.1.1 Industry 5.0: Merging Humans and Technology
7.1.2 The Role of Intelligent Robots and Cobots
7.2 Systematic Review
7.3 Concepts of Intelligent Robots and Cobots
7.3.1 Definitions and Differentiation
7.3.2 Characteristics and Capabilities
7.3.3 Human-Centric Design Principles
7.4 Benefits of Intelligent Robots and Cobots
7.4.1 Enhanced Productivity and Efficiency
7.4.2 Improved Safety and Risk Mitigation
7.4.3 Workforce Augmentation and Skill Enhancement
7.4.4 Flexibility and Adaptability
7.5 Application Areas
7.5.1 Manufacturing and Production
7.5.1.1 Collaborative Assembly and Manufacturing Processes
7.5.1.2 Quality Control and Inspection
7.5.2 Healthcare and Medical Assistance
7.5.2.1 Surgical Assistance and Rehabilitation
7.5.2.2 Elderly and Patient Care
7.5.3 Logistics and Warehouse Automation
7.5.4 Agriculture and Farming
7.5.5 Construction and Infrastructure
7.6 Challenges and Considerations
7.6.1 Safety and Risk Management
7.6.2 Ethical Implications and Human–Machine Interaction
7.6.3 Workforce Transition and Adaptation
7.6.4 Legal and Regulatory Frameworks
7.7 Future Prospects and Impacts
7.7.1 Advancements in Artificial Intelligence and Robotics
7.7.2 Human-Centered Approaches and Collaboration
7.7.3 Socioeconomic Effects and Employment Landscape
7.7.4 Potential Barriers to Adoption
7.8 Conclusion
7.8.1 Recapitulation of Key Points
7.8.2 Future Outlook and Industry 5.0 Transformation
References
8. Artificial Intelligence–Driven Cobots for Innovative Industry 5.0 Workforce
S. K. Manju Bargavi, K. R. Tejashvar and K.R. Tejashwini
8.1 Introduction
8.2 Literature Review
8.3 Revolution of Industry 5.0
8.4 Robotic Collaboration
8.4.1 Widespread Personalization
8.4.2 Productivity and a Novel Human–Machine Connection
8.4.3 New Employment
8.5 Technological Issues with AI in the Cobot Age of Industry 5.0
8.5.1 Real-Time Applications
8.5.2 Current Trends
8.5.3 Future Directions
8.5.3.1 Artificial Intelligence
8.5.3.2 Cobots
8.5.3.3 Cobots in Industry 5.0
8.5.3.4 Benefits of Using AI-Driven Cobots
8.6 Conclusion
References
9. Cobot Collaboration in the Healthcare Industry
V. Gopala Krishnan, R. Jayamurugan, P. Sakthivel and M. Gowtham
9.1 Introduction
9.2 Cobots and Their Role
9.3 Impact of Cobot
9.4 The Challenges of Deploying Cobots at Scale
9.5 Cobot Background
9.6 Benefits of Cobots
9.6.1 Fast Installation
9.6.2 Quickly Programmed
9.6.3 Can be Used in Different Departments
9.6.4 More Consistent and Accurate Than Humans
9.6.5 Positive Effect on Employees
9.6.6 Employees Become Happier in Their Work
9.6.7 Increased Productivity and Process Optimization
9.7 The Need for Cobot Regulation Frameworks
9.8 The Hardware Sector will be Led by Robotic Arms and Sensors
9.9 Testing in Laboratories and Care for Patients Have a Lot of Possibilities
9.10 APAC Significant Gains
9.11 Human Factors and Errors
9.12 Robots Lending a Hand During the COVID-19 Outbreak
9.13 Universal Robots Cobots in Healthcare
9.14 What Role Can Cobots Play in Enhancing Healthcare Brand Experiences?
9.15 The Rise of the Health Companion
9.16 Cobots are Revolutionizing the Field of Medicine
9.16.1 Lab Testing
9.16.2 Patient Care
9.16.3 Surgery
9.17 Manufacturing of Medical Devices
9.18 Applications Outside of Healthcare
9.18.1 Automotive
9.18.2 Fulfillment Centers
9.18.3 Food Service
9.18.4 Industry Predictions
9.19 Next Steps of Cobot
9.19.1 Service Providers
9.19.2 Technology Vendors
9.19.3 Enterprises
9.20 Conclusion
References
10. Robotic Arm for Industry Automation
Sanjeev Vyaas S., Shamsudeen Babu G., Raghulnath S. S., Manikandan P. and
Joel E.
10.1 Introduction
10.2 Robotic Arm and Their Role in Industry
10.3 Desof Robotic Arm
10.4 Construction of Robotic Arm
10.5 Mechanism of a Robotic Arm
10.5.1 Robotic Arm Kinematics
10.5.2 Robotic Arm Control
10.5.3 Robotic Arm Actuators
10.5.4 Robotic Arm Sensor
10.6 Working of Robotic Arm
10.7 How Robotic Arm are Automated
10.8 Industrial Automated Robotic Arm Application
10.9 Future Scope
10.10 Conclusion
References
11. Cloud-Based Cobots for Industry 5.0: A Human-Centric Solution
Arvind Kumar and Richa Vijay
11.1 Introduction
11.2 Web 5.0
11.3 Applications and Benefits of Industry 5.0
11.4 Industry 5.0 Poses the Following Opportunities and Challenges
11.4.1 Challenges of Industry 5.0
11.5 What Does Industry 5.0 Mean for your Strategy?
11.5.1 Human-Driven Approach
11.5.2 Flexibility and Reasonability
11.5.3 Made an Effort Out of People and Machines
11.5.4 Extension in Client Experience and Hyper-Customization
11.6 Understanding the Architecture and Key-Components of a Cloud-Based Cobot System
11.7 A Cloud-Based Cobot System Typically Consists of Several Key Components
11.8 Robot Collaboration Rather Than Competition
11.9 Web 5.0–Enabled Technologies and Cloud-Connected Robots
11.10 Security and Data Privacy Concerns in Cloud-Based Cobot Systems
11.11 6G Mobile Telecommunications
11.12 Case Studies of Successful Implementation of Cloud-Based Cobots in Industry 5.0
11.13 Challenges and Future Considerations for the Integration of Cloud-Based Cobots in Industry 5.0
11.14 Conclusion
References
12. Aviation Bots for Decongesting Airports
Saptarshi Paul
Abbreviations
12.1 Introduction
12.1.1 Aeronautic English
12.1.2 Perspective of NLP in Aviation
12.2 Aviation Resources
12.2.1 Collection of Resources Apart from Regular Sources
12.2.2 Feedback from Passengers (PAX)
12.3 Understanding Real-Time Results
12.4 Resource Sharing and Sourcing
12.4.1 Accessing Online Corpora and Data Repositories
12.4.2 Online Tools and Applications
12.5 Current Aviation Bots and Their Limitations
12.5.1 Airport Terminal Bots
12.5.2 Maintenance Bots
12.5.3 Chatbots
12.5.4 Mailbots
12.5.5 Development of the Bots
12.6 Future Bots in Aviation
12.7 Conclusion
References
Part 3: Challenges
13. Cobot-Aided System for Hydroponically Grown Plants
Oliver Joel G., B. Jafrin Rosary, Vallidevi Krishnamurthy, Sujithra @ Kanmani and Surendiran Balasubramanian
13.1 Introduction
13.1.1 Advantages of Using Hydroponics
13.1.2 Use of IoT in Hydroponics
13.1.3 Role of Cobots in an IoT-Based Hydroponic System
13.2 Hydroponic System
13.2.1 Types of Hydroponic Systems
13.3 Cobot
13.3.1 Types of Cobots
13.3.2 Advantages of Cobots
13.4 Cobot-Aided Hydroponic System
13.4.1 Workflow of the Proposed Cobot-Aided Hydroponic System
13.4.2 Novelty and Contributions
13.5 iPONICS: IoT-Based Monitoring and Control System for Hydroponics Greenhouses
13.6 Existing Literature
13.6.1 Smart Hydroponics
13.6.2 IoT in Hydroponic Systems
13.6.3 Cobots in Industry 4.0
13.6.4 Human–Robot Collaboration (HRC) Applications
13.6.5 Literature Survey
13.7 IoT-Cobot Integrated System Architecture
13.7.1 Data Collection Using IoT Sensors
13.7.2 Data Processing and Algorithm to Determine the Point of Regulation
13.7.3 Receipt of the Trigger
13.7.4 Regulation by the Cobot
13.8 Results
13.9 Conclusion
References
14. Data Analytics and Collaborative Robots in Smart Territory: Research Methodology, Applications, and Open Challenges
Bipradeep Biswas, Sushruta Mishra and S. Balamurugan
14.1 Introduction
14.2 Advancements in Data Analytics for Collaborative Robots
14.3 Challenges in Analysis of the Sensory Data
14.4 Research Gaps in Cobot-Enabled Data Analytics
14.5 Research Methodology in Cobot-Driven Data Analytics
14.6 Deployment of Tools and Techniques in Context-Aware Cobots
14.7 Provisions of Smart Architecture for Data Analytics in Collaborative Robots
14.8 Advanced Sensory-Based Framework for Big Data Analytics
14.9 Taxonomical Categorization of Collaborative Cobots
14.10 Use Cases of Cobots and Data Analytics
14.11 Futuristic Opportunities in Data Analytics for Collaborative Robots
14.12 Conclusion
References
15. Comprehensive Analysis on Design, Working, and Manufacturing of Soft Robots
Mithun N. S., Saravanagowri S. P., Sashankh V. R., Rithish Hari G., Nithish Kumar S., Saravanan B. K. and Ramesh Babu S.
15.1 Introduction
15.2 Design of Soft Robots
15.3 Working and Control of Soft Robots
15.4 Composite Soft Robots
15.5 Graphene Oxide Soft Robots
15.6 Application in Minimally Invasive Surgery
15.7 Challenges of Soft Robots
15.8 Future Scope and Development
15.9 Conclusion
References
16. Investigation on Deployment of Microservices for Swarm Intelligence of Collaborative Robots
Abhijit Bora, Jonti Deori and Uzzal Sharma
16.1 Introduction
16.2 Related Work
16.3 Objective and Focus of the Work
16.4 Experimental Arrangement
16.5 Reliability Assessment
16.6 Overall Discussion
16.7 Conclusion
References
17. Security Issues and Trends of Industrial Robots and Cobots
Samikshya Sarangi, Aswani Kumar Cherukuri, S. Chandramouliswaran, Annapurna Jonnalgadda and Firuz Kamalov
17.1 Introduction
17.2 Cobots and Industrial Bots
17.2.1 Industrial Robots
17.2.2 Industry 4.0 and Beyond
17.2.3 Cobots
17.2.4 Other Bots
17.2.5 Potential Use Cases
17.3 Security of Cobots and Other Bots
17.3.1 Threat Landscape
17.3.2 Attack Surface
17.3.3 Attack Tree for Cobots
17.4 Mitigation Strategies
17.4.1 Security Mechanisms
17.4.2 Security Standards
17.4.3 Security Policies
17.5 Conclusions
References
18. Blockchain Technology for the Cobot’s Cybersecurity Issues
B. Manikandan, G. Ganesh Kumar, S. Kanakaprabha, R. Vijaya Kumar Reddy and R. Janani
18.1 Introduction
18.2 Literature Review
18.3 Introduction to Cybersecurity
18.4 Cybersecurity Challenges
18.4.1 Cybersecurity Challenges in Cobots
18.5 Introduction to Blockchain Technology
18.6 Security Features of Blockchain in Cobot’s Cybersecurity
18.7 Application Areas
18.8 Challenges and Considerations Cobot’s Cybersecurity
18.9 Conclusion
References
Index

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