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Nanochitosan Applications for Enhanced Crop Production and Food Security

Edited by Charles Oluwaseun Adetunji, Maulin P. Shah, Yerima Mohammed Bello, Daniel Hefft, Jay Singh, Shyam S. Pandey, Ravindra Pratap Singh
Copyright: 2025   |   Expected Pub Date:2025/03/25
ISBN: 9781394212576  |  Hardcover  |  
436 pages

One Line Description
This unique, important, and timely book provides detailed information about the application of nanochitosan to increase agricultural productivity to enhance food security and nutrition.

Audience
Researchers, scientists, and graduate students in agriculture, crop science, agricultural biotechnology, and agricultural engineering applications of nanochitosan, as well as policymakers, entrepreneurs, and investors in agriculture and food security.

Description
Readers will find in Nanochitosan Applications for Enhanced Crop Production and Food Security detailed state-of-the-art information including:
• The modes of action through which nanochitosan perform numerous biological activities
• Details of state-of-the-art information and recent advancements in the application of nanochitosan, including targeted delivery, genetic manipulation, antimicrobial uses, curing infections in plants, controlled delivery of biologically active constituents, applications in the evaluation of carbon dioxide concentrations and humidity in controlled greenhouse environments, and their use as pressure sensors in agrichemical spraying equipment
• Information on applying nanochitosan as a biofertilizer and bioinsecticide when applied on seeds and for foliar spraying of agricultural crops, soil amendment, and protection against pathogens and pests.
• Explores the application of nanochitosan in the manufacturing of nanosensors in precision farming in the determination of crop growth, condition of soils, penetration of agrochemicals, diseases, and the level of environmental pollution to ensure a high level of safety for plant and soil health.

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Author / Editor Details
Charles Oluwaseun Adetunji, PhD, is a professor in the Department of Microbiology at the Edo University Iyamho, in Edo State, Nigeria. Currently, he is the Director of Intellectual Properties and Technology Transfer. He has published more than 600 papers in peer-reviewed national and international journals as well as more than 50 books, 340 book chapters, and many scientific patents.

Maulin P. Shah, PhD, is the Chief Scientist and Head of the Industrial Wastewater Research Lab at Enviro Technology Ltd., Ankleshwar, Gujarat, India. He has published over 200 research publications in national and international journals. In addition to his authored works, he has edited over 65 books and serves as an editor and reviewer for over 150 journals.

Mohammed Bello Yerima, PhD, is the Academic Deputy Vice-Chancellor at Sokoto State University, Dangeda, Nigeria with over 26 years of research and teaching experience. He has published over 60 peer-reviewed articles in national and international journals as well as over 90 conference and workshop papers.

Daniel Ingo Hefft is a food engineer specializing in food process design and engineering. He lectures in food sciences and agriculture at various institutions and has been awarded research fellowships with the University of Birmingham, UK. Additionally, he has authored over 30 papers in internationally recognized books and journals. He is also the founder of Rheality Ltd., a company using a novel technology based on acoustic sensing and machine learning for rheology measurements.

Jay Singh, PhD, is an assistant professor in the Department of Chemistry, Institute of Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India. He has published over 80 international research papers and authored more than 15 book chapters and several books.

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Table of Contents
Preface
1. The Role of Nanomaterials in Agriculture as Nanofertilizers
Wuna Muhammad Muhammad, Abdulqadir Bala Ibrahim, Job Oloruntoba Samuel, Ahmadu Shekwaga Khalifa, Oluwafemi Adebayo Oyewole, Charles Oluwaseun Adetunji, Eniola K. I. T., Mohammed Bello Yerima and John Tsado Mathew
1.1 Introduction
1.2 Nanotechnology in Agriculture
1.3 Nanomaterials
1.3.1 Nanoparticles
1.3.1.1 Properties of Nanoparticles
1.3.1.2 Synthesis of Nanoparticles
1.3.2 Application of Nanotechnology in Agriculture
1.3.2.1 Application of Nanotechnology in Precision Farming
1.3.2.2 Nanosensors
1.3.2.3 Nanotechnology in Water Management
1.3.2.4 Biosensors to Detect Nutrients and Contaminants
1.3.2.5 Nanotechnology to Improve Quality of Soil and Fertilizer Distribution
1.3.2.6 Nanotechnology to Control Plant Diseases
1.3.2.7 Nanofertilizers
1.3.2.8 Nanostructured Formulation Reduce Nutrients Loss Into Soil by Leaching
1.3.2.9 Application of Nanotechnology in Seed Science
1.4 Nanofertilizers
1.4.1 Types of Nanofertilizers
1.4.2 Uptake and Accumulation Mechanisms of Nanofertilizers from Soil to Plants
1.4.3 Synthesis of Nanofertilizers
1.4.4 Characterization of Nanofertilizers
1.4.5 Advantages of Nanofertilizers
1.4.6 Limitations of Nanofertilizers
1.5 Conclusion
References
2. Synthesis of Nano-Chitosan Using Agricultural Waste
Konjerimam Ishaku Chimbekujwo, Japhet Gaius Yakubu, Isibor Patrick Omoregie, Oluwafemi Adebayo Oyewole, Wuna Muhammad Muhammad, Charles Oluwaseun Adetunji, Eniola K. I. T., Mohammed Bello Yerima and John Tsado Mathew
2.1 Introduction
2.2 Different Sources of Agricultural Waste
2.2.1 Shell Wastes
2.2.2 Livestock Wastes
2.2.3 Crop Residues
2.2.4 Agricultural Industry Wastes
2.2.5 Nanomaterial Synthesis Using Agro-Waste
2.2.6 Chitin
2.2.7 Chitosan Nanoparticles
2.2.8 Properties of Nano-Chitosan
2.3 Synthesis of Nano-Chitosan
2.3.1 Nano-Precipitation
2.3.2 Drying Through Spraying
2.3.3 The Gelation Ionotropic Technique
2.3.4 Droplet Emulsion Coalescence and Solvent Emulsion Diffusion
2.3.5 Reverse Micelles
2.3.6 Polyelectrolyte Complex (PEC)
2.3.7 Biological Synthesis
2.3.8 Biogenic Synthesis of Nano-Chitosan Over Other Nanoparticles
2.3.9 Chitosan Nanoparticle Characterization
2.3.10 Nano-Chitosan Applications
2.3.10.1 In Agriculture
2.3.10.2 Biomedicals
2.3.10.3 Industry
2.4 Conclusion
References
3. Reduction of Agricultural Greenhouse Gas Emissions by Nanochitosan
Isibor Patrick Omoregie, Samuel Adeniyi Oyegbade, Oluwafemi Adebayo Oyewole and Charles Oluwaseun Adetunji
3.1 Introduction
3.2 Types of Greenhouse Gases Emitted in Agriculture
3.3 Environmental and Economic Consequences of Greenhouse Gases
3.4 Nanochitosan as a Potential Mitigation Strategy
3.5 Mechanisms of Action for Emission Reduction
3.6 Crop Yield and Quality
3.6.1 Collaborative Stakeholder Engagement
3.6.2 Promoting Sustainable Farming Practices
3.7 Limitations and Future Research Directions
3.8 Conclusion and Recommendations
References
4. The Application of Nanochitosan Biopesticides as a Replacement to Synthetic Pesticides
Suleiman Imam Malik, Konjerimam Ishaku Chimbekujwo, Abdulmajid Musa Maku, Oluwafemi Adebayo Oyewole, Isibor Patrick Omoregie, Charles Oluwaseun Adetunji, Eniola K. I. T., Mohammed Bello Yerima and John Tsado Mathew
4.1 Introduction
4.2 Nanochitosan
4.2.1 Properties of Nanochitosan
4.2.2 Synthesis of Nanochitosan
4.2.2.1 Emulsion Cross-Linking
4.2.2.2 Reverse Micellar Method
4.2.2.3 Precipitation Method
4.2.2.4 Ionic Gelation
4.2.3 Preparation of Nanochitosan
4.2.4 Application of Nanochitosan in Agriculture
4.3 Efficacy of Nanochitosan Compared to Synthetic Pesticides
4.3.1 Nanochitosan’s Mechanism of Action Against the Pathogens
4.3.2 Bioactivity of Nanochitosan as a Biopesticide
4.3.3 Environmental Benefits of Nanochitosan
4.4 Challenges and Future Prospects for the Use of Chitosan Nanoparticles as Biopesticides
4.5 Conclusion
4.6 Recommendations
References
5. The Use of Nanochitosan for Enhancement in the Quality and Yield of Fruit Crops
Ruth Ebunoluwa Bodunrinde, Konjerimam Ishaku Chimbekujwo, Oluwafemi Adebayo Oyewole, Charles Oluwaseun Adetunji, Abel Inobeme, Eniola K. I. T., Mohammed Bello Yerima and John Tsado Mathew
5.1 Introduction
5.2 Chitosan
5.3 The Impact of Chitosan NPs on the Growth and Yields of Some Fruit Crops
5.3.1 Cucumber
5.3.2 Tomato
5.3.3 Mango
5.3.4 Orange
5.4 Application of Chitosan Nanoparticles (ChNPs)
5.4.1 In Agriculture
5.4.2 Plant Growth Enhancement and Increased Productivity
5.4.3 Biocides Against Plant Pathogens and Pests
5.5 Other Potential Use of Nanochitosan for Enhancing Fruit Crops
5.5.1 Enhanced Disease Resistance
5.5.2 Improved Nutrient Absorption
5.5.3 Stress Tolerance
5.5.4 Post-Harvest Preservation
5.5.5 Environmental Impact
5.6 Conclusion
References
6. Application of Nanochitosan for Effective Fruit Production
Ibrahim Dawud, Ruth Ebunoluwa Bodunrinde, Oluwafemi Adebayo Oyewole, Charles Oluwaseun Adetunji, Abel Inobeme, Eniola K. I. T., Mohammed Bello Yerima
and John Tsado Mathew
6.1 Introduction
6.2 Mechanism of Action
6.3 Fruits
6.3.1 Economic Importance of Fruits
6.3.2 Nanochitosan in Fruits and Fruit Production
6.4 Guidelines in Effective Application of Nanochitosan
6.5 Application of Nanochitosan for Different Fruits
6.6 Conclusion
References
7. Application of Nanochitosan in the Detection of Mycotoxins
Abdulmajid Musa Maku, Suleiman Imam Malik, Tsado Priscilla Yetu, Oyegbade Samuel Adeniyi, Oluwafemi Adebayo Oyewole, Charles Oluwaseun Adetunji, Eniola K. I. T. and Mohammed Bello Yerima
7.1 Introduction
7.2 Nanochitosan
7.2.1 Preparation Methods of Nanochitosan
7.2.1.1 Ionotropic Gelation Method
7.2.1.2 Emulsification and Crosslinking Method
7.2.1.3 Reverse Micellar Method
7.2.1.4 Precipitation-Based Methods
7.2.2 Nanochitosan-Based Sensors for Mycotoxin Detection
7.2.2.1 Surface Plasmon Resonance Technique
7.2.2.2 Colorimetric Assay
7.2.2.3 Chitosan-Based Electrochemical Sensors
7.3 Advantages of Nanochitosan
7.3.1 Disadvantages of Nanochitosan
7.3.2 Factors That Affect Nanochitosan Formation
7.3.2.1 Molecular Weight and Degree of Deacetylation
7.3.2.2 pH
7.3.2.3 Temperature
7.3.2.4 Crosslinker
7.4 Conclusion
7.5 Recommendations
References
8. Application of Nanochitosan in Food Packaging Sectors
Ummulkhair Salamah Ilyasu, Faridah Laraba Tauheed, Sherifat Enejiyon Ozavize, Oluwafemi Adebayo Oyewole, Charles Oluwaseun Adetunji, Eniola K. I. T. and Mohammed Bello Yerima
8.1 The Evolution of Food Packaging
8.2 Standard Food Packaging
8.3 Types of Food Packaging
8.3.1 Primary Packaging
8.3.2 Secondary Packaging
8.3.3 Tertiary Packaging
8.4 Environmental Impacts of Food Packaging
8.5 Significance of Food Packaging
8.6 Current Challenges in the Field of Food Packaging and Sustainability
8.7 Current Scenario of Nanotechnology Application in Food Packaging
8.8 Different Nanoparticles in Food Packaging Applications
8.8.1 Inorganic Nanoparticles in Food Packaging
8.8.2 Organic Nanoparticles in Food Packaging
8.8.2.1 Chitosan
8.8.2.2 Nanochitosan as a Food Packing Material
8.9 Preparation of Chitosan Nanoparticles
8.9.1 Ionic Gelation Method
8.9.2 Reverse Micellar Method
8.9.3 Nano-Based Food Packaging Methods
8.9.3.1 Active Packaging
8.9.3.2 Smart Packaging
8.9.3.3 Intelligent Packaging
8.9.4 Food Application of Chitosan
8.9.4.1 Edible Coating or Film
8.9.4.2 Bread
8.9.4.3 Egg
8.9.4.4 Vegetables and Fruits
8.9.4.5 Juice
8.9.4.6 Meat
8.9.4.7 Milk
8.9.4.8 Noodles
8.9.4.9 Rice Cake
8.9.4.10 Sausage
8.9.4.11 Seafoods and Seafood Products
8.9.4.12 Soybean Curd (Tofu)
8.9.4.13 Vinegar
8.9.5 Other Applications of Chitosan Nanoparticles
8.9.5.1 Medicine and Pharmaceuticals
8.9.5.2 Wastewater Treatment
8.10 Advantages of Nanotechnology in Food Packaging
8.10.1 Nanoparticles Protect Food Quality Decay Caused by Chemicals
8.10.2 Nanoparticles for Enhancing Physical Properties
8.10.3 Nanoparticles for the Detection of Food Borne Pathogens
8.10.4 Nanoparticles for Inhibiting Biofilm Formation
8.10.5 Eco-Friendly
8.11 Conclusion
References
9. Application of Nanochitosan as Food Additive and Preservatives
Samuel Adeniyi Oyegbade, Gbotemi Jerry Oni, Andrew Alalade Kolawole, Tsado Priscilla Yetu, Oluwafemi Adebayo Oyewole, Charles Oluwaseun Adetunji, Eniola K. I. T. and Mohammed Bello Yerima
9.1 Introduction
9.2 Importance of Food Additives and Preservatives in the Food Industry
9.3 Transition to the Application of Nanochitosan in Food Preservation
9.4 Physicochemical Properties of Chitosan
9.4.1 Solubility
9.4.2 Molecular Weight
9.4.3 Degree of Deacetylation
9.4.4 Viscosity
9.5 Mechanisms of Food Spoilage and Preservation
9.6 Application of Nanochitosan as Food Additives
9.6.1 Nanochitosan as a Preservative Agent
9.7 Safety and Regulatory Considerations for Nanochitosan
9.8 Case Studies and Practical Applications of Nanochitosan
9.9 Future Prospects and Challenges
9.10 Conclusion
References
10. Applications of Chitosan Nanocomposites in Packaging of Food Products
Tsado Priscilla Yetu, NengakYunana, Soda Gaius Baga, Innocent Ojeba Musa, Ibrahim Dawud, Oluwafemi Adebayo Oyewole, Charles Oluwaseun Adetunji, Eniola K. I. T. and Mohammed Bello Yerima
10.1 Introduction
10.2 The Chitosan Antimicrobial Potential
10.3 Chitosan Composites for Food Applications
10.3.1 Chitosan Enhanced with Nano-Sized Metals
10.3.1.1 Nano-Sized Zinc Oxide Particles (ZNPs)
10.3.1.2 Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticles (TNPs)
10.3.1.3 Silver Nanoparticles (AgNPs)
10.3.1.4 Silicon Dioxide and Silica Nanoparticles
10.3.1.5 Copper Nanoparticles (CuNPs)
10.3.1.6 Magnesium Nanoparticles (MgNPs)
10.3.1.7 Sulfur Nanoparticles (SNPs)
10.3.1.8 Chitosan Enhanced with Carbon
10.3.2 Polysaccharide-Chitosan Composite
10.3.3 Essential Oil-Chitosan–Based Composite for Food Applications
10.3.4 Gelatin-Chitosan–Based Composite for Food Packaging Applications
10.3.4.1 Application of Gelatin-Based Composites for Packaging Various Food Items
10.3.5 Clay-Chitosan–Based Composite for Food Packaging
10.3.5.1 Food Packaging–Related Applications of Chitosan-Clay Nanocomposites
10.3.6 Polyphenolics-Chitosan–Based Composite for Food Packaging
10.3.7 Polyvinyl Alcohol-Chitosan–Based Composite for Food Packaging
10.4 Conclusion
References
11. Application of Nanochitosan as Biofertilizers for Sustainable Agriculture
Ibrahim Dawud, Ahmad Muhammad Abubakar, Mujahid Hussaini, Sherifat Enejiyon Ozavize, Oluwafemi Adebayo Oyewole, Charles Oluwaseun Adetunji, Eniola K. I. T. and Mohammed Bello Yerima
11.1 Introduction to Nanoparticle and Chitosan
11.2 Nanofertilizers
11.2.1 Types of Nanofertilizers
11.2.1.1 Classification Based on Their Modes of Action
11.2.1.2 Classification Based on Nutrient Constituents
11.2.1.3 Consistency-Based Nanofertilizers
11.2.2 Application of Nanofertilizers
11.2.2.1 Soil Treatment
11.2.2.2 Foliar Spray
11.2.2.3 Seed Nanopriming
11.3 Biofertilizers
11.3.1 Types of Biofertilizers
11.3.1.1 Microbial Biofertilizers
11.3.1.2 Compost Biofertilizers
11.3.2 Application of Biofertilizers
11.3.2.1 Methods of Biofertilizer Application
11.3.3 General Characteristics of Biofertilizers
11.4 Application of Nanochitosan for Sustainable Agricultural Activities
11.4.1 Applications of Nanochitosan in Regulating Abiotic Stress in Plants
11.4.1.1 Salinity Control
11.4.1.2 Drought Stress Control
11.4.1.3 Temperature and Heavy Metal Stress
11.4.1.4 Water Purification for Agricultural Activities
11.5 Conclusion
References
12. Application of Nanochitosan in Plant Growth and Crop Protection
Innocent Ojeba Musa, Job Oloruntoba Samuel, Mustapha Adamu, Oluwafemi Adebayo Oyewole, Charles Oluwaseun Adetunji, Eniola K. I. T. and Mohammed Bello Yerima
12.1 Introduction
12.2 Chitosan-Based Agronanochemicals
12.2.1 Controlled Release Formulations
12.2.2 Plant Growth Promoter
12.3 The Mechanism of Actions of Chitosan Against the Pathogens
12.3.1 Transportation, Translocation, and Uptake of Agronanochemicals in Plant
12.3.2 Phytoprotection, Genoprotection, and Cytoprotection of Chitosan
12.4 Agronanochemicals Pose Adverse Effects on Human Health and Environmental Welfare
12.5 Conclusion
References
13. Chitosan-Based Nanosystems: Antimicrobial Activity in Agrifood Sector
Sherifat Ozavize Enejiyon, Nana Hauwau Ahmad, Rukayat Abidemi Fasasi, Nasiru Usman Adabara, Oluwafemi Adebayo Oyewole, Charles Oluwaseun Adetunji, Eniola K. I. T. and Mohammed Bello Yerima
13.1 Introduction
13.2 Chitosan
13.2.1 Source of Chitosan
13.2.2 Antimicrobial Activity of Chitosan
13.2.3 Chitosan-Based Nanosytem
13.3 Nanotechnology in Agrifood Industry
13.4 Various Forms of Chitosan-Based Nanosystems Used in Agrifood
13.5 Antimicrobial Activity of Chitosan Nanoparticles
13.5.1 Antifungal Activity of Chitosan-Based Nanocomposites
13.5.2 Antibacterial Activity of Chitosan-Based Nanocomposites
13.5.3 Antiviral Activity of Chitosan-Based Nanocomposites
13.6 Mechanisms of Antibacterial Activity of Chitosan-Based Nanocomposites
13.6.1 Disrupting the Cell Membrane/Cell Wall
13.6.2 Formation of a Dense Polymer Film on the Cell Surface
13.6.3 Interaction with Microbial Genetic Material
13.6.4 Chelation of Nutrients by Chitosan
13.7 Mechanism of Antifungal Activity of Chitosan-Based Nanosystems
13.8 Antibiofilm Properties of Chitosan and Chitosan Derivatives
13.9 Applications of Chitosan-Based Nanosystems in Food Preservation
13.10 Toxicology, Safety, and Regulatory Aspects of Nanosystem
13.11 Conclusion
References
14. Significant of Nanochitosan in the Management of Biotic Stress
Willy Barinem Vidona, Charity Willy-Vidona and Charles Oluwaseun Adetunji
14.1 Introduction
14.2 Nanochitosan Compound
14.3 Methods of Preparation
14.4 Significance of Nanochitosan
14.5 Biotic Stress Mechanism
14.6 Management of Biotic Stress Conditions
References
15. Relevance of Nanochitosan in Food Sector and Food Packaging Sectors: Current Trends
John Tsado Mathew, Charles Oluwaseun Adetunji, Abel Inobeme, Abdulfatai Aideye Otori, Musah Monday, Yakubu Azeh, Elijah Yanda Shaba, Muhammad Aishetu Ibrahim, Amos Mamman and Oluwafemi Adebayo Oyewole
15.1 Introduction
15.2 Chitosan Nanoparticles and Food Packaging
15.3 Potential Application of Nanochitosan in Food Packaging
15.4 Nanochitosan in Food Packaging Sector
15.5 Conclusions and Future Perspectives
References
16. Application of Nanochitosan for the Biodegradation of Agricultural Wastes
John Tsado Mathew, Charles Oluwaseun Adetunji, Abel Inobeme, Musah Monday, Yakubu Azeh, Etsuyankpa Muhammad Bini, Abdulfatai Aideye Otori, Isah Mohammed Chado, Elijah Yanda Shaba, Jibrin Noah Akoji, Amos Mamman and Oluwafemi Adebayo Oyewole
16.1 Introduction
16.2 Role of Nanochitosan in Waste Management Nanochitosan
16.3 Unique Properties of Nanochitosan
16.4 Application of Nanochitosan in Agricultural Waste Biodegradation
16.5 Mechanisms of Nanochitosan in Biodegradation
16.6 Nanochitosan-Based Biodegradation Techniques
16.7 Environmental Benefits of Nanochitosan-Based Biodegradation
16.8 Challenges and Future Perspectives of Nanochitosan Biodegradation of Agricultural Wastes
16.8.1 Challenges of Nanochitosan Biodegradation of Agricultural Wastes
16.8.2 Future Perspectives of Nanochitosan Biodegradation of Agricultural Wastes
16.9 Conclusion
References
17. Application of Nanochitosan in the Detection of Pesticide Residues and Degradation
Japhet Gaius Yakubu, Oluwafemi Adebayo Oyewole, Ummulkhair Salamah Ilyasu, Opeyemi Isaac Ayanda and Charles Oluwaseun Adetunji
17.1 Introduction
17.2 Pesticides and Their Chemical Nature
17.2.1 Classification of Synthetic Pesticides and Their Toxic Effect
17.2.1.1 Pyrethroid Pesticides
17.2.1.2 Carbamate Pesticides
17.2.1.3 Organophosphate Pesticides
17.2.1.4 Organochlorine Pesticides (OCPs)
17.3 Properties of Chitosan Nanoparticles
17.3.1 Structure and Natural Origin of Chitin
17.3.2 Chitosan Nanoparticles
17.3.2.1 Properties of Chitosan Nanoparticles
17.3.2.2 Synthesis of Chitosan Nanoparticles
17.3.2.3 Characterization of Chitosan Nanoparticles
17.4 Application of Chitosan in Bioremediation of Pesticide
17.4.1 Nanochitosan in Pesticide Detection and Bioremediation
17.4.2 Mechanism of Nanochitosan-Based Pesticide Detection
17.4.2.1 Colorimetric Sensors
17.4.2.2 Fluorescence Sensors
17.4.2.3 Electrochemical Sensors
17.4.3 Bioremediation of Pesticides Using Chitosan Nanoparticles
17.4.3.1 Nanochitosan-Based Adsorbent
17.4.3.2 Nanochitosan-Based Catalysts
17.4.3.3 Nanochitosan-Based Photocatalysts
17.4.4 Challenges and Limitations of Nanochitosan-Based Pesticide Detection and Degradation Technologies
17.5 Conclusion
17.6 Future Perspective
References
Index

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