-
Browse Book Series
- Adhesion and Adhesives: Fundamental and Applied Aspects
- Advances in Additive Manufacturing Technologies
- Advances in Antenna, Microwave and Communication Engineering
- Advances in Biofeedstocks and Biofuels
- Advances in Cyber Security
- Advances in Data Engineering and Machine Learning
- Advances in Disease Diagnosis, Drug Delivery and Treatment
- Advances in E-Mobility
- Advances in Hydrogen Production and Storage
- Advances in Intelligent and Scientific Computing (AISC)
- Advances in Learning Analytics for Intelligent Cloud-IoT Systems
- Advances in Membrane Processes
- Advances in Nanotechnology and Applications
- Advances in Natural Gas Engineering
- Advances in Pipes and Pipelines
- Advances in Production Engineering
- Advances in Solar Cell Materials and Storage
- Applied Functional Materials
- Artificial Intelligence and Soft Computing for Industrial Transformation
- Astrobiology Perspectives on Life in the Universe
- Bioprocessing in Food Science
- Computational Intelligence and Biomedical Engineering
- Concise Introductions to AI and Data Science
- Cyber Systems and Quantum Engineering
- Decentralized Systems and Next-Generation Internet
- Diatoms: Biology and Applications
- Digital Convergence in Engineering Systems
- Emerging Trends in Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry
- Engineering Systems Design for Sustainable Development
- Fintech in a Sustainable Digital Society
- Industry 5.0 Transformation Applications
- Infectious and Rare Diseases
- Innovations in Materials and Manufacturing
- Leading-Edge Breakthroughs in Artificial Intelligence
- Machine Learning in Biomedical Science and Healthcare Informatics
- Marine Nanoscience and Nanotechnology
- Materials Degradation and Failure
- Mathematics and Computer Science
- Next-Generation Computing and Communication Engineering
- Performability Engineering Series
- Robotics and Automation for Modern Applications
- Rotating Machinery Fundamentals and Advances
- Semiconductor Devices and Their Applications
- Studies in Computational Intelligence and Smart Technologies
- Sustainable Computing and Optimization
- Thermoplastic Bionanocomposites Series
Browse Subject Areas
For Authors
Submit a ProposalBlockchain Technology for the Engineering and Service Sectors
 | Edited by V. Vaishnavi, R. Rajasekar, C. Moganapriya, and P. Sathish Kumar Copyright: 2025 | Expected Pub Date:2025/06/30 ISBN: 9781394238002 | Hardcover | 438 pages |
One Line Description
Blockchain Technology for the Engineering and Service Sectors is essential for anyone looking to understand how to harness blockchain technology, driving innovation and efficiency across various sectors.
Audience
Researchers, engineers, and industry professionals working in research and development to explore the possibilities of blockchain.
Researchers, engineers, and industry professionals working in research and development to explore the possibilities of blockchain.
Description
Blockchain technology stands as one of the most transformative innovations of the 21st century, significantly impacting sectors including finance, manufacturing, and the service industry. Despite its relatively recent emergence, blockchain has the potential to revolutionize a wide array of industries, including tourism, agriculture, healthcare, and automobiles. With the growing interest in decentralized finance, governments and businesses are increasingly investing in research and development to enhance blockchain’s capabilities. As the technology continues to evolve, we can expect even more ground-breaking advancements in the near future.
Blockchain Technology for the Engineering and Service Sectors is designed to provide a comprehensive exploration of blockchain technology, divided into two key areas of study. The first section delves into the history and technical evolution of blockchain, tracing its development from the inception of Bitcoin to its integration with other advanced technologies like the Internet of Things. The second section focuses on the frameworks and applications of blockchain, examining its use across various industries, including supply chain management, tourism, banking, healthcare, and automation. Additionally, the book addresses current challenges, emerging trends, and the future potential of blockchain technology. Through a detailed and structured presentation of these topics, readers will gain a deep understanding and expertise in the field of blockchain technology.
Back to Top
Blockchain technology stands as one of the most transformative innovations of the 21st century, significantly impacting sectors including finance, manufacturing, and the service industry. Despite its relatively recent emergence, blockchain has the potential to revolutionize a wide array of industries, including tourism, agriculture, healthcare, and automobiles. With the growing interest in decentralized finance, governments and businesses are increasingly investing in research and development to enhance blockchain’s capabilities. As the technology continues to evolve, we can expect even more ground-breaking advancements in the near future.
Blockchain Technology for the Engineering and Service Sectors is designed to provide a comprehensive exploration of blockchain technology, divided into two key areas of study. The first section delves into the history and technical evolution of blockchain, tracing its development from the inception of Bitcoin to its integration with other advanced technologies like the Internet of Things. The second section focuses on the frameworks and applications of blockchain, examining its use across various industries, including supply chain management, tourism, banking, healthcare, and automation. Additionally, the book addresses current challenges, emerging trends, and the future potential of blockchain technology. Through a detailed and structured presentation of these topics, readers will gain a deep understanding and expertise in the field of blockchain technology.
Back to Top
Author / Editor Details
V. Vaishnavi, PhD, is an assistant professor in the Department of Management Studies at Kongu Engineering College, Tamil Nadu, India. She has published over 15 articles in international journals and conference proceedings. Her research interests include agile systems, sustainability, service operations, and blockchain and sustainability in healthcare.
V. Vaishnavi, PhD, is an assistant professor in the Department of Management Studies at Kongu Engineering College, Tamil Nadu, India. She has published over 15 articles in international journals and conference proceedings. Her research interests include agile systems, sustainability, service operations, and blockchain and sustainability in healthcare.
R. Rajasekar, PhD, is a professor and the Head of the Department of Mechanical Engineering, Kongu Engineering College, Tamil Nadu, India. He has over 200 publications, including two patents, several book chapters and articles in journals and conferences of repute. His research interests include polymers, solar, nanocomposites, layer-by-layer assembly, thin film, anti-reflection coating materials, machining, and welding.
C. Moganapriya, PhD, is a post-doctoral researcher in the Department of Mining Engineering at the Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur and an associate professor in the Department of Mechanical Engineering, Kongu Engineering College, Tamil Nadu, India. She has published 20 research articles and 25 book chapters with international publishers. Her research interests include material technology for cutting tool inserts for enhancing tribological performance, hard coating materials, online tool condition monitoring for milling, and ARC coating for solar cells.
P. Sathish Kumar, PhD, is a research associate in the Department of Mining Engineering at the Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, West Bengal, India. He has over 90 publications, including book chapters and research articles in international journals of repute. His research interests include material characterization, coatings, and mechanical and tensile testing.
Back to Top
Table of Contents
Preface
1. Decoding the Blocks: A Comprehensive Introduction to Blockchain
Vaishnavi Vadivelu, R. Rajasekar and Mogana Priya Chinnasamy
1.1 Introduction
1.2 The Evolution of Blockchain
1.2.1 Development of Blockchain Generation
1.3 Exploring the Peculiar Characteristics of Blockchain
1.4 Structure of Blockchain Technology
1.4.1 Blockchain System Architectures
1.4.2 Consensus Algorithms
1.4.2.1 Proof of Work (PoW)
1.4.2.2 Proof of Stake (PoS)
1.4.2.3 Practical Byzantine Fault Tolerance (PBFT)
1.4.2.4 Delegated Proof of Stake (DPoS)
1.4.2.5 Federated Byzantine Agreement (FBA)
1.4.2.6 Proof of Authority (PoAu)
1.4.2.7 Proof of Elapsed Time (PoET)
1.4.2.8 Proof of Activity (PoAc)
1.4.2.9 Proof of Burn (PoB)
1.4.2.10 Proof of Capacity (PoC)
1.4.3 Smart Contracts
1.4.4 Cryptography for Blockchain
1.4.4.1 Public Key Cryptography
1.4.4.2 Zero-Knowledge Proofs
1.4.4.3 Hash Functions
1.5 Types of Blockchain
1.5.1 Necessity for Different Types of Blockchain
1.5.2 Permissionless vs. Permissioned Blockchains
1.5.3 Public Blockchain
1.5.3.1 Advantages of Public Blockchain
1.5.3.2 Disadvantages of Public Blockchain
1.5.4 Private Blockchain
1.5.4.1 Advantages of Private Blockchain
1.5.4.2 Disadvantages of Private Blockchain
1.5.5 Hybrid Blockchain
1.5.5.1 Advantages of Hybrid Blockchain
1.5.5.2 Disadvantages of Hybrid Blockchain
1.5.6 Consortium Blockchain
1.5.6.1 Advantages of Consortium Blockchain
1.5.6.2 Disadvantages of Consortium Blockchain
1.6 Applications of Blockchain
1.6.1 Cryptocurrencies
1.6.2 Finance
1.6.3 Smart Contracts
1.6.4 Education
1.6.5 Healthcare
1.6.6 Insurance
1.6.7 Voting
1.6.8 Cyber Security
1.6.9 Digital Identification
1.6.10 Data Management
1.6.11 Supply Chain Management
1.7 Factor Consideration for Blockchain Adoption
1.7.1 Cultural and Normative
1.7.2 Legislations and Regulations
1.7.3 Governance
1.7.4 Market Structure
1.7.5 Contracts and Agreement
1.7.6 Business Process
1.7.7 Information Exchange and Transfers
1.7.8 Distribution Ledger
1.7.9 Shared Infrastructure
1.8 The Future Research Directions of Blockchain in Information Systems
1.8.1 Blockchain Integration and Transformation
1.8.2 Enterprise Strategic Planning and Implementation
1.8.3 Blockchain and Emerging Companies
1.8.4 Blockchain and Market Structure
1.8.5 B2B, B2C, and C2C Communications and Transactions
1.8.6 Cross-Organizational Governance and Collaborative Cooperation
1.8.7 Blockchain and Low-Carbon Economy
1.9 Conclusion
References
2. Challenges and Opportunities of Blockchain
Merena S. and Poongodi Chinnasamy
2.1 Introduction
2.2 Challenges of Blockchain Technology
2.2.1 Scalability: The TPS Dilemma
2.2.2 Energy Consumption: The Environmental Concerns
2.2.3 Interoperability: Bridging the Gap
2.2.4 Transparency and Privacy: Striking the Balance
2.2.5 Regulatory Uncertainty: Navigation and Legal Landscape
2.2.6 Adoption Barriers: Crossing the Chasm
2.2.7 Smart Contract Vulnerabilities
2.2.8 Phishing and Social Engineering
2.2.9 Centralized Exchanges Hacks
2.2.10 51% Attacks
2.2.11 Physical Theft
2.2.12 User Experience: Bridging the Gap
2.2.13 Complexity
2.2.14 Account Recovery
2.2.15 Inconsistent Terminology
2.2.16 Lack of Standardization
2.2.17 Governance: Decentralized Decision Making
2.2.18 Long-Term Viability: Staying Relevant
2.2.19 Long-Term Sustainability
2.2.20 Legal and Ethical Concerns
2.2.21 Immutable Data Challenge
2.2.22 Resource Management and Scheduling
2.2.23 Transaction Speed
2.2.24 Decentralization
2.2.25 The Ecosystem
2.2.26 Fragmentation and Lack of Interoperability
2.2.27 Scalability Issues
2.2.28 Regulatory Uncertainty
2.2.29 User Experience and Adoption
2.2.30 Security Risks and Vulnerabilities
2.2.31 Tokenomics and Sustainability
2.2.32 Governance and Decision Making
2.2.33 Education and Talent Shortage
2.2.34 Resilience, Irreversibility, Quantum Computing
2.2.35 Irreversibility
2.2.36 Quantum Computing
2.3 Opportunities and the Future of Blockchain Technology
2.3.1 Decentralized Finance (DeFi)
2.3.2 Digital Identity
2.3.3 Supply Chain Management
2.3.4 Smart Contracts
2.3.5 Tokenization of Assets
2.3.6 Healthcare
2.3.7 Voting and Governance
2.3.8 Intellectual Property and Content Distribution
2.3.9 Energy and Sustainability
2.3.10 Cross-Border Payments
2.3.11 Education and Credentials
2.3.12 IoT and Data Security
2.3.13 Legal and Governance Frameworks
2.4 Applications of Blockchain by Field
2.5 Summary
References
3. Blockchain–SDN-Based Secure Architecture for Multi-Edge Computing in Industrial IoT
Anass Sebbar, Othmane Cherqi and Faysal Bensalah
3.1 Introduction
3.2 Background and Literature Review
3.2.1 Introduction to Existing Challenges in Industrial IoT with a Focus on Multi-Edge Computing
3.2.2 Blockchain and Software-Defined Networking (SDN) for IIoT
3.2.3 Current State-of-the-Art Solutions and Their Limitations
3.3 The Promise of Blockchain and SDN for Industrial IoT
3.4 Proposed Architecture for Blockchain–SDN-Based Multi-Edge Computing
3.4.1 Design Considerations for Resilience Against DDoS Attacks
3.4.2 Blockchain’s Role in Ensuring Data Availability and Trust Even Under Attack Conditions
3.5 Use Cases and Simulations
3.5.1 Experimental Setup
3.5.2 Results
3.6 Conclusions
References
4. Enhancing Decentralized Privacy Through Integration of Blockchain with IoT for Healthcare Applications
R. Manjula Devi, M. Sangeetha, R. Venkatesan, Lalitha Balasubramanian and P. Keerthika
4.1 Introduction
4.2 Related Work
4.3 Technical Overview of IoT, Blockchain, and Its Integration
4.3.1 IoT
4.3.1.1 Architecture of IoT
4.3.1.2 Architectural Models
4.3.2 Benefits of IoT
4.3.3 Security Challenges of IoT
4.3.4 Blockchain
4.3.5 Integrating IoT and Blockchain
4.4 Implementation Framework: Integrating Blockchain and IoT in Healthcare
4.4.1 Data Collection
4.4.1.1 Wearable Devices
4.4.1.2 Wearable Medical Devices
4.4.1.3 Remote Monitoring Devices
4.4.1.4 Implantable Medical Devices
4.4.2 Data Storage
4.4.3 Healthcare Provider
4.5 Various Applications of Blockchain and IoT in Healthcare
4.5.1 Patient Data Management
4.5.2 Clinical Trials and Research
4.5.3 Drug Traceability and Authentication
4.5.4 Remote Patient Monitoring
4.5.5 Public Surveillance
4.6 Decentralization and Data Privacy of Blockchain and IoT in Healthcare
4.7 Challenges of Using Blockchain in Healthcare-Derived Industrial IoT
4.8 Conclusions
References
5. Blockchain with Cloud Computing
K. Janani, K. Udayakumar, S. Ramamoorthy, G. Ragu and R. Poorvadevi
5.1 Introduction
5.1.1 Contribution of this Survey
5.2 Related Works
5.3 Summary of Resource Allocation Models Based on Blockchain Technology in the Context of Cloud Computing and Decentralized Edge Computing
5.3.1 Blockchain-Powered Cloud Computing
5.3.1.1 Intercommunication
5.3.1.2 Data Security
5.3.1.3 Service Level Agreements
5.3.1.4 Cloud Data Administration
5.3.2 Blockchain Cloud Analytics
5.3.3 Combined Blockchain and Cloud Computing Systems
5.4 Machine Learning Model in Blockchain Technology
5.4.1 Machine Learning Solution with Blockchain
5.5 Benefits of Blockchain for IoT Applications
5.5.1 Cost Saving
5.5.2 Trustworthiness Between Entities
5.5.3 Privacy
5.5.4 Security
5.5.5 Distributed Ledger Technology (DLT)
5.5.5.1 Block Creation
5.5.5.2 Merkle Tree Storage
5.5.5.3 Timestamp
5.5.5.4 Nonce
5.5.5.5 Previous Hash
5.5.6 Blockchain Types
5.5.6.1 Public Blockchain
5.5.6.2 Private Blockchain
5.5.6.3 Consortium Blockchain
5.5.6.4 Smart Contract
5.5.7 Characteristics of Blockchain
5.5.7.1 Distributed
5.5.7.2 Decentralized
5.6 IoT Applications Leveraging Blockchain
5.6.1 Smart Healthcare
5.6.2 Smart Homes
5.6.3 Smart Cities
5.6.4 Supply Chain Management
5.6.5 Smart Vehicle
5.6.6 Smart Grid
5.6.7 Industrial IoT
5.6.8 Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV)
5.7 Security and Privacy Concerns
5.7.1 Transaction Privacy Breach
5.7.2 Private Key Protection
5.7.3 Violation of Privacy Regulations
5.7.4 Selfish Mining
5.7.5 51% Attack
5.7.6 IoT Data Storage
5.7.7 Consensus Algorithm
5.8 Challenges in Blockchain Networks
5.8.1 Scalability Issues
5.8.2 Interoperability Issues
5.8.3 Consensus Mechanism Issues
5.8.4 Smart Contract-Based Issues
5.8.5 Identity Management Issues
5.9 Security Challenges
5.9.1 Consensus Attacks
5.9.2 Smart Contract-Based Attacks
5.9.3 Data Confidentiality
5.9.4 Legal Compliance and Governance
5.10 Conclusions
References
6. Transforming Healthcare: The Role of Blockchain Technology
Vaishnavi Vadivelu, Dharmesh Nithil K., Prakash Nachimuthu and Parthasarathy Karthikeyan
6.1 Introduction
6.2 Evolution of Blockchain and Healthcare
6.3 How Blockchain Works in Healthcare
6.3.1 What is Blockchain?
6.3.2 Characteristics of Blockchain
6.3.3 Features of Blockchain in Healthcare
6.3.3.1 Decentralization
6.3.3.2 Transparency
6.3.3.3 Data Provenance
6.3.3.4 Anonymity and Programmability
6.3.3.5 Distributed Ledger and Consensus
6.3.3.6 Immutability
6.4 Mechanisms of Blockchain
6.4.1 Proof of Work (PoW)
6.4.2 Proof of Stake (PoS)
6.4.3 How Blockchain Works in Healthcare
6.5 Applications of Blockchain in Healthcare
6.5.1 Blockchains in Neuroscience
6.5.2 Blockchains in Electronic Health Records (HER)
6.5.3 Blockchains in Pharmaceutical Industry and Research
6.5.4 Clinical Trials
6.5.5 Blockchains in Medical Fraud Detection
6.5.6 Blockchains in Supply Chain and Counterfeit Drug Detection
6.5.7 Blockchain in Dentistry
6.5.8 Organ Transplantation and Blood Donation
6.6 Types of Blockchain
6.6.1 Public Blockchain
6.6.2 Private Blockchain
6.6.3 Consortium Blockchain
6.7 Blockchain Technology’s Benefits for the Healthcare Sector
6.7.1 Accuracy of Health Data
6.7.2 Interoperability of Health Data
6.7.3 Health Data Protection
6.7.4 Reducing the Expense of Handling Health Data
6.7.5 Accessing Health Data Globally
6.7.6 Improved Audit of Healthcare Data
6.8 Blockchain Connected with Other Technologies
6.8.1 Blockchain Connected with Internet of Things (IoT)
6.8.2 Blockchain Integration with AI and Data Analysis
6.8.3 Blockchain with Cloud Computing
6.9 Benefits of Leveraging Blockchain Technology in the Healthcare Industry
6.9.1 Decentralization
6.9.2 Transparency
6.9.3 Security and Privacy
6.10 Challenging Aspects of Adopting Blockchain in Healthcare
6.10.1 Scalability and Storage Capacity Issues
6.10.2 Blockchain Size Issues
6.10.3 Blockchain Interoperability and Standardization Issues
6.10.4 Healthcare Organizational Skill Issues
6.11 Conclusions
References
7. Revolutionizing Finance: The Power of Blockchain in Banking
Vaishnavi Vadivelu, Fahima Annoorbatcha, Prakash Nachimuthu and Parthasarathy Karthikeyan
7.1 Introduction
7.2 Types of Blockchain
7.2.1 Public Blockchain
7.2.2 Private Blockchain
7.2.3 Federated Blockchain
7.2.4 Hybrid Blockchain
7.3 Advantages of Blockchain in Banking
7.3.1 High Security and Reduced Fraudulent Activity
7.3.2 Fast and Cheaper International Transactions
7.3.3 Decreased Operational Costs and Errors
7.4 Blockchain in Banking
7.4.1 Fundamentals of Blockchain
7.4.2 Workflow of Blockchain
7.4.2.1 Transaction
7.4.2.2 Block
7.4.2.3 Verification
7.4.2.4 Hash
7.4.2.5 Execution
7.5 Review of Literature
7.6 Blockchain Applications in Banking
7.6.1 Digital Identity Verification
7.6.2 Cross-Border Payments
7.6.3 Trade Finance
7.6.4 Asset Tokenization
7.6.5 Smart Contracts
7.6.6 Regulatory Compliance
7.6.7 Data Security and Privacy
7.6.8 Collaborative Networks
7.7 Impacts of Blockchain in Banking
7.8 Challenges of Implementing Blockchain in Banking
7.8.1 Possibility of Disintermediation
7.8.2 Efficiency Issue
7.8.3 Improving Standards of Industry
7.8.4 Information Acquiring Mechanisms
7.8.5 Technical Constraints
7.8.6 Organizational and User-Concerned Constraints
7.9 Blockchain in Indian Banking
7.10 Future of Blockchain
7.11 Conclusions
References
8. Blockchain and a Revolution in the Food Industry
Leila Rezaei, Reza Babazadeh, Juan Carlos Mejuto and Jesus Simal-Gandara
8.1 An Introduction to the Food Supply Chain
8.2 Introduction of Blockchain and the Structure and Its Components
8.2.1 Introduction of Blockchain
8.2.2 Blockchain Structure (Hash, Previous Block Hash, Data)
8.2.2.1 Hash
8.2.2.2 The Hash of the Previous Block
8.2.2.3 Data
8.2.3 Blockchain Components
8.2.3.1 Decentralized and Distributed Ledger
8.2.3.2 Consensus Mechanism
8.2.3.3 Peer-to-Peer Network
8.2.3.4 Digital Identity and Anonymity
8.2.3.5 Cryptography
8.2.3.6 Unchangeable
8.2.3.7 Open-Source and Fair Access
8.2.3.8 The Time Order of Blocks
8.3 The Role of Blockchain in the Food Industry
8.3.1 Security
8.3.2 Dealing with Food Waste
8.3.3 Tracking Time Reduction
8.3.4 Food Fraud
8.3.5 Food Quality and Safety
8.4 Effective Indicators of Blockchain in the Food Industry
8.4.1 Permanent Storage of Information
8.4.2 Cost Reduction
8.4.3 Simple Sale of Organic Products
8.4.4 Simplification of International Transactions
8.4.5 Supply Chain Coordination and Communication Improvement
8.4.6 Traceability
8.4.7 Smart Contract
8.5 Blockchain in the Food Industry: Use Cases
8.6 Barriers to Adopting Blockchain in the Food Supply Chain
8.6.1 Organizational and Systemic Challenges
8.6.1.1 Organizational and Systemic
8.6.1.2 Culture
8.6.1.3 Scalability
8.6.1.4 Information Sharing and Privacy
8.6.2 Technological and Technical Challenges
8.6.2.1 Computational Cost and Energy Consumption
8.6.2.2 Lack of Expertise—Technical Knowledge
8.6.2.3 Collaboration
8.6.2.4 Latency and Slow Processing
8.6.3 Formal Legal Frameworks and Regulatory Environment
8.6.3.1 Legal Framework
8.6.3.2 Regulatory Environment and Development of Standards
8.6.4 Environmental Challenges
References
9. Blockchain Technology and the Transformation of the Agricultural Industry
Leila Rezaei, Reza Babazadeh, Juan Carlos Mejuto and Jesus Simal-Gandara
9.1 An Introduction to the Agricultural Industry
9.2 Blockchain Solutions and Benefits in the Agricultural Industry
9.3 The Main Drivers of Blockchain Deployment in the Agricultural Industry
9.3.1 Organic Farming
9.3.2 Smart Agriculture
9.3.3 Reduction of Intermediaries
9.3.4 Climate Control
9.4 The Application of Blockchain in Various Operations of the Agricultural Industry
9.4.1 Farmer Insurance
9.4.2 Fair Payments and Balancing the Pricing Process
9.4.3 Management of Smart Transactions and Digital Currency
9.5 Blockchain Technology and Motivation for Sustainable Ways
9.5.1 Blockchain and Environmental Sustainability
9.5.2 Blockchain and Social Sustainability
9.5.3 Blockchain and Economic Sustainability
References
10. Transforming Tourism: Exploring the Potential of Blockchain Technology
Parthasarathy Karthikeyan, Prakash Nachimuthu, Vaishnavi Vadivelu and S. Priyadharshini
10.1 Introduction
10.2 Blockchain
10.3 Evolution of Blockchain and Tourism
10.3.1 Emergence and Exploration (Early 2010s)
10.3.2 Experimentation and Proof of Concept (Mid to Late 2010s)
10.3.3 Adoption and Integration (Late 2010s to Early 2020s)
10.3.4 Maturation and Diversification (2020s Onward)
10.4 Features of Blockchain in Tourism
10.5 Blockchain Works in Tourism
10.5.1 Decentralized Booking Platforms
10.5.2 Smart Contracts for Automated Bookings
10.5.3 Identity Management
10.5.3.1 Secure Digital Identities
10.5.3.2 Privacy Control
10.5.4 Payment Transaction in Tourism with Blockchain
10.5.4.1 Cryptocurrency Payments
10.5.4.2 Transparent Transactions
10.5.5 Smart Contracts in Customer Relations
10.5.5.1 Automated Loyalty Programs
10.5.6 Supply Chain Management in Tourism with Blockchain
10.5.6.1 Product Authenticity
10.5.7 Smart Contracts in Service Delivery
10.5.7.1 Automated Check-Ins and Check-Outs
10.5.8 Review and Feedback in Tourism with Blockchain
10.5.9 Post-Travel Services
10.5.9.1 Digital Ownership of Travel Memories
10.5.9.2 Decentralized Travel Communities
10.6 Advantages of Blockchain Technology in the Tourism Industry
10.7 Challenges of Blockchain Technology in Tourism Industry
10.7.1 Technological Challenges
10.7.2 Regulatory and Legal Challenges
10.7.3 Adoption-Related Challenges
10.7.4 Security and Trust Challenges
10.8 Future Trends of Blockchain in the Tourism Industry
10.8.1 Interoperability and Standardization
10.8.2 Integration with Emerging Technologies
10.8.3 Decentralized Identity Solutions
10.8.4 Tokenization of Assets
10.8.5 Smart Contracts for Dynamic Pricing
10.8.6 Enhanced Supply Chain Visibility
10.8.7 Decentralized Autonomous Organizations (DAOs)
10.8.8 Environmental Sustainability
10.8.9 Enhanced Customer Loyalty Programs
10.8.10 Digital Transformation of Destination Marketing
10.8.11 Immutable Reviews and Feedback
10.8.12 Blockchain-Based Travel Insurance
10.8.13 Cross-Border Payments and Remittances
10.8.14 Blockchain-Based Travel Communities
10.8.15 Real-Time Travel Data Analytics
10.9 Case Study
10.9.1 Winding Tree—Revolutionizing Travel Distribution Through Blockchain
10.9.1.1 Cost Reduction
10.9.1.2 Elimination of Intermediaries
10.9.1.3 Established Partnerships
10.9.1.4 Transparency and Direct Interaction
10.9.1.5 Blockchain Technology’s Role
10.9.1.6 Potential for Industry Disruption
10.9.2 TravelbyBit: Pioneering Crypto Currency Payments in the Travel Industry
10.9.2.1 Cryptocurrency Integration
10.9.2.2 Strategic Partnership—Queensland Government
10.9.2.3 Practical Application of Blockchain
10.9.2.4 User Empowerment and Financial Freedom
10.10 Conclusions
References
11. Application of Blockchain in the Manufacturing Sector
Hamed Taherdoost
11.1 Introduction
11.2 Tools in the Manufacturing Industry
11.2.1 Advanced Machinery and Robotics
11.2.2 Internet of Things Devices
11.2.3 Computer-Aided Design and Computer-Aided Manufacturing
11.2.4 Quality Management Systems
11.3 Blockchain Technology
11.3.1 Decentralization and Distributed Ledgers
11.3.2 Cryptography and Security Features
11.3.3 Consensus Mechanisms
11.3.4 Types of Blockchains
11.4 Challenges in the Manufacturing Sector
11.5 Adoption and Integration of Blockchain in Manufacturing
11.5.1 Factors Influencing the Adoption of Blockchain in Manufacturing
11.5.2 Strategies for Integrating Blockchain Into Existing Manufacturing Processes
11.6 Blockchain’s Impact on Manufacturing: Technical and Practical Frameworks
11.6.1 Supply Chain Transparency and Traceability
11.6.2 Quality Assurance and Counterfeit Prevention
11.6.3 Streamlining Manufacturing Processes
11.6.4 Inventory Management and Demand Forecasting
11.7 Navigating Implementation Complexities
11.7.1 Scalability and Energy Consumption
11.7.2 Adoption Hurdles and Resistance
11.7.3 Data Privacy Concerns and GDPR Compliance
11.8 Security Measures for Blockchain in Manufacturing
11.9 Potential and Future Developments
11.9.1 Emerging Trends in Blockchain and Manufacturing
11.9.2 Integration with Other Technologies
11.9.3 Regulatory Considerations and Legal Implications
11.10 Summary
References
12. Blockchain Integration: Transforming the Automotive Landscape
Vaishnavi Vadivelu, M. Dharshne, Nishanthi Mahendran, Rudra Moorthi Ravindran, Sanjay Gunasekaran and Ritu Jaikumar Suthar
12.1 Introduction
12.2 Background for Research
12.2.1 Automotive Supply Chain
12.2.2 Importance and Benefits of BCT
12.2.2.1 Blockchain’s Impact on the Automotive Industry
12.2.2.2 Envisioning the Future
12.3 Blockchain Technology
12.3.1 Fundamentals of Blockchain
12.3.2 Blockchain Cryptography
12.3.2.1 Hash Function
12.3.2.2 Public Key Cryptography
12.4 Components of Blockchain in Automobile Industry
12.4.1 Hashing Methods
12.4.2 Transaction
12.4.3 Node
12.4.4 Ledger
12.4.5 Nonce
12.4.6 Block
12.4.7 Asymmetric-Key Cryptography
12.5 Blockchain Implementation in Automobile Industry
12.6 Challenges of Blockchain in Automobile Industry
12.6.1 Reliability
12.6.2 Energy Consumption
12.6.3 Security Issues in Sharing Vehicular Data
12.6.4 Privacy Issues in Sharing Vehicular Data
12.6.5 Scalability
12.6.6 Differences in Attributes
12.6.7 Poor Network Connectivity
12.6.8 Insurance Fraud
12.6.9 Inefficient Stock Management of Spare Parts
12.7 Benefits
12.7.1 Immutability
12.7.2 Transparency
12.7.3 Censorship
12.7.4 Traceability
12.7.5 Security
12.8 Disadvantages
12.8.1 Speed and Performance
12.8.2 High Implementation Cost
12.8.3 Data Modification
12.8.4 Legal Formalities
12.8.5 Storage
12.9 Major Challenges of Automobile in Current Scenario
12.10 Real-Time Case Implementation in Automobile
12.11 Blockchain-Based Automotive Startups
12.12 Indian Regulatory and Legal Terrain for Blockchain
12.13 Conclusions
References
Index
Back to Top
Preface
1. Decoding the Blocks: A Comprehensive Introduction to Blockchain
Vaishnavi Vadivelu, R. Rajasekar and Mogana Priya Chinnasamy
1.1 Introduction
1.2 The Evolution of Blockchain
1.2.1 Development of Blockchain Generation
1.3 Exploring the Peculiar Characteristics of Blockchain
1.4 Structure of Blockchain Technology
1.4.1 Blockchain System Architectures
1.4.2 Consensus Algorithms
1.4.2.1 Proof of Work (PoW)
1.4.2.2 Proof of Stake (PoS)
1.4.2.3 Practical Byzantine Fault Tolerance (PBFT)
1.4.2.4 Delegated Proof of Stake (DPoS)
1.4.2.5 Federated Byzantine Agreement (FBA)
1.4.2.6 Proof of Authority (PoAu)
1.4.2.7 Proof of Elapsed Time (PoET)
1.4.2.8 Proof of Activity (PoAc)
1.4.2.9 Proof of Burn (PoB)
1.4.2.10 Proof of Capacity (PoC)
1.4.3 Smart Contracts
1.4.4 Cryptography for Blockchain
1.4.4.1 Public Key Cryptography
1.4.4.2 Zero-Knowledge Proofs
1.4.4.3 Hash Functions
1.5 Types of Blockchain
1.5.1 Necessity for Different Types of Blockchain
1.5.2 Permissionless vs. Permissioned Blockchains
1.5.3 Public Blockchain
1.5.3.1 Advantages of Public Blockchain
1.5.3.2 Disadvantages of Public Blockchain
1.5.4 Private Blockchain
1.5.4.1 Advantages of Private Blockchain
1.5.4.2 Disadvantages of Private Blockchain
1.5.5 Hybrid Blockchain
1.5.5.1 Advantages of Hybrid Blockchain
1.5.5.2 Disadvantages of Hybrid Blockchain
1.5.6 Consortium Blockchain
1.5.6.1 Advantages of Consortium Blockchain
1.5.6.2 Disadvantages of Consortium Blockchain
1.6 Applications of Blockchain
1.6.1 Cryptocurrencies
1.6.2 Finance
1.6.3 Smart Contracts
1.6.4 Education
1.6.5 Healthcare
1.6.6 Insurance
1.6.7 Voting
1.6.8 Cyber Security
1.6.9 Digital Identification
1.6.10 Data Management
1.6.11 Supply Chain Management
1.7 Factor Consideration for Blockchain Adoption
1.7.1 Cultural and Normative
1.7.2 Legislations and Regulations
1.7.3 Governance
1.7.4 Market Structure
1.7.5 Contracts and Agreement
1.7.6 Business Process
1.7.7 Information Exchange and Transfers
1.7.8 Distribution Ledger
1.7.9 Shared Infrastructure
1.8 The Future Research Directions of Blockchain in Information Systems
1.8.1 Blockchain Integration and Transformation
1.8.2 Enterprise Strategic Planning and Implementation
1.8.3 Blockchain and Emerging Companies
1.8.4 Blockchain and Market Structure
1.8.5 B2B, B2C, and C2C Communications and Transactions
1.8.6 Cross-Organizational Governance and Collaborative Cooperation
1.8.7 Blockchain and Low-Carbon Economy
1.9 Conclusion
References
2. Challenges and Opportunities of Blockchain
Merena S. and Poongodi Chinnasamy
2.1 Introduction
2.2 Challenges of Blockchain Technology
2.2.1 Scalability: The TPS Dilemma
2.2.2 Energy Consumption: The Environmental Concerns
2.2.3 Interoperability: Bridging the Gap
2.2.4 Transparency and Privacy: Striking the Balance
2.2.5 Regulatory Uncertainty: Navigation and Legal Landscape
2.2.6 Adoption Barriers: Crossing the Chasm
2.2.7 Smart Contract Vulnerabilities
2.2.8 Phishing and Social Engineering
2.2.9 Centralized Exchanges Hacks
2.2.10 51% Attacks
2.2.11 Physical Theft
2.2.12 User Experience: Bridging the Gap
2.2.13 Complexity
2.2.14 Account Recovery
2.2.15 Inconsistent Terminology
2.2.16 Lack of Standardization
2.2.17 Governance: Decentralized Decision Making
2.2.18 Long-Term Viability: Staying Relevant
2.2.19 Long-Term Sustainability
2.2.20 Legal and Ethical Concerns
2.2.21 Immutable Data Challenge
2.2.22 Resource Management and Scheduling
2.2.23 Transaction Speed
2.2.24 Decentralization
2.2.25 The Ecosystem
2.2.26 Fragmentation and Lack of Interoperability
2.2.27 Scalability Issues
2.2.28 Regulatory Uncertainty
2.2.29 User Experience and Adoption
2.2.30 Security Risks and Vulnerabilities
2.2.31 Tokenomics and Sustainability
2.2.32 Governance and Decision Making
2.2.33 Education and Talent Shortage
2.2.34 Resilience, Irreversibility, Quantum Computing
2.2.35 Irreversibility
2.2.36 Quantum Computing
2.3 Opportunities and the Future of Blockchain Technology
2.3.1 Decentralized Finance (DeFi)
2.3.2 Digital Identity
2.3.3 Supply Chain Management
2.3.4 Smart Contracts
2.3.5 Tokenization of Assets
2.3.6 Healthcare
2.3.7 Voting and Governance
2.3.8 Intellectual Property and Content Distribution
2.3.9 Energy and Sustainability
2.3.10 Cross-Border Payments
2.3.11 Education and Credentials
2.3.12 IoT and Data Security
2.3.13 Legal and Governance Frameworks
2.4 Applications of Blockchain by Field
2.5 Summary
References
3. Blockchain–SDN-Based Secure Architecture for Multi-Edge Computing in Industrial IoT
Anass Sebbar, Othmane Cherqi and Faysal Bensalah
3.1 Introduction
3.2 Background and Literature Review
3.2.1 Introduction to Existing Challenges in Industrial IoT with a Focus on Multi-Edge Computing
3.2.2 Blockchain and Software-Defined Networking (SDN) for IIoT
3.2.3 Current State-of-the-Art Solutions and Their Limitations
3.3 The Promise of Blockchain and SDN for Industrial IoT
3.4 Proposed Architecture for Blockchain–SDN-Based Multi-Edge Computing
3.4.1 Design Considerations for Resilience Against DDoS Attacks
3.4.2 Blockchain’s Role in Ensuring Data Availability and Trust Even Under Attack Conditions
3.5 Use Cases and Simulations
3.5.1 Experimental Setup
3.5.2 Results
3.6 Conclusions
References
4. Enhancing Decentralized Privacy Through Integration of Blockchain with IoT for Healthcare Applications
R. Manjula Devi, M. Sangeetha, R. Venkatesan, Lalitha Balasubramanian and P. Keerthika
4.1 Introduction
4.2 Related Work
4.3 Technical Overview of IoT, Blockchain, and Its Integration
4.3.1 IoT
4.3.1.1 Architecture of IoT
4.3.1.2 Architectural Models
4.3.2 Benefits of IoT
4.3.3 Security Challenges of IoT
4.3.4 Blockchain
4.3.5 Integrating IoT and Blockchain
4.4 Implementation Framework: Integrating Blockchain and IoT in Healthcare
4.4.1 Data Collection
4.4.1.1 Wearable Devices
4.4.1.2 Wearable Medical Devices
4.4.1.3 Remote Monitoring Devices
4.4.1.4 Implantable Medical Devices
4.4.2 Data Storage
4.4.3 Healthcare Provider
4.5 Various Applications of Blockchain and IoT in Healthcare
4.5.1 Patient Data Management
4.5.2 Clinical Trials and Research
4.5.3 Drug Traceability and Authentication
4.5.4 Remote Patient Monitoring
4.5.5 Public Surveillance
4.6 Decentralization and Data Privacy of Blockchain and IoT in Healthcare
4.7 Challenges of Using Blockchain in Healthcare-Derived Industrial IoT
4.8 Conclusions
References
5. Blockchain with Cloud Computing
K. Janani, K. Udayakumar, S. Ramamoorthy, G. Ragu and R. Poorvadevi
5.1 Introduction
5.1.1 Contribution of this Survey
5.2 Related Works
5.3 Summary of Resource Allocation Models Based on Blockchain Technology in the Context of Cloud Computing and Decentralized Edge Computing
5.3.1 Blockchain-Powered Cloud Computing
5.3.1.1 Intercommunication
5.3.1.2 Data Security
5.3.1.3 Service Level Agreements
5.3.1.4 Cloud Data Administration
5.3.2 Blockchain Cloud Analytics
5.3.3 Combined Blockchain and Cloud Computing Systems
5.4 Machine Learning Model in Blockchain Technology
5.4.1 Machine Learning Solution with Blockchain
5.5 Benefits of Blockchain for IoT Applications
5.5.1 Cost Saving
5.5.2 Trustworthiness Between Entities
5.5.3 Privacy
5.5.4 Security
5.5.5 Distributed Ledger Technology (DLT)
5.5.5.1 Block Creation
5.5.5.2 Merkle Tree Storage
5.5.5.3 Timestamp
5.5.5.4 Nonce
5.5.5.5 Previous Hash
5.5.6 Blockchain Types
5.5.6.1 Public Blockchain
5.5.6.2 Private Blockchain
5.5.6.3 Consortium Blockchain
5.5.6.4 Smart Contract
5.5.7 Characteristics of Blockchain
5.5.7.1 Distributed
5.5.7.2 Decentralized
5.6 IoT Applications Leveraging Blockchain
5.6.1 Smart Healthcare
5.6.2 Smart Homes
5.6.3 Smart Cities
5.6.4 Supply Chain Management
5.6.5 Smart Vehicle
5.6.6 Smart Grid
5.6.7 Industrial IoT
5.6.8 Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV)
5.7 Security and Privacy Concerns
5.7.1 Transaction Privacy Breach
5.7.2 Private Key Protection
5.7.3 Violation of Privacy Regulations
5.7.4 Selfish Mining
5.7.5 51% Attack
5.7.6 IoT Data Storage
5.7.7 Consensus Algorithm
5.8 Challenges in Blockchain Networks
5.8.1 Scalability Issues
5.8.2 Interoperability Issues
5.8.3 Consensus Mechanism Issues
5.8.4 Smart Contract-Based Issues
5.8.5 Identity Management Issues
5.9 Security Challenges
5.9.1 Consensus Attacks
5.9.2 Smart Contract-Based Attacks
5.9.3 Data Confidentiality
5.9.4 Legal Compliance and Governance
5.10 Conclusions
References
6. Transforming Healthcare: The Role of Blockchain Technology
Vaishnavi Vadivelu, Dharmesh Nithil K., Prakash Nachimuthu and Parthasarathy Karthikeyan
6.1 Introduction
6.2 Evolution of Blockchain and Healthcare
6.3 How Blockchain Works in Healthcare
6.3.1 What is Blockchain?
6.3.2 Characteristics of Blockchain
6.3.3 Features of Blockchain in Healthcare
6.3.3.1 Decentralization
6.3.3.2 Transparency
6.3.3.3 Data Provenance
6.3.3.4 Anonymity and Programmability
6.3.3.5 Distributed Ledger and Consensus
6.3.3.6 Immutability
6.4 Mechanisms of Blockchain
6.4.1 Proof of Work (PoW)
6.4.2 Proof of Stake (PoS)
6.4.3 How Blockchain Works in Healthcare
6.5 Applications of Blockchain in Healthcare
6.5.1 Blockchains in Neuroscience
6.5.2 Blockchains in Electronic Health Records (HER)
6.5.3 Blockchains in Pharmaceutical Industry and Research
6.5.4 Clinical Trials
6.5.5 Blockchains in Medical Fraud Detection
6.5.6 Blockchains in Supply Chain and Counterfeit Drug Detection
6.5.7 Blockchain in Dentistry
6.5.8 Organ Transplantation and Blood Donation
6.6 Types of Blockchain
6.6.1 Public Blockchain
6.6.2 Private Blockchain
6.6.3 Consortium Blockchain
6.7 Blockchain Technology’s Benefits for the Healthcare Sector
6.7.1 Accuracy of Health Data
6.7.2 Interoperability of Health Data
6.7.3 Health Data Protection
6.7.4 Reducing the Expense of Handling Health Data
6.7.5 Accessing Health Data Globally
6.7.6 Improved Audit of Healthcare Data
6.8 Blockchain Connected with Other Technologies
6.8.1 Blockchain Connected with Internet of Things (IoT)
6.8.2 Blockchain Integration with AI and Data Analysis
6.8.3 Blockchain with Cloud Computing
6.9 Benefits of Leveraging Blockchain Technology in the Healthcare Industry
6.9.1 Decentralization
6.9.2 Transparency
6.9.3 Security and Privacy
6.10 Challenging Aspects of Adopting Blockchain in Healthcare
6.10.1 Scalability and Storage Capacity Issues
6.10.2 Blockchain Size Issues
6.10.3 Blockchain Interoperability and Standardization Issues
6.10.4 Healthcare Organizational Skill Issues
6.11 Conclusions
References
7. Revolutionizing Finance: The Power of Blockchain in Banking
Vaishnavi Vadivelu, Fahima Annoorbatcha, Prakash Nachimuthu and Parthasarathy Karthikeyan
7.1 Introduction
7.2 Types of Blockchain
7.2.1 Public Blockchain
7.2.2 Private Blockchain
7.2.3 Federated Blockchain
7.2.4 Hybrid Blockchain
7.3 Advantages of Blockchain in Banking
7.3.1 High Security and Reduced Fraudulent Activity
7.3.2 Fast and Cheaper International Transactions
7.3.3 Decreased Operational Costs and Errors
7.4 Blockchain in Banking
7.4.1 Fundamentals of Blockchain
7.4.2 Workflow of Blockchain
7.4.2.1 Transaction
7.4.2.2 Block
7.4.2.3 Verification
7.4.2.4 Hash
7.4.2.5 Execution
7.5 Review of Literature
7.6 Blockchain Applications in Banking
7.6.1 Digital Identity Verification
7.6.2 Cross-Border Payments
7.6.3 Trade Finance
7.6.4 Asset Tokenization
7.6.5 Smart Contracts
7.6.6 Regulatory Compliance
7.6.7 Data Security and Privacy
7.6.8 Collaborative Networks
7.7 Impacts of Blockchain in Banking
7.8 Challenges of Implementing Blockchain in Banking
7.8.1 Possibility of Disintermediation
7.8.2 Efficiency Issue
7.8.3 Improving Standards of Industry
7.8.4 Information Acquiring Mechanisms
7.8.5 Technical Constraints
7.8.6 Organizational and User-Concerned Constraints
7.9 Blockchain in Indian Banking
7.10 Future of Blockchain
7.11 Conclusions
References
8. Blockchain and a Revolution in the Food Industry
Leila Rezaei, Reza Babazadeh, Juan Carlos Mejuto and Jesus Simal-Gandara
8.1 An Introduction to the Food Supply Chain
8.2 Introduction of Blockchain and the Structure and Its Components
8.2.1 Introduction of Blockchain
8.2.2 Blockchain Structure (Hash, Previous Block Hash, Data)
8.2.2.1 Hash
8.2.2.2 The Hash of the Previous Block
8.2.2.3 Data
8.2.3 Blockchain Components
8.2.3.1 Decentralized and Distributed Ledger
8.2.3.2 Consensus Mechanism
8.2.3.3 Peer-to-Peer Network
8.2.3.4 Digital Identity and Anonymity
8.2.3.5 Cryptography
8.2.3.6 Unchangeable
8.2.3.7 Open-Source and Fair Access
8.2.3.8 The Time Order of Blocks
8.3 The Role of Blockchain in the Food Industry
8.3.1 Security
8.3.2 Dealing with Food Waste
8.3.3 Tracking Time Reduction
8.3.4 Food Fraud
8.3.5 Food Quality and Safety
8.4 Effective Indicators of Blockchain in the Food Industry
8.4.1 Permanent Storage of Information
8.4.2 Cost Reduction
8.4.3 Simple Sale of Organic Products
8.4.4 Simplification of International Transactions
8.4.5 Supply Chain Coordination and Communication Improvement
8.4.6 Traceability
8.4.7 Smart Contract
8.5 Blockchain in the Food Industry: Use Cases
8.6 Barriers to Adopting Blockchain in the Food Supply Chain
8.6.1 Organizational and Systemic Challenges
8.6.1.1 Organizational and Systemic
8.6.1.2 Culture
8.6.1.3 Scalability
8.6.1.4 Information Sharing and Privacy
8.6.2 Technological and Technical Challenges
8.6.2.1 Computational Cost and Energy Consumption
8.6.2.2 Lack of Expertise—Technical Knowledge
8.6.2.3 Collaboration
8.6.2.4 Latency and Slow Processing
8.6.3 Formal Legal Frameworks and Regulatory Environment
8.6.3.1 Legal Framework
8.6.3.2 Regulatory Environment and Development of Standards
8.6.4 Environmental Challenges
References
9. Blockchain Technology and the Transformation of the Agricultural Industry
Leila Rezaei, Reza Babazadeh, Juan Carlos Mejuto and Jesus Simal-Gandara
9.1 An Introduction to the Agricultural Industry
9.2 Blockchain Solutions and Benefits in the Agricultural Industry
9.3 The Main Drivers of Blockchain Deployment in the Agricultural Industry
9.3.1 Organic Farming
9.3.2 Smart Agriculture
9.3.3 Reduction of Intermediaries
9.3.4 Climate Control
9.4 The Application of Blockchain in Various Operations of the Agricultural Industry
9.4.1 Farmer Insurance
9.4.2 Fair Payments and Balancing the Pricing Process
9.4.3 Management of Smart Transactions and Digital Currency
9.5 Blockchain Technology and Motivation for Sustainable Ways
9.5.1 Blockchain and Environmental Sustainability
9.5.2 Blockchain and Social Sustainability
9.5.3 Blockchain and Economic Sustainability
References
10. Transforming Tourism: Exploring the Potential of Blockchain Technology
Parthasarathy Karthikeyan, Prakash Nachimuthu, Vaishnavi Vadivelu and S. Priyadharshini
10.1 Introduction
10.2 Blockchain
10.3 Evolution of Blockchain and Tourism
10.3.1 Emergence and Exploration (Early 2010s)
10.3.2 Experimentation and Proof of Concept (Mid to Late 2010s)
10.3.3 Adoption and Integration (Late 2010s to Early 2020s)
10.3.4 Maturation and Diversification (2020s Onward)
10.4 Features of Blockchain in Tourism
10.5 Blockchain Works in Tourism
10.5.1 Decentralized Booking Platforms
10.5.2 Smart Contracts for Automated Bookings
10.5.3 Identity Management
10.5.3.1 Secure Digital Identities
10.5.3.2 Privacy Control
10.5.4 Payment Transaction in Tourism with Blockchain
10.5.4.1 Cryptocurrency Payments
10.5.4.2 Transparent Transactions
10.5.5 Smart Contracts in Customer Relations
10.5.5.1 Automated Loyalty Programs
10.5.6 Supply Chain Management in Tourism with Blockchain
10.5.6.1 Product Authenticity
10.5.7 Smart Contracts in Service Delivery
10.5.7.1 Automated Check-Ins and Check-Outs
10.5.8 Review and Feedback in Tourism with Blockchain
10.5.9 Post-Travel Services
10.5.9.1 Digital Ownership of Travel Memories
10.5.9.2 Decentralized Travel Communities
10.6 Advantages of Blockchain Technology in the Tourism Industry
10.7 Challenges of Blockchain Technology in Tourism Industry
10.7.1 Technological Challenges
10.7.2 Regulatory and Legal Challenges
10.7.3 Adoption-Related Challenges
10.7.4 Security and Trust Challenges
10.8 Future Trends of Blockchain in the Tourism Industry
10.8.1 Interoperability and Standardization
10.8.2 Integration with Emerging Technologies
10.8.3 Decentralized Identity Solutions
10.8.4 Tokenization of Assets
10.8.5 Smart Contracts for Dynamic Pricing
10.8.6 Enhanced Supply Chain Visibility
10.8.7 Decentralized Autonomous Organizations (DAOs)
10.8.8 Environmental Sustainability
10.8.9 Enhanced Customer Loyalty Programs
10.8.10 Digital Transformation of Destination Marketing
10.8.11 Immutable Reviews and Feedback
10.8.12 Blockchain-Based Travel Insurance
10.8.13 Cross-Border Payments and Remittances
10.8.14 Blockchain-Based Travel Communities
10.8.15 Real-Time Travel Data Analytics
10.9 Case Study
10.9.1 Winding Tree—Revolutionizing Travel Distribution Through Blockchain
10.9.1.1 Cost Reduction
10.9.1.2 Elimination of Intermediaries
10.9.1.3 Established Partnerships
10.9.1.4 Transparency and Direct Interaction
10.9.1.5 Blockchain Technology’s Role
10.9.1.6 Potential for Industry Disruption
10.9.2 TravelbyBit: Pioneering Crypto Currency Payments in the Travel Industry
10.9.2.1 Cryptocurrency Integration
10.9.2.2 Strategic Partnership—Queensland Government
10.9.2.3 Practical Application of Blockchain
10.9.2.4 User Empowerment and Financial Freedom
10.10 Conclusions
References
11. Application of Blockchain in the Manufacturing Sector
Hamed Taherdoost
11.1 Introduction
11.2 Tools in the Manufacturing Industry
11.2.1 Advanced Machinery and Robotics
11.2.2 Internet of Things Devices
11.2.3 Computer-Aided Design and Computer-Aided Manufacturing
11.2.4 Quality Management Systems
11.3 Blockchain Technology
11.3.1 Decentralization and Distributed Ledgers
11.3.2 Cryptography and Security Features
11.3.3 Consensus Mechanisms
11.3.4 Types of Blockchains
11.4 Challenges in the Manufacturing Sector
11.5 Adoption and Integration of Blockchain in Manufacturing
11.5.1 Factors Influencing the Adoption of Blockchain in Manufacturing
11.5.2 Strategies for Integrating Blockchain Into Existing Manufacturing Processes
11.6 Blockchain’s Impact on Manufacturing: Technical and Practical Frameworks
11.6.1 Supply Chain Transparency and Traceability
11.6.2 Quality Assurance and Counterfeit Prevention
11.6.3 Streamlining Manufacturing Processes
11.6.4 Inventory Management and Demand Forecasting
11.7 Navigating Implementation Complexities
11.7.1 Scalability and Energy Consumption
11.7.2 Adoption Hurdles and Resistance
11.7.3 Data Privacy Concerns and GDPR Compliance
11.8 Security Measures for Blockchain in Manufacturing
11.9 Potential and Future Developments
11.9.1 Emerging Trends in Blockchain and Manufacturing
11.9.2 Integration with Other Technologies
11.9.3 Regulatory Considerations and Legal Implications
11.10 Summary
References
12. Blockchain Integration: Transforming the Automotive Landscape
Vaishnavi Vadivelu, M. Dharshne, Nishanthi Mahendran, Rudra Moorthi Ravindran, Sanjay Gunasekaran and Ritu Jaikumar Suthar
12.1 Introduction
12.2 Background for Research
12.2.1 Automotive Supply Chain
12.2.2 Importance and Benefits of BCT
12.2.2.1 Blockchain’s Impact on the Automotive Industry
12.2.2.2 Envisioning the Future
12.3 Blockchain Technology
12.3.1 Fundamentals of Blockchain
12.3.2 Blockchain Cryptography
12.3.2.1 Hash Function
12.3.2.2 Public Key Cryptography
12.4 Components of Blockchain in Automobile Industry
12.4.1 Hashing Methods
12.4.2 Transaction
12.4.3 Node
12.4.4 Ledger
12.4.5 Nonce
12.4.6 Block
12.4.7 Asymmetric-Key Cryptography
12.5 Blockchain Implementation in Automobile Industry
12.6 Challenges of Blockchain in Automobile Industry
12.6.1 Reliability
12.6.2 Energy Consumption
12.6.3 Security Issues in Sharing Vehicular Data
12.6.4 Privacy Issues in Sharing Vehicular Data
12.6.5 Scalability
12.6.6 Differences in Attributes
12.6.7 Poor Network Connectivity
12.6.8 Insurance Fraud
12.6.9 Inefficient Stock Management of Spare Parts
12.7 Benefits
12.7.1 Immutability
12.7.2 Transparency
12.7.3 Censorship
12.7.4 Traceability
12.7.5 Security
12.8 Disadvantages
12.8.1 Speed and Performance
12.8.2 High Implementation Cost
12.8.3 Data Modification
12.8.4 Legal Formalities
12.8.5 Storage
12.9 Major Challenges of Automobile in Current Scenario
12.10 Real-Time Case Implementation in Automobile
12.11 Blockchain-Based Automotive Startups
12.12 Indian Regulatory and Legal Terrain for Blockchain
12.13 Conclusions
References
Index
Back to Top