Search

Browse Subject Areas

For Authors

Submit a Proposal

Acid Gas Injection

Field, Data, Simulation
Edited by John J. Carroll, Ying (Alice) Wu, Mingqiang Hao and Weiyao Zhu
Series: Advances in Natural Gas Engineering
Copyright: 2025   |   Status: Published
ISBN: 9781394356263  |  Hardcover  |  
456 pages
Price: $225 USD
Add To Cart

One Line Description
This ninth and final volume in the series, Advances in Natural Gas Engineering, covers gas injection into geological formations, one of the hottest topics in the industry, with contributions from some of the most well-known and respected engineers in the world.

Audience
Members of Gas Processors Association (GPA) (and all of its international chapters), Society of Petroleum Engineers (SPE), American Institute of Chemical Engineers (AIChE), American Gas Association (AGA).

Description
This is the ninth volume in the series, Advances in Natural Gas Engineering, focusing on gas injection into geological formations and other related topics, very important areas of natural gas engineering and building on previous volumes. This volume includes information for both upstream and downstream operations, including chapters detailing the most cutting-edge techniques in acid gas injection, such as acid gas disposal, modeling, and much more.

Written by some of the most well-known and respected chemical and process engineers working with natural gas today, the chapters in this important volume represent the most state-of-the-art processes and operations being used in the field. Not available anywhere else, this volume is a must-have for any chemical engineer, chemist, or process engineer in the industry. Advances in Natural Gas Engineering is a series of books meant to form the basis for the working library of any engineer working in natural gas today.

Back to Top
Author / Editor Details
John J. Carroll, PhD, PEng is the Director, Geostorage Process Engineering for Gas Liquids Engineering, Ltd. in Calgary, Canada. Dr. Carroll holds bachelor and doctoral degrees in chemical engineering from the University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada, and is a registered professional engineer in the provinces of Alberta and New Brunswick in Canada. His fist book, Natural Gas Hydrates: A Guide for Engineers, is now in its second edition, and he is the author or co-author of 50 technical publications and about 40 technical presentations.

Ying (Alice) Wu is currently the President of Sphere Technology Connection Ltd. (STC) in Calgary, Canada. From 1983 to 1999 she was an Assistant Professor and Researcher at Southwest Petroleum Institute (now Southwest Petroleum University, SWPU) in Sichuan, China. She received her MSc in Petroleum Engineering from the SWPU and her BSc in Petroleum Engineering from Daqing Petroleum University in Heilongjiang, China.

Mingqiang Hao, PhD, is a senior engineer of reservoir engineering and the deputy chief engineer of Oilfield Development at the Research Institute of Petroleum Exploration &Development (RIPED), PetroChina. His current main research interests focus on CO2-EOR and horizontal well for low permeability reservoirs.

Weiyao Zhu is a Professor of Mechanics at the University of Science &Technology, Beijing, holding the Chair in the Department of Building Environment of Energy Engineering and the Institute of Applied Mechanics. He is also the director of Mechanical disciplines at the University of Science &Technology Beijing. He has served as an editor of some Chinese academic journals, and as an Associate Editor of the Journal of Natural Gas Engineering. He has published twelve books and over 330 research papers and has 17 patents and 26 software copyrights to his credit. He has also been recognized with many professional and academic awards.

Back to Top

Table of Contents
Preface
1. Acid Gas Injection from Startup to Stability—A Recap of 3 Years of Operation and Troubleshooting
Loni van der Lee, Jordan Watson, Laura Creanga and James van der Lee
1.1 Introduction
1.2 Startup: Ideal vs. Actual
1.3 Pump Diaphragm Failures
1.4 Corrosion
1.5 Acid Gas Sampling
1.6 Acid Gas Simulation
1.7 Acid Gas Compression Modeling
1.8 Summary
2. Acid Gas Disposal—A View from the Trenches
Kristopher Kruse
2.1 Introduction
2.2 Plant Process
2.3 Acid Gas Compressor
2.4 Injection Wells
2.5 Operational Learnings
2.5.1 Cooler Plugging
2.5.2 Wellhead Sealing
2.5.3 Wellhead Valve Stem Weeping
2.5.4 Elastomer Leak at Packer
2.5.5 Startup Issues
2.5.6 Amine Foaming
2.6 Key Design Considerations
2.6.1 Importance of Team
2.7 Summary
3. Pipestone Acid Gas Injection System
Rinat Yarmukhametov, James R. Maddocks, Tim Oldham and Dan Simons
3.1 Acid Gas System Description
3.2 Acid Gas Pipelines
3.2.1 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment of Pipelines
3.2.2 Acid Gas Pipeline Risk Mitigation Steps
3.2.3 Emergency Planning Zones (EPZ)
3.2.4 Acid Gas Pipeline De-Inventory and Filling Procedures
3.3 Pipeline Leak Detection
3.3.1 Operational and Emergency De-Inventory of Acid Gas Pipelines
3.4 Acid Gas Injection Pump Design
3.5 Relief System Design
3.5.1 Thermal Relief in Acid Gas Applications
3.5.2 Process Piping Criteria/Considerations for Determining Thermal Relief Needs
3.5.3 Thermal Relief Mitigation Strategies in Valves
3.5.4 External Body Cavity Thermal Relief System
3.5.5 Additional Thermal Relief Mitigation Strategies
3.6 Relief Valve Selection for AGI Pump Discharge Piping Protection
3.7 AGI Pumps and Injection Well Control
3.8 Process Hazard Analysis and SIL-Rated System Considerations
3.9 Conclusion
Acknowledgment
4. Acid Gas Injection Case Study for the Iraqi Region of Kurdistan
Mariana Alvis and Federico Games
4.1 Introduction
4.2 Methodology
4.2.1 Container Selection
4.2.2 Containment
4.2.3 Injectivity
4.2.4 Well and System Flow Modeling
4.2.5 Injector Well(s)
4.2.6 Surface Facilities Strategy
4.3 Results
4.4 Acknowledgments
4.5 Nomenclature
References
5. The Success Story of Acid Gas Injection (AGI) in WCSB: The Past, The Present, The Future
Mohammad Tavallali, Robyn Swanson, Norbert Alwast, Vadim Milovanov and Ashley Anderson
5.1 Introduction
5.2 Geology
5.2.1 Keg River Formation
5.2.2 Pardonet/Baldonnel Formation
5.2.3 Belloy Formation
5.2.4 Halfway Formation
5.2.5 Nisku Formation
5.2.6 Leduc Formation
5.3 Wellbore Design Consideration
5.3.1 Wellbore Damage Mechanisms Encountered During AGI
5.3.2 AGI Wellbore Damage Prevention and Control
5.3.3 Well Construction and Monitoring Considerations
5.4 Screening, Ranking, and Storage Potential Estimation
5.5 AGI Outlook
5.6 Application Evolution
5.6.1 Alberta
5.6.2 Saskatchewan
5.6.3 British Columbia
5.6.4 AGI Comparison Between Canada and USA
5.6.5 CCUS Comparison Between Canada and USA
5.7 Conclusions
References
6. Hydrates of Carbon Dioxide—A Review of Experimental Data
Bogdan Ambrożek and Eugene Grynia
6.1 Introduction
6.2 Reviewed Literature
6.3 Experimental Techniques
6.4 Description of the Research Work
6.5 Experimental Data Comparison and Analysis
6.6 Conclusions
References
7. Comparison of Models to Data for Phase Equilibria and Properties of CO2 + Contaminant Systems
Wayne D. Monnery
7.1 Introduction
7.2 Previous Review Work
7.3 Property and Vapor–Liquid Equilibria Comparison Results
7.3.1 Density
7.3.2 Specific Heat Capacity
7.3.3 Viscosity
7.3.4 Thermal Conductivity
7.3.5 Vapor–Liquid Equilibria
7.4 Property and VLE Prediction Conclusions
7.5 Implication to Process Design
7.5.1 Liquid Chemical Absorption Process
7.5.2 Compression and Pumping
7.5.3 Heat Exchange
7.5.4 Pipelines
7.6 Conclusions and Recommendations
References
8. Numerical Investigation and Prediction of Critical Points of CO2 Binary Mixtures Using GERG-2008
Eduardo Luna-Ortiz
8.1 Introduction
8.2 GERG and Critical Loci
8.3 Key Results, Observations, and Discussion
8.4 Summary
References
9. Alkanolamines—What is Next?
Jörn Rolker and Joe Lally
9.1 Introduction
9.2 New Amine Components for Acid Gas Treating
9.3 Operating Experience
9.4 Conclusion
References
10. Anhydrous Triethanolamine as a Solvent for Gases
A.E. Mather, F.-Y. Jou and K.A.G. Schmidt
10.1 Introduction
10.2 Results and Discussion
10.3 Conclusions
Acknowledgment
References
11. CCUS via CO2 Compression with Reciprocating Compressors
Patrick Campbell
11.1 Introduction
11.2 What is a Reciprocating Compressor?
11.3 Material Selection
11.4 Gas Properties
11.5 Equipment Selection
11.6 Conclusion
12. Process and Design Aspects of Diaphragm Pumps
Rüdiger Bullert
Nomenclature
12.1 Characteristics of Diaphragm Pumps
12.2 CO2 and Acid Gas Injection with Diaphragm Pumps
12.3 Blow-Down a Critical Process Step
12.4 Conclusions
References
13. Well Construction and Monitoring Considerations for AGI and CCS Wells
Ryan Bartko, Ben Banack and Henry Bland
13.1 Methods and Process
13.1.1 Pressure Measurement in Dissipation Zones
13.1.2 Considerations for 2D/3D/VSP Source and Sensor Design
13.1.3 Induced Seismicity Monitoring
13.1.4 Sensor Considerations and Magnitude Quantification
13.2 Conclusion
Acknowledgment
14. Downhole Pressure and Temperature Observations at a CO2 Injector Under Differing Injection Conditions
Stephen Talman, Alireza Rangriz Shokri, Nathan Deisman and Rick Chalaturnyk
14.1 Introduction
14.2 Observations
14.3 Summary
References
15. Case Study for the Application of CCUS to a Waste-to-Energy Italian Plant
Stefania Moioli, Giorgia De Guido, Laura A. Pellegrini, Elisabetta Fasola, Davide Alberti and Adriano Carrara
15.1 Introduction
15.2 CO2 Capture
15.2.1 Methodology for Process Design
15.2.2 Selection of the Pilot Plant Characteristics
15.3 CO2 Utilization
15.4 Utilities Consumption and Economic Evaluation
15.4.1 Estimate of Utilities Consumptions
15.4.2 Preliminary Economic Analysis
15.5 Conclusions
References
16. Key Results of Tomakomai CCS Demonstration Project
Yoshihiro Sawada, Jiro Tanaka, Daiji Tanase, Takashi Sasaki and Chiyoko Suzuki
16.1 Introduction
16.1.1 Current Efforts of the Japanese Government for CCS
16.1.2 Key Results of Tomakomai CCS Demonstration Project
16.2 Overview of the Tomakomai Project
16.3 Key Results of Tomakomai Project
16.3.1 CO2 Capture
16.3.2 CO2 Injection and Monitoring
16.4 Public Outreach
16.5 Experience of Major Earthquake
16.6 Research, Development, and Demonstration of CO2 Ship Transportation
16.6.1 R&D to Establish Technology for Ship Transportation of Liquefied CO2 at a Scale of 1 Million Tonnes per Year
16.6.2 Demonstration of CO2 Ship Transportation by a Ship with 999 Gross Tonnage
16.7 Conclusion
Acknowledgment
References
17. Some Results of ERTF Carbon Capture Pilot Plant
Ahmed Aboudheir, Neil Rathva, Lin Li and Walid ElMoudir
17.1 Introduction
17.2 ERTF Pilot Plant Process Description and Configuration
17.3 Offline and Online Analysis Methods and Measurements
17.4 Test Campaigns
17.5 Model Validation Against Pilot Plant Data and Results (Run #107 Capacity Target)
17.6 Model Validation Against Pilot Plant Data and Results (Run #108 Energy Target)
17.7 Model Validation Against Pilot Plant Data and Results (Run #109 Energy Target)
17.8 Conclusions and Recommendations
Acknowledgment
18. Evaluation of CO2 Storage Potential in the Deep Mannville Coals of Alberta: Vertical Well Injection Testing
Yun Yang, Christopher R. Clarkson and Michael S. Blinderman
18.1 Introduction
18.2 Methodology
18.2.1 Field Planning
18.2.2 Numerical Simulation
18.3 Results and Discussion
18.3.1 Pre-Pilot Investigation
18.3.2 Calibration of the Numerical Model Using Field Injection Data
18.4 Conclusion
Acknowledgments
References
19. Dynamic Miscibility of H2S/CO2 with Reservoir Oil in a Middle Eastern Triassic Reservoir
Liaqat Ali and Ahmad J. Sultan
19.1 Introduction
19.2 Description of Reservoir Simulations
19.2.1 Acid Gas Composition
19.3 Results and Discussion
19.3.1 Injection and Production Performance
19.3.2 Dynamic Miscibility
19.3.2.1 Results of Dynamic Miscibility for Lower Rate Case (Case 1)
19.3.2.2 Results of Dynamic Miscibility for Higher Rate Case (Case 2)
19.3.2.3 Comparison of Dynamic Miscibility in the Two Cases
19.4 Conclusions
References
20. Quantitative Evaluation of Dynamic Solubility of Acid Gases in Deep Brine Aquifers
Liaqat Ali, Ahmad J. Sultan, Russell E. Bentley and K. Patel
20.1 Introduction
20.2 Technical Approach and Analysis
20.3 Description of Reservoir Simulations
20.4 Results and Discussion
20.4.1 AGI Into Ellenburger Formation
20.4.1.1 Dynamic Solubility in Ellenburger Formation
20.4.1.2 Ellenburger Formation Case E-1
20.4.1.3 Ellenburger Formation Case E-2
20.4.1.4 Comparison of the Cases and the Effect of Salinity
20.4.2 H2S/CO2-EOR in Triassic Reservoir
20.4.2.1 Dynamic Solubility in Kurra Chine Formation
20.4.2.2 Kurra Chine Formation Case KC-1
20.4.2.3 Kurra Chine Formation Case KC-2
20.4.2.4 Comparison of the Kurra Chine Formation Cases
20.4.3 AGI Into Cherry Canyon Formation
20.4.3.1 Dynamic Solubility in Cherry Canyon Formation
20.4.4 AGI Into Wilcox Formation
20.4.4.1 Dynamic Solubility in Wilcox Formation
20.4.5 AGI Into Glen Rose Formation
20.4.5.1 Dynamic Solubility in Glen Rose Formation
20.5 Summary and Conclusions
Acknowledgment
References
21. Highlights of the Northeast BC Carbon Capture and Storage Atlas
John Xie, Natalie L. Sweet and Allison J. Gibbs
21.1 Study Workflow and Deliverables
21.2 Project Outcomes
21.3 Acknowledgments
References
22. A Novel Method for Calculating Average Formation Pressure of Gas-Reservoir-Type Underground Natural Gas Storage
Yubao Gao, Weiyao Zhu, Hongyang Chu and Ming Yue
22.1 Introduction
22.2 Methodology
22.2.1 Physical Model
22.2.2 Mathematical Model
22.3 Numerical Validation
22.4 Field Application
22.4.1 Geological Background
22.4.2 Model Application
22.5 Conclusions
22.6 Acknowledgments
References
Appendix A—Dimensionless Variable
23. Simulation of Multi-Zone Coupling Flow with Phase Change in Fractured Low Permeability Condensate Gas Reservoir
Wengang Bu, Weiyao Zhu and Debin Kong
23.1 Introduction
23.2 Methodology
23.2.1 Physical Model
23.2.2 Governing Equations
23.2.2.1 Two-Phase Zone
23.2.2.2 Transition Zone
23.2.2.3 Single-Phase Gas Zone
23.2.3 TPG and SS
23.2.4 Constraint Equations
23.2.5 State Equations
23.2.6 Initial and Boundary Conditions
23.3 Results and Discussion
23.3.1 Model Validation
23.3.2 Impact of Condensate
23.3.3 Impact of Fractures
23.3.4 TPG Distribution
23.4 Conclusions
Acknowledgments
References
Index

Back to Top



Description
Author/Editor Details
Table of Contents
Bookmark this page