-
Browse Book Series
- Adhesion and Adhesives: Fundamental and Applied Aspects
- Advances in Additive Manufacturing Technologies
- Advances in Antenna, Microwave and Communication Engineering
- Advances in Biofeedstocks and Biofuels
- Advances in Cyber Security
- Advances in Data Engineering and Machine Learning
- Advances in Disease Diagnosis, Drug Delivery and Treatment
- Advances in E-Mobility
- Advances in Hydrogen Production and Storage
- Advances in Intelligent and Scientific Computing (AISC)
- Advances in Learning Analytics for Intelligent Cloud-IoT Systems
- Advances in Membrane Processes
- Advances in Nanotechnology and Applications
- Advances in Natural Gas Engineering
- Advances in Pipes and Pipelines
- Advances in Production Engineering
- Advances in Solar Cell Materials and Storage
- Applied Functional Materials
- Artificial Intelligence and Soft Computing for Industrial Transformation
- Astrobiology Perspectives on Life in the Universe
- Bioprocessing in Food Science
- Computational Intelligence and Biomedical Engineering
- Concise Introductions to AI and Data Science
- Cyber Systems and Quantum Engineering
- Decentralized Systems and Next-Generation Internet
- Diatoms: Biology and Applications
- Digital Convergence in Engineering Systems
- Emerging Trends in Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry
- Engineering Systems Design for Sustainable Development
- Fintech in a Sustainable Digital Society
- Industry 5.0 Transformation Applications
- Infectious and Rare Diseases
- Innovations in Materials and Manufacturing
- Leading-Edge Breakthroughs in Artificial Intelligence
- Machine Learning in Biomedical Science and Healthcare Informatics
- Marine Nanoscience and Nanotechnology
- Materials Degradation and Failure
- Mathematics and Computer Science
- Next-Generation Computing and Communication Engineering
- Performability Engineering Series
- Rotating Machinery Fundamentals and Advances
- Studies in Computational Intelligence and Smart Technologies
- Sustainable Computing and Optimization
Browse Subject Areas
For Authors
Submit a ProposalOilseed Crops
One Line Description
Oilseed Crops offers essential insights into sustainable biotechnological advancements which are vital for enhancing oil production and meeting the skyrocketing global demand for food, fuel, and energy.
Audience
Undergraduate, graduate, and post-graduate students, academics, policymakers, and researchers interested in the use of oil seed crops for the production of biofuels as a renewable fuel source
Undergraduate, graduate, and post-graduate students, academics, policymakers, and researchers interested in the use of oil seed crops for the production of biofuels as a renewable fuel source
Description
Plants have been used in biotechnology investigations since the beginning of the 20th century and are considered sustainable sources that meet the global demand for food, fodder, and fuel. Among all types of plants, oil seed crops have a significant role in supplying energy to numerous industries and living beings. The 21st century is an era of sustainability, and in the last few decades, plant oil demand has skyrocketed. To fill the demand, numerous perilous techniques, as well as some effective biotechnology methods, are used globally.
Oilseed Crops is a unique book that aims to provide key insights into edible and non-edible oil enhancement in plants using various sustainable biotechnological approaches, as well as an overview of the worldwide oil plant scenario, factors affecting the growth and yield of oil seed crops, methods to detect adulteration of the oils, and strategies to enhance the yield of the oil seed crops. It covers the latest information on oil seed plant research, including plant-microbe interaction, drought-tolerant varieties, new adulteration detection methods, and advanced molecular biotechnology techniques to improve oil production. This work aims to highlight all of these major biotechnology breakthroughs with potential future avenues for increasing oil yield. The production of biofuels using non-edible oil seed plants will be the key issue highlighted and discussed to meet the global demand of biofuels.
Back to Top
Plants have been used in biotechnology investigations since the beginning of the 20th century and are considered sustainable sources that meet the global demand for food, fodder, and fuel. Among all types of plants, oil seed crops have a significant role in supplying energy to numerous industries and living beings. The 21st century is an era of sustainability, and in the last few decades, plant oil demand has skyrocketed. To fill the demand, numerous perilous techniques, as well as some effective biotechnology methods, are used globally.
Oilseed Crops is a unique book that aims to provide key insights into edible and non-edible oil enhancement in plants using various sustainable biotechnological approaches, as well as an overview of the worldwide oil plant scenario, factors affecting the growth and yield of oil seed crops, methods to detect adulteration of the oils, and strategies to enhance the yield of the oil seed crops. It covers the latest information on oil seed plant research, including plant-microbe interaction, drought-tolerant varieties, new adulteration detection methods, and advanced molecular biotechnology techniques to improve oil production. This work aims to highlight all of these major biotechnology breakthroughs with potential future avenues for increasing oil yield. The production of biofuels using non-edible oil seed plants will be the key issue highlighted and discussed to meet the global demand of biofuels.
Back to Top
Author / Editor Details
Yogesh Suryawanshi, PhD is an Assistant Professor at the Yoga and Naturopathy Department, Vishwakarma University, Pune, India with over three years of teaching and research experience in seed oil research. He has published over ten research articles in international journal and his interests include plant biotechnology, plant tissue culture, hydroponic techniques, secondary metabolites, essential and seed Oil, FAME identifications, Oil variability, TBO’s variability, Medicinal and Aromatic Plants.
Yogesh Suryawanshi, PhD is an Assistant Professor at the Yoga and Naturopathy Department, Vishwakarma University, Pune, India with over three years of teaching and research experience in seed oil research. He has published over ten research articles in international journal and his interests include plant biotechnology, plant tissue culture, hydroponic techniques, secondary metabolites, essential and seed Oil, FAME identifications, Oil variability, TBO’s variability, Medicinal and Aromatic Plants.
Mohd. Shahnawaz, PhD is an Assistant Professor at Department of Botany, GDC Drass, A Constituent College of University of Ladakh, Drass, Ladakh UT, India. Previosuly, he worked as an Assistant Professor at Department of Botany, Kargil Campus, University of Ladakh, Ladakh UT, India with several years of teaching and postdoctoral research experience. He has published over 25 research articles, 20 book chapters, and 16 books of international repute. Additionally, he serves as reviewer and editor for several international journals and has been awarded a number of research fellowships. His research interests include integrative medicine, ecology, microbiology, plant biotechnology, and bioremediation.
Jyoti Parihar, PhD is a Principal, Government Post Graduate College of Education, Jammu, India with over 26 years of undergraduate teaching experience. She has presented her work at various national and international conferences in addition to publishing three book chapters, two edited books, and more than ten research papers in journals of repute. Her research interests include medicinal plant biotechnology, plant secondary metabolites, oil seed crops, and different domains of pedagogy in biosciences.
Refaz Ahmad Dar, PhD is an Assistant Professor at Department of Biotechnology, Government Degree College Women, Anantnag, Jammu and Kashmir, India with over ten years of teaching experience. He has presented his work in various parts of the country and published dozens of papers, book chapters, and three books of international repute. Additionally, he is a reviewer of several peer-reviewed journals. His research interests focus on microbial biotechnological strategies to enhance the contents of plant secondary metabolites of medicinal plants and oil seed crops.
Shallu Samyal, PhD is a Principal, Government Degree College Bishnah, Jammu and Kashmir, India with over 24 years of experience. She has presented in various national and international conferences and has published several book chapters and over ten research papers in journals of repute. Additionally, she is a reviewer for various peer-reviewed journals. Her expertise is in mycology, mycotoxicology, and plant pathology of fruits and dried commodities.
Back to Top
Table of Contents
Preface
Acknowledgment
About the Book
1. Sustainable Era of Oilseed Plants: A General Introduction
Prachi Sharad Kakade, Yogesh Suryawanshi and Reshma Bhagwanrao Patil
1.1 Introduction
1.2 Strategies for Enhancement in Oil Production from Oilseed Plants on Sustainable Basis
1.2.1 Irrigation Techniques
1.2.2 Moisture Preservation Strategies
1.2.3 Weed Management Practices
1.2.4 Selection of Crop and Variety
1.2.5 Crop Rotations
1.3 Development of Tolerant Varieties to Biotic and Abiotic Stresses
1.4 Soil Amendments
1.5 Integrated Pest Management (IPM)
1.6 Intercropping
1.7 Breeding of Oilseed Plants to Mitigate Climate Change
1.8 Role of Genomics and Genetic Manipulation in Oilseed Plants
1.8.1 Molecular Adjustments of Oilseed Crops
1.8.2 Cisgenesis in Oilseed Plants
1.8.3 Genome Plasticity and Phenotypic Plasticity
1.8.4 Gene Expression
1.9 Carbon Footprint and Greenhouse Gas (GHG) Emissions
1.10 Oil in Contrast to Protein in Oilseed Crops
1.11 Genetic Architecture of Seed Quality and Ideotypes
1.12 Prioritizing Breeding Objectives of Oilseed Crops
1.13 Phenological Plasticity and Plant Architecture
1.14 Pre-Breeding for Oilseed Crops and Germplasm Enhancement
1.15 Novel Vision Towards Sustainable Epoch of Oilseed Plants—the “Omics”
1.15.1 Plant Breeding Associated with Genomics Based Techniques
1.15.1.1 QTL or Linkage Mapping
1.15.1.2 Genome-Wide Association/Linkage Disequilibrium (LD) Mapping
1.15.1.3 Marker-Assisted Selection (MAS) for Gene Introgression
1.15.1.4 Oilseed Crop Improvement Through Transgenic Breeding
1.16 Transcriptomic Approach
1.17 Metabolomics Approach
1.18 Conclusion
References
2. Edible Oilseed Plants: An Overview
Quseen Mushtaq Reshi, Tariq Ahmad Lone, Imtiaz Ahmed, Nusrat Jan, Muzamil Sidiq and Refaz Ahmad Dar
2.1 Introduction
2.2 Types of Edible Oils
2.2.1 Zea mays (Maize)
2.2.2 Elaeis guineensis (Palm)
2.2.3 Aleurites moluccana
2.2.4 Linum strictum
2.2.5 Arachis (Groundnut)
2.2.6 Gossypium (Cottonseed)
2.2.7 Helianthus annuus (Sunflower)
2.2.8 Sesamum (Sesame)
2.2.9 Carthamus tinctorius (Safflower)
2.2.10 Glycine (Soyabean)
2.2.11 Hibiscus
2.2.12 Persea americana
2.2.13 Brassica
2.3 Benefits Offered by Oilseeds
2.4 Adulteration
2.5 Conclusion
References
3. Non-Edible Oilseeds: An Overview
Nusrat Jan, Subhash Chander Kashyap, Tariq Ahmad Lone, Quseen Mushtaq and Refaz Ahmad Dar
3.1 Introduction
3.2 Major Non-Edible Tree-Borne Oilseeds (TBOs)
3.2.1 Jatropha curcas (Ratanjyot)
3.2.1.1 Composition of Oil
3.2.2 Pongamia pinnata (Karanj)
3.2.2.1 Composition of Oil
3.2.3 Azadirachta indica (Neem)
3.2.3.1 Composition of Oil
3.2.4 Madhuca longifolia (Mahua)
3.2.4.1 Composition of Oil
3.2.5 Ricinus communis (Castor)
3.2.5.1 Composition of Oil
3.3 Biodiesel
3.4 Transesterification
3.4.1 Transesterification that is Catalyzed by Bases
3.4.2 Transesterification that is Catalyzed by Acid
3.5 Conclusion
References
4. Challenges in Collection, Storage, Extraction, and Detection of Oil in Oilseed Crops
Aziz Ahmed, Surbhi Jangir, Mohd Shuaib, Mayank Bansal, Rakesh Kumar Gupta and Mrunal K. Shirsat
4.1 Introduction
4.2 Challenges in Collection and Storage of Oil from Oilseed Crops
4.2.1 Problems and Constraints in Cultivation of Oilseed Crops
4.2.2 Constraints and Problems in Oilseed Collection
4.2.2.1 Challenging Factors of Abiotic Stress
4.2.2.2 Challenging Factors of Biotic Stress
4.2.3 Constraints and Challenging Factors of Storing of Oilseeds
4.2.3.1 Constraints and Problems in Quality of Seeds for the Period of Storage
4.2.3.2 Constraints and Difficulties Impact the Active Components of Seed During Store Time
4.3 Challenges in Extraction and Detection of Oil from Oilseed Crops
4.3.1 Need of Life Cycle and Ecological Effect Assessment on Expression of Oilseed Oil
4.3.2 Requirement of Techno-Economic Analysis (TEA) in Extraction of Seed Oil
4.3.3 Requirement of the Recognition of Seed Oil
4.3.4 The Chief Pollutants in Fixed Oil of Seeds
4.3.4.1 Fungal Toxins
4.3.4.2 Pesticide Content
4.3.4.3 Elements as Heavy Metals in Edible Oil
4.4 Limitations and Problems in Various Methods of Detection of Seed Oil
4.5 Conclusion
References
5. Bacterial Pathogens of the Oilseed Crops: Loss of Yield and Crop Management
Tariq Ahmad L., Quseen Mushtaq R. and Nusrat Jan
5.1 Introduction
5.2 Bacterial Pustule Disease
5.2.1 Causative Pathogenic Bacteria
5.2.2 Colony Morphology
5.2.3 Cultural Morphological Characters
5.2.4 Symptoms of the Disease
5.2.5 Disease Management
5.2.5.1 Host Resistant
5.2.5.2 Cultural Control
5.2.5.3 Chemical Control
5.3 Bacterial Blight
5.3.1 Causative Pathogenic Bacterium
5.3.2 Colony Morphology
5.3.3 Cultural Morphological Characters
5.3.4 Symptom of the Disease
5.3.5 Disease Management Control
5.3.5.1 Host Plant Resistance
5.3.5.2 Biological Control
5.3.5.3 Chemical Control
5.3.5.4 Cultural Control
5.4 Bacterial Top/Stalk Rot
5.4.1 Causative Pathogenic Bacteria
5.4.2 Colony Morphology
5.4.3 Cultural Morphological Characters
5.4.4 Symptoms of the Disease
5.4.5 Disease Management
5.4.5.1 Cultural Control
5.4.5.2 Host Resistance
5.4.5.3 Chemical Control
5.4.5.4 Biological Control
5.5 Bacterial Wilt of Peanut
5.5.1 Causative Pathogenic Bacteria
5.5.2 Colony Morphology
5.5.3 Cultural Morphological Characters
5.5.4 Symptoms of the Disease
5.5.5 Disease Management
5.5.5.1 Host Plant Resistance
5.5.5.2 Cultural Control
5.5.5.3 Biological Control
5.5.5.4 Chemical Control
5.6 Bacterial Rot
5.6.1 Causative Pathogen Bacterium
5.6.2 Colony Morphology
5.6.3 Cultural Morphological Characters
5.6.4 Symptoms of the Disease
5.6.5 Disease Management
5.6.5.1 Host Plant Resistance
5.6.5.2 Biological Control
5.6.5.3 Chemical Control
5.7 Peanut Witches’ Broom
5.7.1 Causative Pathogenic Bacterium
5.7.2 Colony Morphology
5.7.3 Cultural Morphological Characters
5.7.4 Symptoms of the Disease
5.7.5 Disease Management Control
5.7.5.1 Disease Resistant Crops
5.7.5.2 Tissue Culture
5.7.5.3 Plantibodies
5.7.5.4 Antibiotics
5.8 Phyllody and Aster Yellows
5.8.1 Causative Pathogenic Bacterium
5.8.2 Colony Morphology
5.8.3 Cultural Morphological Characters
5.8.4 Symptoms of the Disease
5.8.5 Disease Management Control
5.8.5.1 Disease Resistant Crops
5.8.5.2 Tissue Culture
5.8.5.3 Plantibodies
5.8.5.4 Antibiotics
5.9 Other Bacterial Diseases
5.10 Conclusion
References
6. Fungal Pathogens of the Oilseed Crops: Loss of Yield and Crop Management
Tariq Ahmad Lone
6.1 Introduction
6.2 Seed Rot and Seedling Disease Complex
6.2.1 Causative Pathogenic Fungi
6.2.2 Colony Morphology
6.2.3 Symptoms Related to Disease
6.2.4 Disease Management
6.2.4.1 Cultural Control
6.2.4.2 Biological Control
6.2.4.3 Chemical Control: Fungicidal Seed Treatment
6.3 Early and Late Leaf Spots
6.3.1 Causative Pathogenic Fungi
6.3.2 Colony Morphology
6.3.3 Symptoms Related to Disease
6.3.4 Disease Management
6.3.4.1 Host Plant Resistance
6.3.4.2 Molecular Breeding and Transgenic Peanuts for ELS and LLS Resistance
6.3.4.3 Cultural Control
6.3.4.4 Biological Control
6.3.4.5 Chemical Control
6.4 Rust Disease of Peanuts
6.4.1 Causative Pathogenic Fungus
6.4.2 Colony Morphology
6.4.3 Symptoms Related to Disease
6.4.4 Disease Management
6.4.4.1 Host Plant Resistance
6.4.4.2 Molecular Breeding and Genetically Modified Peanuts for Resistance to the Rust Disease
6.4.4.3 Cultural Control
6.4.4.4 Biological Control
6.4.4.5 Chemical Control
6.5 Yellow Mold and Aflaroot
6.5.1 Causative Pathogenic Fungus
6.5.2 Colony Morphology
6.5.3 Symptoms Related to Disease
6.5.3.1 Yellow Mold Phase
6.5.4 Disease Management
6.5.4.1 Chemical Control by Fungicide
6.5.4.2 Biocontrol
6.6 Sclerotium Stem Rot
6.6.1 Causative Pathogenic Fungus
6.6.2 Colony Morphology
6.6.3 Symptoms Related to Disease
6.6.4 Disease Management
6.6.4.1 Cultural Control
6.6.4.2 Biological Control
6.7 Aspergillus Crown Rot or Collar Rot
6.7.1 Causative Pathogenic Fungi
6.7.2 Colony Morphology
6.7.3 Symptoms Related to Disease
6.7.4 Disease Management
6.7.4.1 Host Resistance
6.7.4.2 Cultural Control
6.7.4.3 Biological Control
6.7.4.4 Chemical Control
6.8 Charcoal Rot
6.8.1 Causative Pathogenic Fungus
6.8.2 Colony Morphology
6.8.3 Symptoms Related to Disease
6.8.4 Disease Management
6.8.4.1 Host Plant Resistance
6.8.4.2 Cultural Control
6.8.4.3 Biological Control
6.8.4.4 Chemical Control
6.8.4.5 Effects of Plant Extracts
6.9 Sclerotinia Blight
6.9.1 Causative Pathogenic Fungi
6.9.2 Colony Morphology
6.9.3 Symptoms Related to Disease
6.9.4 Disease Management
6.9.4.1 Host Plant Resistance
6.9.4.2 Molecular Breeding and Transgenic Peanuts for Sclerotinia Blight Resistance
6.9.4.3 Cultural Control
6.9.4.4 Biological Control
6.9.4.5 Chemical Control
6.10 Cylindrocladium Black Rot
6.10.1 Causative Pathogenic Fungi
6.10.2 Colony Morphology
6.10.3 Symptoms Related to Disease
6.10.4 Disease Management
6.10.4.1 Host Plant Resistance
6.10.4.2 Cultural Control
6.10.4.3 Chemical Control
6.11 Peg and Pod Rots
6.11.1 Causative Pathogenic Fungi
6.11.2 Cultural Morphology
6.11.3 Symptoms Related to Disease
6.11.4 Disease Management
6.11.4.1 Host Resistance
6.12 Invasion of Peanut Pods and Kernels
6.12.1 Aflatoxin Production
6.12.2 Aflatoxin Management
6.12.2.1 Host Plant Resistance
6.12.2.2 Biological Control
6.13 Conclusion
References
7. Impact of Climate Change on The Yield of Oilseed Crops
Dwaipayan Sinha, Rameesha Abid, Aayesha Riaz, Sushmita Thokchom, Venkatesh Iddumu, Guntamukkala Sekhar, Bushra Khan, Zulqarnain Haider, Saman Gulrez,
Maliha Rashid, Wajya Ajmal, Shakira Ghazanfar, Sanchita Seal, Asha Kadam and Ratul Bhattacharya
7.1 Introduction
7.2 Current Status of Oilseed Production
7.3 Effect of Climate Change/Stress on Production of Oilseeds
7.4 Impact of Drought on Oilseed Production
7.5 Impact of High Temperature on Oilseed Production
7.6 Impact of Low Temperature on Oilseed Production
7.7 Measures to Overcome Drought and Temperature Stress in Oilseed Crops
7.8 Effect of Salinity Stress on the Production of Oilseeds
7.9 Effect of Heavy Metals on the Production of Oilseeds
7.10 Effect of Flooding on the Production or Yield of Oilseeds
7.11 Role of Biotechnology to Mitigate Climate Change and Environmental Stress
7.12 Employment of Energy-Efficient Farming
7.13 Mycobiotechnology
7.14 Plant Transformation Through Genome Editing Techniques
7.15 CRISPR/Cas9 System for Crop Improvement
7.15.1 Zinc Finger Nucleases (ZFNs)
7.15.2 Transcription Activator-Like Effector Nucleases (TALENs)
7.16 Prospects and Conclusion
References
8. Methods to Detect Adulteration in Edible Oils
Bhavna Mahajan, Rukhsana A. Rub, Priyanka Gawarkar-Patil, Shital Godse, Yogesh Suryawanshi, Prajakta Kapadnis and Sojwal Patil
8.1 Introduction
8.1.1 Composition of Edible Oils
8.1.2 Metabolism and Biological Significance of Edible Oils
8.1.3 Edible Oil Adulteration and Health Hazards
8.1.4 Techniques Used to Tamper with Edible Oil
8.2 Methods to Detect Adulteration of Edible Oil
8.2.1 Physicochemical Methods
8.2.1.1 Peroxide Value
8.2.1.2 Acid Value
8.2.1.3 Saponification Value
8.2.1.4 Ester Value
8.2.1.5 Unsaponifiable Matter (%)
8.2.1.6 Iodine Value (IV)
8.2.1.7 Specific Gravity
8.2.1.8 Refractive Index
8.2.2 Laboratory Test Tube Methods
8.2.3 Sophisticated Instrumental Methods for Adulteration Detection in Edible Oils
8.2.3.1 UV Spectroscopy
8.2.3.2 Infrared Spectroscopy
8.2.3.3 Near Infrared Spectroscopy
8.2.3.4 Raman Spectroscopy
8.2.3.5 NMR Technique
8.2.3.6 Fluorescence Spectroscopy
8.2.3.7 Thermal Analysis Methods
8.2.3.8 HPLC
8.2.3.9 HPLC-MS/MS
8.2.3.10 UPLC-MS
8.2.3.11 GC-MS/MS
8.2.3.12 DNA-Based Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) Amplification of Specific DNA Sequences
8.3 How to Stop Adulteration
8.4 Conclusion
References
9. Impact of Adulterants on Quality of Edible Oils
Anirudh Gururaj Patil, Soumitra Banerjee and Snehal T. Yadav
9.1 Food Adulteration
9.1.1 Intentional
9.1.2 Unintentional
9.1.3 Metallic
9.1.4 Microbial
9.2 Adulteration in Different Food Products
9.2.1 Adulterants in Food Products
9.2.1.1 Milk and Milk Products
9.2.1.2 Cereal Adulteration
9.2.1.3 Spices Adulteration
9.2.1.4 Other Adulterations
9.2.2 Adulteration in Edible Oils
9.2.2.1 Admixing Cold Press Oil with Refined One
9.2.2.2 Replacement of More Expensive Oils
9.2.2.3 Health Risks of Adulterated Foods on Health
9.3 Economic Impact of Adulteration
9.4 Effect of Adulteration on Edible Oil Quality and Target Molecules
9.4.1 Fatty Acids (FAs) as Target Compounds
9.4.2 Triacylglycerols (TAGs)
9.4.3 Tocopherols and Tocotrienols as Target Compounds for Detection
9.4.4 Sterols as Target Compounds
9.4.5 VOCs as Target Compounds
9.5 Adulteration Detection Techniques
9.5.1 Voltametric Electronic Tongue and Nose
9.5.2 UV Spectrophotometry
9.5.3 Mass Spectrometry (MS)
9.5.4 Infrared Spectroscopy
9.5.5 Chromatography
9.5.6 Fiber Optic-Based Techniques
9.5.7 DNA-Based Techniques
9.5.8 Electronic Nose (E-Nose) and Biosensors
9.6 Machine Learning in Identifying Edible Oil Adulteration
9.7 Technical Challenges and Future Prospects
9.8 Conclusion
Acknowledgement
References
10. Secondary Metabolites Production and Yield of Oilseed Plants
Meraj Ahmed, Princy Thakur, Vivek Kamble, Ab Waheed Wani, Sanjeev Kumar, Zarina and Saurabha B. Zimare
10.1 Introduction
10.2 Terpenoids
10.3 Alkaloids
10.4 Phenolics
10.5 Oilseed Crops
10.6 Cultivation of Oilseed Crops
10.7 Secondary Metabolites
10.8 Current Production of Oilseed Crops
10.9 Uses of Important Oilseed Crops
10.10 Oilseed Crop Utilization
10.10.1 In the Food Industry
10.10.2 Biofuel Industry
10.10.3 The Yield of Oilseed Crops
10.10.4 Improvement Strategies
10.11 Conclusion
References
11. Genetics and Plant Breeding to Improve the Yield of Oilseed Crops
Swati Tyagi, Shalma Maman, Ajesh B. R., Shashidhar B. R. and Aditya Tyagi
11.1 Introduction
11.2 Breeding Objectives to Improve the Yield of Oilseed Crops
11.2.1 Breeding Objectives for Brassica (Mustard)
11.2.2 Breeding Objectives for Arachis hypogaea (Groundnut)
11.2.3 Breeding Objectives for Glycine max (Soybean)
11.2.4 Breeding Objectives for Helianthus (Sunflower)
11.3 Genetics of Important Traits in Major Oilseed Crops
11.4 Conventional and Non-Conventional Breeding Approaches for Boosting Yield in Major Oilseed Crops
11.4.1 Brassica Breeding Techniques for Yield Improvement
11.4.1.1 Conventional Breeding Techniques
11.4.1.2 Non-Conventional Breeding Techniques
11.4.2 Groundnut Breeding Techniques for Yield Improvement
11.4.2.1 Conventional Breeding Approaches
11.4.2.2 Non-Conventional Breeding Approaches
11.4.3 Soybean Breeding Techniques for Yield Improvement
11.4.3.1 Breeding for Longer Oil Shelf Life by Genetically Increasing Oleic Acid
Content and Reducing Linolenic Acid
11.4.3.2 Pyramiding and Stacking the Desirable Quality Traits
11.4.3.3 Breeding for Disease Resistance
11.4.3.4 Breeding for Protein and Oil
11.4.3.5 Transgenic Approaches
11.4.4 Castor Breeding Techniques for Yield Improvement
11.4.4.1 Conventional Breeding Techniques
11.4.4.2 Genomics-Assisted Breeding
11.4.4.3 Varietal Development
11.4.5 Sunflower Breeding Techniques for Yield Improvement
11.4.5.1 Conventional Methods
11.4.5.2 Non-Conventional Approaches
11.5 Discussion and Conclusion
References
12. Mutation Breeding to Enhance Quality and Quantity of Oilseed Crops
Archana O., Shree Kumari G.R., Ajith Kumar K. and Lokesh Ravi
12.1 Introduction
12.2 Landmark Achievements
12.3 Techniques to Advance the Enhancement of Oilseed Crops
12.3.1 Genetic Engineering Approach to Enhance Quality and Quantity of Oilseed Crops
12.3.2 Molecular Approach to Enhance Quality and Quantity Oilseed Crops
12.4 Overview of Oilseed Production Status
12.5 Impact of Mutation on Fatty Acid Composition, Nutrition, Quality, and Quantity of Oilseeds
12.6 Future Prospects
12.7 Conclusion
References
13. Hydroponics Farming: A Holistic Perspective for Crop Production
Tarun Sharma, Ananthakrishnan S., Sandeep Gawdiya, Anjali Rawat, Akashdeep Singh, Yogesh Suryawanshi, Garima Chauhan and Ranbir Singh Rana
13.1 Introduction
13.2 Traditional vs. Vertical Farming
13.2.1 Traditional Farming
13.2.2 Vertical Farming
13.3 Hydroponics Farming
13.3.1 Benefits of Hydroponics Farming
13.3.2 Types of Hydroponic Systems
13.3.3 Global Scenario on Hydroponic Farming
13.4 Hydroponics and Seed Crops
13.5 Future Opportunities in Hydroponics
13.5.1 Sustainable Hydroponic Systems
13.5.2 New Crop Varieties for Hydroponics
13.5.3 Hydroponics in Urban Agriculture
13.5.4 Integration of Technology in Hydroponic Systems
13.5.5 Advancements in Hydroponic Lighting Systems
13.5.6 Use of Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Machine Learning in Hydroponics
13.5.7 Hydroponic Systems in Space Exploration and Colonization
13.5.8 Increased Research and Development in Hydroponics
13.5.9 Hydroponics for Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Production
13.6 Conclusion
References
14. RNA Interference to Enhance the Yield of the Oilseed Crops
Aditya Tyagi, V. Shanmugam, Riti Thapar Kapoor, Swati Tyagi, Bhaswati Banerjee and Ashutosh Rai
14.1 Introduction
14.1.1 Oilseed Crop
14.1.2 RNAi Technique
14.1.3 History of RNAi
14.1.4 Biogenesis of RNAi
14.1.5 RNAi for Oilseed Crops
14.2 Implementation of RNAi Technique in Crop Improvement
14.2.1 Alteration in Plants
14.2.2 Abiotic Stress
14.2.3 Biotic Stress
14.3 Challenges Preventing RNAi
14.3.1 Off-Target Effects
14.3.2 The Design of dsRNA
14.3.3 Length and Concentration of dsRNA
14.3.4 Screening of Target Genes
14.3.5 Durability of the Silencing Effects
14.3.6 Life Stage of Target Organisms
14.3.7 Methods of Delivery and Uptake Mechanism
14.3.8 Nucleases and Viruses
14.7 Conclusion
References
15. Enhancing Oilseed Crop Productivity and Quality with CRISPR/Cas Gene-Editing Technologies
Harsha R. Shabhanani, Swati M. Jog, Pratiksha Pundir, Pinal Vekariya and Amarchand Chordia Murugan
15.1 Introduction
15.2 CRISPR/Cas9 Platform
15.2.1 Structure and Function of Cas9 Nuclease Activity
15.2.1.1 Structure of Cas9
15.2.1.2 Function of Cas9
15.2.1.3 Mechanism of Working
15.2.2 CRISPR/Cas9 Vector System for Plant Transformation
15.2.2.1 Cas9 Expression Cassettes
15.2.2.2 SgRNA Expression Cassettes
15.2.3 CRISPR/Cas9-Mediated Multiplex Genome Editing
15.2.3.1 Challenges of Multiplexed CRISPR Technologies
15.2.4 Features of CRISPR/Cas9-Induced Mutations for Crop Improvement
15.2.4.1 Mutations Efficiency of CRISPR/Cas9
15.3 Metabolic Pathways for Oil-Biosynthesis in Oilseed Crops
15.4 Oilseed drops
15.4.1 Soyabean
15.4.2 Sunflower
15.4.3 Canola
15.4.4 Palm
15.4.5 Castor
15.4.6 Cotton
15.4.7 Peanuts
15.4.8 Olive
15.4.9 Camelina
15.5 Exploiting the CRISPR/Cas9 Potential for Crop Improvement
15.5.1 Increased Seed Number and Size
15.5.2 Enhancing Abiotic Stress Tolerance and Improving Pathogen Resistance In Oilseed Crops
15.5.2.1 Improving Resistance to Abiotic Stress
15.5.2.2 Improving Pathogen Resistance in Oilseed Crops
15.6 Challenges and Future Prospects
References
16. Future Opportunities in the Edible Oil Crop Industry
Poonam Joshi, Gulafshan Parveen, Sapna Rawat, Shivani Rawat, Babita Negi and Purabi Saha
16.1 Introduction
16.2 Physical Characteristics
16.3 Chemical Characteristics
16.4 Sources
16.4.1 Animal Sources
16.4.2 Plant Sources
16.5 Emphasize the Perspective Challenges of Edible Oils
16.6 The Present Scenario in India of Edible Oils Industry
16.7 Conclusion
References
17. Use of Non-Edible Oilseeds Crops for the Production of Biofuels
Princy Thakur, Meraj Ahmed, Ab Waheed Wani, Adil Rahim, Vikansha Thakur, Sanjeev Kumar, Zarina and Saurabha Bhimrao Zimare
17.1 Introduction
17.1.1 Non-Edible Oil Merits as Biofuel Source
17.1.2 Feedstocks Used for Biofuel Production
17.2 Properties of the Non-Edible Oil
17.2.1 Jatropha (Jatropha curcas L.)
17.2.2 Castor Oil (Ricinus communis L.)
17.2.3 Karanja Oil (Millettia pinnata L.)
17.2.4 Polanga Oil (Pentadesma butyracea)
17.2.5 Jojoba Oil (Simmondsia chinensis)
17.2.6 Neem (Azadirachta indica)
17.3 Preparation of Seeds
17.4 Sun Drying and Decortication
17.5 Extraction
17.5.1 Mechanical Extraction
17.5.2 Chemical Extraction
17.5.3 Enzymatic Oil Extraction
17.6 Conclusion
References
18. Applications of Machine Learning in Oilseed Crops and Industries
Vishal Meshram, Vidula Meshram, Reshma Pise, Yogesh Suryawanshi and Kailas Patil
18.1 Introduction
18.2 Oilseed Market and Farming
18.3 Machine Learning
18.3.1 What is Machine Learning?
18.3.2 Stages in ML Model Development
18.3.2.1 Data Collection
18.3.2.2 Feature Engineering
18.3.2.3 Data Splitting
18.3.2.4 Model Training and Testing
18.3.3 Types Machine Learning Algorithms
18.3.3.1 Supervised Learning
18.3.3.2 Unsupervised Learning
18.3.3.3 Semi-Supervised Machine Learning
18.3.3.4 Support Vector Machine (SVM)
18.3.3.5 K-Means Clustering
18.4 Application of ML in Oilseed Industries
18.5 Future Directions and Challenges
18.6 Conclusion
References
19. Genetic Engineering to Enhance the Oilseed Crops Yield
Bipratip Dutta, Sougata Bhattacharjee, Koushik Biswas, Bablee Kumari Singh, Rakesh Bhowmick, Chandrika Das, Prity Kumari Singh and Krishnayan Paul
19.1 Introduction
19.2 Oilseed Crops Description with Example and Importance
19.3 Present Scenario of Oilseed Crops with Special Focus on Yield and Quality
19.4 Conventional Approaches Used to Date and the Need for Biotechnological Tools
19.5 Use of Biotechnological Tools
19.5.1 Haploidy and Mutation Breeding
19.5.2 Genetic Engineering
19.5.3 Genome Editing Tools
19.6 Significant Achievements in Oilseed Crops Research Regarding Oil Quantity and Quality
19.6.1 Soybean
19.6.2 Sunflower
19.6.3 Canola
19.6.4 Other Important Oilseed Crops
19.6 Conclusion
References
About the Editors
Index
Back to Top
Preface
Acknowledgment
About the Book
1. Sustainable Era of Oilseed Plants: A General Introduction
Prachi Sharad Kakade, Yogesh Suryawanshi and Reshma Bhagwanrao Patil
1.1 Introduction
1.2 Strategies for Enhancement in Oil Production from Oilseed Plants on Sustainable Basis
1.2.1 Irrigation Techniques
1.2.2 Moisture Preservation Strategies
1.2.3 Weed Management Practices
1.2.4 Selection of Crop and Variety
1.2.5 Crop Rotations
1.3 Development of Tolerant Varieties to Biotic and Abiotic Stresses
1.4 Soil Amendments
1.5 Integrated Pest Management (IPM)
1.6 Intercropping
1.7 Breeding of Oilseed Plants to Mitigate Climate Change
1.8 Role of Genomics and Genetic Manipulation in Oilseed Plants
1.8.1 Molecular Adjustments of Oilseed Crops
1.8.2 Cisgenesis in Oilseed Plants
1.8.3 Genome Plasticity and Phenotypic Plasticity
1.8.4 Gene Expression
1.9 Carbon Footprint and Greenhouse Gas (GHG) Emissions
1.10 Oil in Contrast to Protein in Oilseed Crops
1.11 Genetic Architecture of Seed Quality and Ideotypes
1.12 Prioritizing Breeding Objectives of Oilseed Crops
1.13 Phenological Plasticity and Plant Architecture
1.14 Pre-Breeding for Oilseed Crops and Germplasm Enhancement
1.15 Novel Vision Towards Sustainable Epoch of Oilseed Plants—the “Omics”
1.15.1 Plant Breeding Associated with Genomics Based Techniques
1.15.1.1 QTL or Linkage Mapping
1.15.1.2 Genome-Wide Association/Linkage Disequilibrium (LD) Mapping
1.15.1.3 Marker-Assisted Selection (MAS) for Gene Introgression
1.15.1.4 Oilseed Crop Improvement Through Transgenic Breeding
1.16 Transcriptomic Approach
1.17 Metabolomics Approach
1.18 Conclusion
References
2. Edible Oilseed Plants: An Overview
Quseen Mushtaq Reshi, Tariq Ahmad Lone, Imtiaz Ahmed, Nusrat Jan, Muzamil Sidiq and Refaz Ahmad Dar
2.1 Introduction
2.2 Types of Edible Oils
2.2.1 Zea mays (Maize)
2.2.2 Elaeis guineensis (Palm)
2.2.3 Aleurites moluccana
2.2.4 Linum strictum
2.2.5 Arachis (Groundnut)
2.2.6 Gossypium (Cottonseed)
2.2.7 Helianthus annuus (Sunflower)
2.2.8 Sesamum (Sesame)
2.2.9 Carthamus tinctorius (Safflower)
2.2.10 Glycine (Soyabean)
2.2.11 Hibiscus
2.2.12 Persea americana
2.2.13 Brassica
2.3 Benefits Offered by Oilseeds
2.4 Adulteration
2.5 Conclusion
References
3. Non-Edible Oilseeds: An Overview
Nusrat Jan, Subhash Chander Kashyap, Tariq Ahmad Lone, Quseen Mushtaq and Refaz Ahmad Dar
3.1 Introduction
3.2 Major Non-Edible Tree-Borne Oilseeds (TBOs)
3.2.1 Jatropha curcas (Ratanjyot)
3.2.1.1 Composition of Oil
3.2.2 Pongamia pinnata (Karanj)
3.2.2.1 Composition of Oil
3.2.3 Azadirachta indica (Neem)
3.2.3.1 Composition of Oil
3.2.4 Madhuca longifolia (Mahua)
3.2.4.1 Composition of Oil
3.2.5 Ricinus communis (Castor)
3.2.5.1 Composition of Oil
3.3 Biodiesel
3.4 Transesterification
3.4.1 Transesterification that is Catalyzed by Bases
3.4.2 Transesterification that is Catalyzed by Acid
3.5 Conclusion
References
4. Challenges in Collection, Storage, Extraction, and Detection of Oil in Oilseed Crops
Aziz Ahmed, Surbhi Jangir, Mohd Shuaib, Mayank Bansal, Rakesh Kumar Gupta and Mrunal K. Shirsat
4.1 Introduction
4.2 Challenges in Collection and Storage of Oil from Oilseed Crops
4.2.1 Problems and Constraints in Cultivation of Oilseed Crops
4.2.2 Constraints and Problems in Oilseed Collection
4.2.2.1 Challenging Factors of Abiotic Stress
4.2.2.2 Challenging Factors of Biotic Stress
4.2.3 Constraints and Challenging Factors of Storing of Oilseeds
4.2.3.1 Constraints and Problems in Quality of Seeds for the Period of Storage
4.2.3.2 Constraints and Difficulties Impact the Active Components of Seed During Store Time
4.3 Challenges in Extraction and Detection of Oil from Oilseed Crops
4.3.1 Need of Life Cycle and Ecological Effect Assessment on Expression of Oilseed Oil
4.3.2 Requirement of Techno-Economic Analysis (TEA) in Extraction of Seed Oil
4.3.3 Requirement of the Recognition of Seed Oil
4.3.4 The Chief Pollutants in Fixed Oil of Seeds
4.3.4.1 Fungal Toxins
4.3.4.2 Pesticide Content
4.3.4.3 Elements as Heavy Metals in Edible Oil
4.4 Limitations and Problems in Various Methods of Detection of Seed Oil
4.5 Conclusion
References
5. Bacterial Pathogens of the Oilseed Crops: Loss of Yield and Crop Management
Tariq Ahmad L., Quseen Mushtaq R. and Nusrat Jan
5.1 Introduction
5.2 Bacterial Pustule Disease
5.2.1 Causative Pathogenic Bacteria
5.2.2 Colony Morphology
5.2.3 Cultural Morphological Characters
5.2.4 Symptoms of the Disease
5.2.5 Disease Management
5.2.5.1 Host Resistant
5.2.5.2 Cultural Control
5.2.5.3 Chemical Control
5.3 Bacterial Blight
5.3.1 Causative Pathogenic Bacterium
5.3.2 Colony Morphology
5.3.3 Cultural Morphological Characters
5.3.4 Symptom of the Disease
5.3.5 Disease Management Control
5.3.5.1 Host Plant Resistance
5.3.5.2 Biological Control
5.3.5.3 Chemical Control
5.3.5.4 Cultural Control
5.4 Bacterial Top/Stalk Rot
5.4.1 Causative Pathogenic Bacteria
5.4.2 Colony Morphology
5.4.3 Cultural Morphological Characters
5.4.4 Symptoms of the Disease
5.4.5 Disease Management
5.4.5.1 Cultural Control
5.4.5.2 Host Resistance
5.4.5.3 Chemical Control
5.4.5.4 Biological Control
5.5 Bacterial Wilt of Peanut
5.5.1 Causative Pathogenic Bacteria
5.5.2 Colony Morphology
5.5.3 Cultural Morphological Characters
5.5.4 Symptoms of the Disease
5.5.5 Disease Management
5.5.5.1 Host Plant Resistance
5.5.5.2 Cultural Control
5.5.5.3 Biological Control
5.5.5.4 Chemical Control
5.6 Bacterial Rot
5.6.1 Causative Pathogen Bacterium
5.6.2 Colony Morphology
5.6.3 Cultural Morphological Characters
5.6.4 Symptoms of the Disease
5.6.5 Disease Management
5.6.5.1 Host Plant Resistance
5.6.5.2 Biological Control
5.6.5.3 Chemical Control
5.7 Peanut Witches’ Broom
5.7.1 Causative Pathogenic Bacterium
5.7.2 Colony Morphology
5.7.3 Cultural Morphological Characters
5.7.4 Symptoms of the Disease
5.7.5 Disease Management Control
5.7.5.1 Disease Resistant Crops
5.7.5.2 Tissue Culture
5.7.5.3 Plantibodies
5.7.5.4 Antibiotics
5.8 Phyllody and Aster Yellows
5.8.1 Causative Pathogenic Bacterium
5.8.2 Colony Morphology
5.8.3 Cultural Morphological Characters
5.8.4 Symptoms of the Disease
5.8.5 Disease Management Control
5.8.5.1 Disease Resistant Crops
5.8.5.2 Tissue Culture
5.8.5.3 Plantibodies
5.8.5.4 Antibiotics
5.9 Other Bacterial Diseases
5.10 Conclusion
References
6. Fungal Pathogens of the Oilseed Crops: Loss of Yield and Crop Management
Tariq Ahmad Lone
6.1 Introduction
6.2 Seed Rot and Seedling Disease Complex
6.2.1 Causative Pathogenic Fungi
6.2.2 Colony Morphology
6.2.3 Symptoms Related to Disease
6.2.4 Disease Management
6.2.4.1 Cultural Control
6.2.4.2 Biological Control
6.2.4.3 Chemical Control: Fungicidal Seed Treatment
6.3 Early and Late Leaf Spots
6.3.1 Causative Pathogenic Fungi
6.3.2 Colony Morphology
6.3.3 Symptoms Related to Disease
6.3.4 Disease Management
6.3.4.1 Host Plant Resistance
6.3.4.2 Molecular Breeding and Transgenic Peanuts for ELS and LLS Resistance
6.3.4.3 Cultural Control
6.3.4.4 Biological Control
6.3.4.5 Chemical Control
6.4 Rust Disease of Peanuts
6.4.1 Causative Pathogenic Fungus
6.4.2 Colony Morphology
6.4.3 Symptoms Related to Disease
6.4.4 Disease Management
6.4.4.1 Host Plant Resistance
6.4.4.2 Molecular Breeding and Genetically Modified Peanuts for Resistance to the Rust Disease
6.4.4.3 Cultural Control
6.4.4.4 Biological Control
6.4.4.5 Chemical Control
6.5 Yellow Mold and Aflaroot
6.5.1 Causative Pathogenic Fungus
6.5.2 Colony Morphology
6.5.3 Symptoms Related to Disease
6.5.3.1 Yellow Mold Phase
6.5.4 Disease Management
6.5.4.1 Chemical Control by Fungicide
6.5.4.2 Biocontrol
6.6 Sclerotium Stem Rot
6.6.1 Causative Pathogenic Fungus
6.6.2 Colony Morphology
6.6.3 Symptoms Related to Disease
6.6.4 Disease Management
6.6.4.1 Cultural Control
6.6.4.2 Biological Control
6.7 Aspergillus Crown Rot or Collar Rot
6.7.1 Causative Pathogenic Fungi
6.7.2 Colony Morphology
6.7.3 Symptoms Related to Disease
6.7.4 Disease Management
6.7.4.1 Host Resistance
6.7.4.2 Cultural Control
6.7.4.3 Biological Control
6.7.4.4 Chemical Control
6.8 Charcoal Rot
6.8.1 Causative Pathogenic Fungus
6.8.2 Colony Morphology
6.8.3 Symptoms Related to Disease
6.8.4 Disease Management
6.8.4.1 Host Plant Resistance
6.8.4.2 Cultural Control
6.8.4.3 Biological Control
6.8.4.4 Chemical Control
6.8.4.5 Effects of Plant Extracts
6.9 Sclerotinia Blight
6.9.1 Causative Pathogenic Fungi
6.9.2 Colony Morphology
6.9.3 Symptoms Related to Disease
6.9.4 Disease Management
6.9.4.1 Host Plant Resistance
6.9.4.2 Molecular Breeding and Transgenic Peanuts for Sclerotinia Blight Resistance
6.9.4.3 Cultural Control
6.9.4.4 Biological Control
6.9.4.5 Chemical Control
6.10 Cylindrocladium Black Rot
6.10.1 Causative Pathogenic Fungi
6.10.2 Colony Morphology
6.10.3 Symptoms Related to Disease
6.10.4 Disease Management
6.10.4.1 Host Plant Resistance
6.10.4.2 Cultural Control
6.10.4.3 Chemical Control
6.11 Peg and Pod Rots
6.11.1 Causative Pathogenic Fungi
6.11.2 Cultural Morphology
6.11.3 Symptoms Related to Disease
6.11.4 Disease Management
6.11.4.1 Host Resistance
6.12 Invasion of Peanut Pods and Kernels
6.12.1 Aflatoxin Production
6.12.2 Aflatoxin Management
6.12.2.1 Host Plant Resistance
6.12.2.2 Biological Control
6.13 Conclusion
References
7. Impact of Climate Change on The Yield of Oilseed Crops
Dwaipayan Sinha, Rameesha Abid, Aayesha Riaz, Sushmita Thokchom, Venkatesh Iddumu, Guntamukkala Sekhar, Bushra Khan, Zulqarnain Haider, Saman Gulrez,
Maliha Rashid, Wajya Ajmal, Shakira Ghazanfar, Sanchita Seal, Asha Kadam and Ratul Bhattacharya
7.1 Introduction
7.2 Current Status of Oilseed Production
7.3 Effect of Climate Change/Stress on Production of Oilseeds
7.4 Impact of Drought on Oilseed Production
7.5 Impact of High Temperature on Oilseed Production
7.6 Impact of Low Temperature on Oilseed Production
7.7 Measures to Overcome Drought and Temperature Stress in Oilseed Crops
7.8 Effect of Salinity Stress on the Production of Oilseeds
7.9 Effect of Heavy Metals on the Production of Oilseeds
7.10 Effect of Flooding on the Production or Yield of Oilseeds
7.11 Role of Biotechnology to Mitigate Climate Change and Environmental Stress
7.12 Employment of Energy-Efficient Farming
7.13 Mycobiotechnology
7.14 Plant Transformation Through Genome Editing Techniques
7.15 CRISPR/Cas9 System for Crop Improvement
7.15.1 Zinc Finger Nucleases (ZFNs)
7.15.2 Transcription Activator-Like Effector Nucleases (TALENs)
7.16 Prospects and Conclusion
References
8. Methods to Detect Adulteration in Edible Oils
Bhavna Mahajan, Rukhsana A. Rub, Priyanka Gawarkar-Patil, Shital Godse, Yogesh Suryawanshi, Prajakta Kapadnis and Sojwal Patil
8.1 Introduction
8.1.1 Composition of Edible Oils
8.1.2 Metabolism and Biological Significance of Edible Oils
8.1.3 Edible Oil Adulteration and Health Hazards
8.1.4 Techniques Used to Tamper with Edible Oil
8.2 Methods to Detect Adulteration of Edible Oil
8.2.1 Physicochemical Methods
8.2.1.1 Peroxide Value
8.2.1.2 Acid Value
8.2.1.3 Saponification Value
8.2.1.4 Ester Value
8.2.1.5 Unsaponifiable Matter (%)
8.2.1.6 Iodine Value (IV)
8.2.1.7 Specific Gravity
8.2.1.8 Refractive Index
8.2.2 Laboratory Test Tube Methods
8.2.3 Sophisticated Instrumental Methods for Adulteration Detection in Edible Oils
8.2.3.1 UV Spectroscopy
8.2.3.2 Infrared Spectroscopy
8.2.3.3 Near Infrared Spectroscopy
8.2.3.4 Raman Spectroscopy
8.2.3.5 NMR Technique
8.2.3.6 Fluorescence Spectroscopy
8.2.3.7 Thermal Analysis Methods
8.2.3.8 HPLC
8.2.3.9 HPLC-MS/MS
8.2.3.10 UPLC-MS
8.2.3.11 GC-MS/MS
8.2.3.12 DNA-Based Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) Amplification of Specific DNA Sequences
8.3 How to Stop Adulteration
8.4 Conclusion
References
9. Impact of Adulterants on Quality of Edible Oils
Anirudh Gururaj Patil, Soumitra Banerjee and Snehal T. Yadav
9.1 Food Adulteration
9.1.1 Intentional
9.1.2 Unintentional
9.1.3 Metallic
9.1.4 Microbial
9.2 Adulteration in Different Food Products
9.2.1 Adulterants in Food Products
9.2.1.1 Milk and Milk Products
9.2.1.2 Cereal Adulteration
9.2.1.3 Spices Adulteration
9.2.1.4 Other Adulterations
9.2.2 Adulteration in Edible Oils
9.2.2.1 Admixing Cold Press Oil with Refined One
9.2.2.2 Replacement of More Expensive Oils
9.2.2.3 Health Risks of Adulterated Foods on Health
9.3 Economic Impact of Adulteration
9.4 Effect of Adulteration on Edible Oil Quality and Target Molecules
9.4.1 Fatty Acids (FAs) as Target Compounds
9.4.2 Triacylglycerols (TAGs)
9.4.3 Tocopherols and Tocotrienols as Target Compounds for Detection
9.4.4 Sterols as Target Compounds
9.4.5 VOCs as Target Compounds
9.5 Adulteration Detection Techniques
9.5.1 Voltametric Electronic Tongue and Nose
9.5.2 UV Spectrophotometry
9.5.3 Mass Spectrometry (MS)
9.5.4 Infrared Spectroscopy
9.5.5 Chromatography
9.5.6 Fiber Optic-Based Techniques
9.5.7 DNA-Based Techniques
9.5.8 Electronic Nose (E-Nose) and Biosensors
9.6 Machine Learning in Identifying Edible Oil Adulteration
9.7 Technical Challenges and Future Prospects
9.8 Conclusion
Acknowledgement
References
10. Secondary Metabolites Production and Yield of Oilseed Plants
Meraj Ahmed, Princy Thakur, Vivek Kamble, Ab Waheed Wani, Sanjeev Kumar, Zarina and Saurabha B. Zimare
10.1 Introduction
10.2 Terpenoids
10.3 Alkaloids
10.4 Phenolics
10.5 Oilseed Crops
10.6 Cultivation of Oilseed Crops
10.7 Secondary Metabolites
10.8 Current Production of Oilseed Crops
10.9 Uses of Important Oilseed Crops
10.10 Oilseed Crop Utilization
10.10.1 In the Food Industry
10.10.2 Biofuel Industry
10.10.3 The Yield of Oilseed Crops
10.10.4 Improvement Strategies
10.11 Conclusion
References
11. Genetics and Plant Breeding to Improve the Yield of Oilseed Crops
Swati Tyagi, Shalma Maman, Ajesh B. R., Shashidhar B. R. and Aditya Tyagi
11.1 Introduction
11.2 Breeding Objectives to Improve the Yield of Oilseed Crops
11.2.1 Breeding Objectives for Brassica (Mustard)
11.2.2 Breeding Objectives for Arachis hypogaea (Groundnut)
11.2.3 Breeding Objectives for Glycine max (Soybean)
11.2.4 Breeding Objectives for Helianthus (Sunflower)
11.3 Genetics of Important Traits in Major Oilseed Crops
11.4 Conventional and Non-Conventional Breeding Approaches for Boosting Yield in Major Oilseed Crops
11.4.1 Brassica Breeding Techniques for Yield Improvement
11.4.1.1 Conventional Breeding Techniques
11.4.1.2 Non-Conventional Breeding Techniques
11.4.2 Groundnut Breeding Techniques for Yield Improvement
11.4.2.1 Conventional Breeding Approaches
11.4.2.2 Non-Conventional Breeding Approaches
11.4.3 Soybean Breeding Techniques for Yield Improvement
11.4.3.1 Breeding for Longer Oil Shelf Life by Genetically Increasing Oleic Acid
Content and Reducing Linolenic Acid
11.4.3.2 Pyramiding and Stacking the Desirable Quality Traits
11.4.3.3 Breeding for Disease Resistance
11.4.3.4 Breeding for Protein and Oil
11.4.3.5 Transgenic Approaches
11.4.4 Castor Breeding Techniques for Yield Improvement
11.4.4.1 Conventional Breeding Techniques
11.4.4.2 Genomics-Assisted Breeding
11.4.4.3 Varietal Development
11.4.5 Sunflower Breeding Techniques for Yield Improvement
11.4.5.1 Conventional Methods
11.4.5.2 Non-Conventional Approaches
11.5 Discussion and Conclusion
References
12. Mutation Breeding to Enhance Quality and Quantity of Oilseed Crops
Archana O., Shree Kumari G.R., Ajith Kumar K. and Lokesh Ravi
12.1 Introduction
12.2 Landmark Achievements
12.3 Techniques to Advance the Enhancement of Oilseed Crops
12.3.1 Genetic Engineering Approach to Enhance Quality and Quantity of Oilseed Crops
12.3.2 Molecular Approach to Enhance Quality and Quantity Oilseed Crops
12.4 Overview of Oilseed Production Status
12.5 Impact of Mutation on Fatty Acid Composition, Nutrition, Quality, and Quantity of Oilseeds
12.6 Future Prospects
12.7 Conclusion
References
13. Hydroponics Farming: A Holistic Perspective for Crop Production
Tarun Sharma, Ananthakrishnan S., Sandeep Gawdiya, Anjali Rawat, Akashdeep Singh, Yogesh Suryawanshi, Garima Chauhan and Ranbir Singh Rana
13.1 Introduction
13.2 Traditional vs. Vertical Farming
13.2.1 Traditional Farming
13.2.2 Vertical Farming
13.3 Hydroponics Farming
13.3.1 Benefits of Hydroponics Farming
13.3.2 Types of Hydroponic Systems
13.3.3 Global Scenario on Hydroponic Farming
13.4 Hydroponics and Seed Crops
13.5 Future Opportunities in Hydroponics
13.5.1 Sustainable Hydroponic Systems
13.5.2 New Crop Varieties for Hydroponics
13.5.3 Hydroponics in Urban Agriculture
13.5.4 Integration of Technology in Hydroponic Systems
13.5.5 Advancements in Hydroponic Lighting Systems
13.5.6 Use of Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Machine Learning in Hydroponics
13.5.7 Hydroponic Systems in Space Exploration and Colonization
13.5.8 Increased Research and Development in Hydroponics
13.5.9 Hydroponics for Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Production
13.6 Conclusion
References
14. RNA Interference to Enhance the Yield of the Oilseed Crops
Aditya Tyagi, V. Shanmugam, Riti Thapar Kapoor, Swati Tyagi, Bhaswati Banerjee and Ashutosh Rai
14.1 Introduction
14.1.1 Oilseed Crop
14.1.2 RNAi Technique
14.1.3 History of RNAi
14.1.4 Biogenesis of RNAi
14.1.5 RNAi for Oilseed Crops
14.2 Implementation of RNAi Technique in Crop Improvement
14.2.1 Alteration in Plants
14.2.2 Abiotic Stress
14.2.3 Biotic Stress
14.3 Challenges Preventing RNAi
14.3.1 Off-Target Effects
14.3.2 The Design of dsRNA
14.3.3 Length and Concentration of dsRNA
14.3.4 Screening of Target Genes
14.3.5 Durability of the Silencing Effects
14.3.6 Life Stage of Target Organisms
14.3.7 Methods of Delivery and Uptake Mechanism
14.3.8 Nucleases and Viruses
14.7 Conclusion
References
15. Enhancing Oilseed Crop Productivity and Quality with CRISPR/Cas Gene-Editing Technologies
Harsha R. Shabhanani, Swati M. Jog, Pratiksha Pundir, Pinal Vekariya and Amarchand Chordia Murugan
15.1 Introduction
15.2 CRISPR/Cas9 Platform
15.2.1 Structure and Function of Cas9 Nuclease Activity
15.2.1.1 Structure of Cas9
15.2.1.2 Function of Cas9
15.2.1.3 Mechanism of Working
15.2.2 CRISPR/Cas9 Vector System for Plant Transformation
15.2.2.1 Cas9 Expression Cassettes
15.2.2.2 SgRNA Expression Cassettes
15.2.3 CRISPR/Cas9-Mediated Multiplex Genome Editing
15.2.3.1 Challenges of Multiplexed CRISPR Technologies
15.2.4 Features of CRISPR/Cas9-Induced Mutations for Crop Improvement
15.2.4.1 Mutations Efficiency of CRISPR/Cas9
15.3 Metabolic Pathways for Oil-Biosynthesis in Oilseed Crops
15.4 Oilseed drops
15.4.1 Soyabean
15.4.2 Sunflower
15.4.3 Canola
15.4.4 Palm
15.4.5 Castor
15.4.6 Cotton
15.4.7 Peanuts
15.4.8 Olive
15.4.9 Camelina
15.5 Exploiting the CRISPR/Cas9 Potential for Crop Improvement
15.5.1 Increased Seed Number and Size
15.5.2 Enhancing Abiotic Stress Tolerance and Improving Pathogen Resistance In Oilseed Crops
15.5.2.1 Improving Resistance to Abiotic Stress
15.5.2.2 Improving Pathogen Resistance in Oilseed Crops
15.6 Challenges and Future Prospects
References
16. Future Opportunities in the Edible Oil Crop Industry
Poonam Joshi, Gulafshan Parveen, Sapna Rawat, Shivani Rawat, Babita Negi and Purabi Saha
16.1 Introduction
16.2 Physical Characteristics
16.3 Chemical Characteristics
16.4 Sources
16.4.1 Animal Sources
16.4.2 Plant Sources
16.5 Emphasize the Perspective Challenges of Edible Oils
16.6 The Present Scenario in India of Edible Oils Industry
16.7 Conclusion
References
17. Use of Non-Edible Oilseeds Crops for the Production of Biofuels
Princy Thakur, Meraj Ahmed, Ab Waheed Wani, Adil Rahim, Vikansha Thakur, Sanjeev Kumar, Zarina and Saurabha Bhimrao Zimare
17.1 Introduction
17.1.1 Non-Edible Oil Merits as Biofuel Source
17.1.2 Feedstocks Used for Biofuel Production
17.2 Properties of the Non-Edible Oil
17.2.1 Jatropha (Jatropha curcas L.)
17.2.2 Castor Oil (Ricinus communis L.)
17.2.3 Karanja Oil (Millettia pinnata L.)
17.2.4 Polanga Oil (Pentadesma butyracea)
17.2.5 Jojoba Oil (Simmondsia chinensis)
17.2.6 Neem (Azadirachta indica)
17.3 Preparation of Seeds
17.4 Sun Drying and Decortication
17.5 Extraction
17.5.1 Mechanical Extraction
17.5.2 Chemical Extraction
17.5.3 Enzymatic Oil Extraction
17.6 Conclusion
References
18. Applications of Machine Learning in Oilseed Crops and Industries
Vishal Meshram, Vidula Meshram, Reshma Pise, Yogesh Suryawanshi and Kailas Patil
18.1 Introduction
18.2 Oilseed Market and Farming
18.3 Machine Learning
18.3.1 What is Machine Learning?
18.3.2 Stages in ML Model Development
18.3.2.1 Data Collection
18.3.2.2 Feature Engineering
18.3.2.3 Data Splitting
18.3.2.4 Model Training and Testing
18.3.3 Types Machine Learning Algorithms
18.3.3.1 Supervised Learning
18.3.3.2 Unsupervised Learning
18.3.3.3 Semi-Supervised Machine Learning
18.3.3.4 Support Vector Machine (SVM)
18.3.3.5 K-Means Clustering
18.4 Application of ML in Oilseed Industries
18.5 Future Directions and Challenges
18.6 Conclusion
References
19. Genetic Engineering to Enhance the Oilseed Crops Yield
Bipratip Dutta, Sougata Bhattacharjee, Koushik Biswas, Bablee Kumari Singh, Rakesh Bhowmick, Chandrika Das, Prity Kumari Singh and Krishnayan Paul
19.1 Introduction
19.2 Oilseed Crops Description with Example and Importance
19.3 Present Scenario of Oilseed Crops with Special Focus on Yield and Quality
19.4 Conventional Approaches Used to Date and the Need for Biotechnological Tools
19.5 Use of Biotechnological Tools
19.5.1 Haploidy and Mutation Breeding
19.5.2 Genetic Engineering
19.5.3 Genome Editing Tools
19.6 Significant Achievements in Oilseed Crops Research Regarding Oil Quantity and Quality
19.6.1 Soybean
19.6.2 Sunflower
19.6.3 Canola
19.6.4 Other Important Oilseed Crops
19.6 Conclusion
References
About the Editors
Index
Back to Top