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Smart Textiles and Wearables for Health and Fitness

Edited by Jyotirmoy Pathak, Abhishek Kumar, Suman Lata Tripathi, and Balwinder Raj
Copyright: 2025   |   Expected Pub Date:2025//
ISBN: 9781394302949  |  Hardcover  |  
450 pages
Price: $225 USD
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One Line Description
Smart Textiles and Wearables for Health: The Flexible Electronics Revolution provides an in-depth exploration of how innovative technologies and materials are reshaping healthcare, making it an essential resource for anyone looking to understand the transformative power of smart textiles and wearables in patient monitoring, diagnosis, and rehabilitation.

Audience
Undergraduate, postgraduate, and research students, professors, researchers, and industry professionals interested in flexible electronics for healthcare

Description
Smart Textiles and Wearables for Health: The Flexible Electronics Revolution explores the transformative influence of flexible electronics on the healthcare field. The book chapters include a broad spectrum of topics, each offering valuable perspectives on the intersection of textiles, wearables, and health technology.
Smart Textiles and Wearables for Health delves into the unique technologies and materials driving the flexible electronics revolution, offering insights into their development and applications. The study explores the diverse uses of intelligent textiles and wearable devices in healthcare, encompassing activities such as monitoring patients, diagnosing conditions, aiding rehabilitation, and administering therapeutic interventions. In this volume, we will explore the incorporation of sensors, biometrics, and biomarkers into textiles to showcase their capacity for immediate health monitoring and data collection. Additionally, we will explore the possible uses of smart textiles and wearables in managing chronic conditions, tracking sports and fitness activities, and facilitating human-computer interaction in medical settings. This book promises an engaging journey through the frontiers of technology, offering a comprehensive understanding of the transformative potential of smart textiles and wearables in revolutionizing healthcare delivery and improving patient outcomes.

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Author / Editor Details
Jyotirmoy Pathak, PhD is a professor at Christ University, Bengaluru, India and serves on several editorial review boards. He has authored over 20 research papers, 5 book chapters, and one book that have been internationally published. His research interests include side channel attack, VLSI design, low power architecture, memory design, data converters, and cryptology.

Abhishek Kumar, PhD is an associate professor at Lovely Professional University, Punjab, India, and editorial board member for various international journals and conferences. He has published over 30 research papers in referred journals and presented 18 research papers at international conferences. Additionally, he has published five books and 12 book chapters internationally. His areas of expertise include VLSI design, low-power architecture, memory design, data converters, cryptology, and side channel attack.

Suman Lata Tripathi, PhD is a professor at Lovely Professional University, Punjab, India with over seventeen years of scholarly experience. She has published over 45 research papers in refereed journals and conferences, as well as six books. She has orchestrated several student seminars, summer apprenticeships, and lectures by subject matter experts. Her research interests include modelling and characterization of microelectronics devices, design of low power VLSI circuits, VLSI testing designs, advanced FET designs for the Internet of Things, embedded system design, and biomedical applications.

Balwinder Raj, PhD is an associate professor in the Electronics and Communication Engineering Department, Dr. B.R. Ambedkar National Institute of Technology Jalandhar, Punjab, India. He has published over 100 research papers in national and international journals and conferences. His areas of interest include nanoscale semiconductor device modeling, sensors design, FinFET-based memory design, and low-power VLSI design.

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Table of Contents
Preface
1. History of Smart Textiles and Wearables
K. Jothimani, S. Hemalatha, S. Selvaraj and R. Thangarajan
1.1 Introduction
1.2 Early Concepts and Historical Background
1.2.1 Incorporation of Technology in Textiles: Ancient Practices
1.2.2 Industrial Revolution and Textile Mechanization
1.2.3 Emergence of Functional Textiles
1.3 Advancements in Materials and Technologies
1.3.1 Conductive Fabrics and Fibers
1.3.2 Flexible Electronics and Sensors
1.3.3 Energy Harvesting and Power Management
1.4 Evolution of Wearable Technologies
1.4.1 Early Prototypes and Limitations
1.4.1.1 Limitations of Early Prototypes
1.4.2 Miniaturization and Integration
1.4.3 User Experience Enhancements
1.5 Key Milestones and Innovations
1.5.1 Wearable Fitness Trackers
1.5.1.1 Working Details of Fitness Tracker
1.5.2 Smart Clothing for Medical Monitoring
1.5.3 Fashion-Tech Collaborations
1.5.4 Role of Data Analytics and Connectivity
1.5.4.1 IoT and Smart Textile Integration
1.5.4.2 Artificial Intelligence in Wearables
1.5.4.3 Data Privacy and Security Concerns
1.5.5 Current Trends and Future Prospects
1.5.5.1 Augmented Reality and Virtual Reality Applications
1.5.5.2 Environmental Sensing and Sustainability Efforts
1.5.5.3 Challenges and Opportunities for Further Research
1.5.5.4 Opportunities
1.6 Conclusion
References
2. Smart Textiles in Healthcare
Harpreet Kaur Channi, Surinder Kaur and Ramandeep Sandhu
2.1 Introduction
2.2 Importance of Smart Textiles In Healthcare
2.3 Evolution of Smart Textiles in Healthcare
2.4 Fabrication and Integration of Sensors in Smart Textiles
2.4.1 Applications of Smart Textiles in Healthcare
2.5 Key Technologies in Smart Textiles
2.5.1 Continuous Health Monitoring
2.5.2 Enhanced Patient Comfort and Compliance
2.6 Remote Patient Monitoring
2.7 Challenges and Considerations
2.8 Case Studies and Examples
2.8.1 University of Pittsburgh Medical Center (UPMC) Health Plan
2.8.2 University of California San Francisco’s Chronic Disease Management Program
2.8.3 Partners HealthCare’s Post-Acute Care Remote Monitoring Program
2.8.4 University of Mississippi Medical Centers Telepsychiatry Program
2.9 Future Directions and Opportunities
2.9.1 Opportunities for Research and Development
2.9.2 Potential Impact on Healthcare Delivery
2.10 Conclusion
References
3. Smart Textiles and Its Application in the Healthcare Sector
Surabhi Das, C. Manjulatha, Desu Surya Tejaswi, Kanchan Bisht and Anita Rani
3.1 Introduction
3.2 Monitoring of Physiological Characteristics
3.2.1 Cardiovascular Activity
3.2.2 Electrodermal Activity
3.2.2.1 Breathing
3.2.2.2 Blood Pressure
3.2.2.3 Body Movement
3.3 Distribution of Body Fluids and Investigation of Perspiration
3.4 Concentration of Blood Oxygen
3.5 Applications and Trends for Healthcare Sector in Smart Textiles
3.5.1 Difficulties Faced by Smart Textiles in Healthcare Sector
3.5.2 Fit and Comfort
3.5.3 Utilization Simplicity
3.5.4 Approval From the Medical Community
3.5.5 Ethics
3.5.6 Side Effects of Smart Wearable Textile Materials
3.6 Conclusion
References
4. Bio-Integrated Fabrics: A Comprehensive Look at Smart Textiles for Enhanced Healthcare
Devender Kumar and Seema Mishra
4.1 Introduction
4.2 Background
4.2.1 Technical Perspective
4.2.2 Applications and Future Directions
4.3 Revolutionizing Healthcare: Core Applications of Bio-Integrated Fabrics
4.3.1 Continuous Health Monitoring
4.3.2 Rehabilitation and Physical Therapy
4.3.3 Wearable Therapeutics
4.3.3.1 Thermal Therapy
4.3.3.2 Patient Monitoring in Clinical Settings
4.3.3.3 Elderly Care and Assisted Living
4.4 Beyond Applications: Unveiling the Technical Aspects
4.4.1 Materials and Conductive Fibers
4.4.2 Sensor Integration
4.4.3 Flexible Electronics
4.4.4 Energy Harvesting and Storage
4.4.5 Data Processing and Communication
4.5 Challenges and Considerations for Widespread Adoption
4.5.1 Technical Challenges
4.5.1.1 Durability and Washability
4.5.1.2 Power Supply and Energy Efficiency
4.5.1.3 Signal Interference and Data Integrity
4.5.2 Economic Challenges
4.5.2.1 High Production Costs
4.5.2.2 Market Acceptance and Adoption
4.5.3 Regulatory and Ethical Challenges
4.5.3.1 Regulatory Approval
4.5.3.2 Data Privacy and Security
4.5.4 Social and Ethical Considerations
4.5.4.1 User Comfort and Acceptance
4.5.4.2 Accessibility and Equity
4.5.5 Side Effects
4.5.5.1 Skin Sensitivities
4.5.5.2 Sleep Disruption
4.5.5.3 Data Overload and Privacy Concerns
4.5.5.4 Overdependence and Obsession on Metrics
4.6 Conclusion: The Future of Healthcare is Woven with Smart Textiles
References
5. Printed Flexible Wearable Sensor for Monitoring of Biological Parameters and Disease Management
S. Saranya, S. Suresh Kumar, Y. Nandakishora and S. Prasad Jones Christydass
5.1 Introduction of Biomarkers and Biosensors
5.2 Working of Biosensor
5.3 Biomarker
5.3.1 Biomarker in Clinical Trials
5.4 Classification of Biomarkers Based on Clinical Trials
5.4.1 Diagnostic Biomarker
5.4.2 Predictive Biomarker
5.4.3 Prognostic Biomarker
5.4.4 Staging Biomarker
5.5 Classification Based on Characteristics
5.5.1 Molecular Biomarkers
5.5.1.1 Chemical Biomarkers
5.5.1.2 Biomarkers for Proteins
5.5.1.3 Genetic Biomarkers
5.5.2 Cellular Biomarkers
5.5.3 Imaging Biomarkers
5.6 Wearable Sensors
5.6.1 Devices for Detecting Biological Fluids
5.6.1.1 Glucose Sensors
5.6.1.2 Lactate Sensors
5.6.1.3 pH Sensors
5.6.1.4 Cholesterol
5.7 Physiological Activities and External Stimuli
5.7.1 Pulse Rate
5.7.2 Respiration
5.7.3 Diabetic Detection with Acetone
5.7.4 Alcohol Level Detection
5.7.5 Hydration/Dehydration
5.7.6 Temperature
5.7.7 Tracking of Movements and Activities
5.7.8 Strain and Pressure
5.7.9 Gas Sensors
5.8 Applications of Sensors
5.8.1 Glove Immunosensor
5.8.2 Sweat Biomarkers
5.8.2.1 Electrochemical Biosensors
5.8.2.2 Sweat Biomarkers for Chronic Disease Detection
5.8.2.3 Hepatitis B Amperometric Immunosensor
5.9 Conclusion
References
6. Smart Wound Guard
Nagaraj S.
6.1 Introduction
6.1.1 Background and Significance of Chronic Wounds
6.1.2 Limitations of Traditional Wound Care Methods
6.1.3 Emergence of Wearable Electronics in Healthcare
6.1.4 Objective of the Chapter
6.2 Literature Review
6.3 Design and Development of Wearable Plaster
6.3.1 Selection of Materials and Components
6.3.2 Sensor Integration for Real-Time Monitoring
6.3.3 Development of Automatic Drug Delivery System
6.3.4 Customization for Individual Patient Needs
6.3.5 Prototype Development Process 1
6.3.6 Analysis of Sensed Molecules
6.3.6.1 PH Monitoring
6.3.6.2 Glucose Monitoring
6.3.6.3 Protein Monitoring
6.4 Implementation and Testing
6.4.1 Evaluation of Sensor Accuracy and Reliability
6.4.2 Pilot Study Design and Methodology
6.4.3 Data Collection and Analysis
6.4.4 Assessment of Wearable Plaster Performance
6.5 Advanced Features and Environmental Sustainability
6.5.1 Self-Powered Operation
6.5.2 Real-Time Alerts and Suggestions
6.5.3 Autonomous Medication Delivery
6.5.4 Eco-Friendly Design
6.5.5 Reducing Healthcare Costs
6.6 Flexibility and Sustainability
6.6.1 Sensors
6.6.2 Antenna
6.6.3 Solar Panel
6.6.4 Outer Layer
6.7 Conclusion
References
7. Integration of Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning into Wearable Health Technologies
Balraj Kumar
7.1 Introduction
7.1.1 Types of Wearable Health Technologies
7.1.2 Key Features and Functions
7.1.3 Benefits of Wearable Health Technologies
7.2 AI and ML in Healthcare
7.3 Role of AI and ML in Wearable Health Technologies
7.4 Examples of AI and ML Methods in Wearable Health Solutions
7.5 Case Study
7.5.1 Case Study: Real-Time Health Monitoring with Wearable Devices
7.5.1.1 Challenge
7.5.1.2 Objectives
7.5.1.3 Implementation
7.5.1.4 Results
7.6 Challenges of AI AND ML Integration into Wearable Health Technologies
7.7 Resolving the Hurdles of AI and ML Integration in Wearable Health Technologies
7.8 Research Roadmap of Future
7.9 Conclusion
References
8. Empowering Health: The Fusion of AI and Machine Learning in Wearable Technologies
Yerumbu Nandakishora, S. Prasad Jones Christydass, K. V. J. Bhargav and S. Suresh Kumar
8.1 Introduction
8.2 HAR Using Traditional ML and DL Algorithms
8.3 Profile Similarity–Based Personalized Federated Learning (PS-PFL) for Healthcare
8.4 A Wearable Posture Recognition Device Using AI for Healthcare IoT
8.5 AI-Enhanced Posture Recognition for Healthcare Wearables by IoT
8.6 Conclusions
References
9. Human–Computer Interaction in Wearable Health Technologies
S. Hemalatha, K. Jothimani, Thangarajan R. and S. Selvaraj
9.1 Introduction
9.1.1 Background
9.1.2 Significance of HCI in Wearable Health Technologies
9.1.2.1 User-Centered Design
9.1.2.2 Intuitive Interfaces
9.1.2.3 Data Visualization and Interpretation
9.1.2.4 Adherence and Engagement
9.1.2.5 Privacy and Trust
9.1.2.6 Integration and Interoperability
9.1.3 Objectives of the Chapter
9.1.4 Overview of Wearable Health Technologies
9.1.5 Multimodal Fusion
9.2 Human–Computer Interaction (HCI) Fundamentals (SH)
9.2.1 Principles of HCI in Healthcare
9.2.2 Importance of UX Design in Wearable Health Technologies
9.2.3 HCI Design Process Overview
9.3 Prototyping and Iterative Design Approaches
9.4 User-Centered Design in Wearable Health Technologies
9.4.1 Understanding User Needs and Context
9.4.1.1 User Research and Profiling
9.4.1.2 Understanding User Contexts
9.4.1.3 Usability and Accessibility Considerations
9.4.1.4 Integration with Existing Routines and Workflows
9.4.1.5 Iterative Design and User Feedback
9.4.2 Designing for Accessibility and Inclusivity
9.4.3 Prototyping and Iterative Design Approaches
9.4.3.1 Prototyping
9.4.3.2 Iterative Design Process
9.5 Usability Testing and Evaluation
9.5.1 Usability Metrics and Evaluation Methods
9.6 Conducting Usability Studies with Wearable Devices
9.7 Analyzing and Interpreting Usability Data
9.8 Feedback Mechanisms and User Engagement
9.8.1 Importance of Real-Time Feedback in Health Monitoring
9.8.2 Designing Effective Feedback Systems
9.8.3 Gamification and Behavioral Strategies for User Engagement
9.9 Personalization Strategies
9.9.1 Adaptive Systems and Machine Learning in Personalization
9.9.2 Ethical Considerations in Personalized Health Technologies
9.10 Challenges and Future Directions
9.10.1 Data Privacy and Security Concerns
9.10.2 Interdisciplinary Collaboration in HCI for Health Technologies
9.10.3 Emerging Technologies and Trends in Wearable Health
9.11 Case Studies and Examples
9.11.1 Case Study 1: Wearable Fitness Tracker UX Design
9.11.2 Case Study 2: Remote Health Monitoring System
9.11.3 Lessons Learned and Best Practices
9.12 Conclusion and Recommendations
9.12.1 Summary of Key Points
9.12.2 Implications for Research and Practice
9.12.3 Future Directions in HCI for Wearable Health Technologies
References
10. Classification of Emotions from EEG Signals with Optimization Algorithms and Deep Learning Approaches
Y. Sowjanya Kumari, D.N.V. Syma Kumar and V. Venkata Praveen Kumar
10.1 Introduction
10.1.1 Acquisition of EEG Signals by the Brain
10.1.2 EEG Signal Processing
10.2 Related Work
10.3 Proposed Work
10.3.1 Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO)
10.3.1.1 Key Elements of PSO
10.3.1.2 Procedural Steps of PSO
10.4 LSTM
10.5 GRU
10.6 Proposed Methodology
10.6.1 Procedure 1
10.6.2 Procedure 2
10.7 Results and Discussions
10.7.1 Confusion Matrix
10.7.2 Precision, Recall, F1-Score, and Support
10.8 Conclusion
Data Availability
References
11. Wearable Devices for Injury Prevention and Rehabilitation
Vishnu Mittal, Pushkar Upadhyay and Anjali Sharma
11.1 Introduction
11.1.1 Generalization of Human Physiological Parameters
11.1.2 Forecasting Running Injuries and Efficiency Using Wearable Technology
11.1.3 Transduction Systems for Body Parameter Measurement
11.2 Why are Wearable Devices Better
11.3 Case Study and Real-World Instances of Wearable Technology
11.3.1 Case Study 1: Tracking Health Indicators
11.3.2 Case Study 2: Monitoring Sports Performance
11.3.3 Case Study 3: Controlling Athletes in the Weight Room
11.3.4 Case Study 4: Tracking Sleep
11.3.5 Case Study 5: Remote Monitoring Systems
11.3.6 Case Study 6: Mobile Phone Technology
11.3.7 Case Study 7: Integrating Physiological Monitoring
11.3.8 Case Study 8: Bio-Chemical Sensors
11.3.9 Case Study 9: Medical Alert System
11.3.10 Case Study 10: Health and Wellness Monitoring
11.3.11 Case Study 11: Smart Home Projects
11.4 Conclusions and Future Directions
References
12. Muscles in Motion: Wearables for Sports and Fitness
Pushkar Upadhyay, Vishnu Mittal and Rameshwar Dass
12.1 Introduction
12.2 Understanding Muscle Movement
12.2.1 Types of Muscles (Skeletal, Smooth, and Cardiac)
12.2.1.1 Striated Muscle
12.2.1.2 Smooth Muscle
12.2.2 Muscle Structure and Function
12.3 Wearable Technology in Sports and Fitness
12.3.1 Evolution of Wearables in Sports and Fitness
12.3.2 Wearable Tools for Monitoring Physiological Data During Exercise
12.4 Types of Wearable Devices
12.4.1 Movement Pattern and Velocity Tracking Using Inertial Measurement Units (IMUs)
12.4.2 Technological Developments in Force Sensing for Improved Force Measurement
12.4.3 Precise Foot Pressure Analysis by Pressure Sensors
12.5 Applications of Wearables in Sports and Fitness
12.5.1 Mechanomyogram (EMG) Method
12.5.2 Autonomic Nervous System (ANS) Correlation
12.5.3 Machine Learning Technique
12.5.4 Injury Prevention and Rehabilitation
12.5.5 OptimEye S5
12.5.6 FIT Guard
12.5.7 Zephyr Performance Systems
12.5.8 The Q-Collar
12.5.9 Threshold Limit Sensors
12.5.10 Smart-Foam
12.5.11 Wearable Footwear and Accessories
12.6 Challenges and Future Directions
12.6.1 Difficulties in Applying Wearable Technology to Resistance Training Research
12.6.1.1 Accuracy and Reliability of Measurements
12.6.1.2 Validation and Standardization of Wearable Technology
12.6.2 Ethical Considerations and Privacy Concerns
12.7 Conclusion
References
13. Evolution of Wearable Technology in Sports and Fitness
Kanchan Bisht, Desu Surya Tejaswi, C. Manjulatha, Surabhi Das and Yogitha Gunupuru
13.1 Introduction
13.1.1 History of Wearable Technology
13.1.2 Key Features and Functionalities of Wearable Technologies
13.2 Types of Wearable Technologies
13.3 Applications of Wearable Technologies in Sports and Fitness
13.3.1 Performance Monitoring
13.3.1.1 Running and Cycling
13.3.1.2 Team Sports
13.3.2 Injury Prevention
13.3.2.1 Smart Insoles
13.3.2.2 Motion Sensors
13.3.3 Recovery Enhancement
13.3.3.1 WHOOP Strap
13.3.3.2 Oura Ring
13.3.4 Personalized Training
13.3.4.1 Training Apps
13.3.4.2 Smart Equipment
13.3.5 Real-Time Feedback
13.3.5.1 Cycling
13.3.5.2 Swimming
13.4 Benefits of Wearable Technologies
13.4.1 Enhanced Performance
13.4.2 Improved Health and Well-Being
13.4.3 Data-Driven Decisions
13.4.4 Increased Motivation
13.5 Challenges and Limitations
13.5.1 Data Accuracy
13.5.2 Privacy Concerns
13.5.3 Cost and Accessibility
13.6 Future Trends in Wearable Technologies
13.6.1 Integration with AI and Machine Learning
13.6.2 Advanced Biometric Monitoring
13.6.3 Enhanced Connectivity
13.6.4 Virtual and Augmented Reality
13.6.5 Sustainable and Eco-Friendly Wearables
13.7 Conclusion
References
14. Architecture, Material, Process, and Application of Bio-FETs
Yapashetti Rajinikanth, Suman Lata Tripathi and Sandhya Avasthi
14.1 Introduction
14.2 Literature Review
14.3 Architecture of Bio-FET
14.4 Bio-FET Mechanism of Operation
14.5 Bio-FET Working Principle
14.6 Bio-FET Types and Fabrication Steps
14.7 Optimization
14.8 Material Specification
14.9 Applications of Bio-FET
14.9.1 Clinical Investigations
14.9.2 Environmental Assessment
14.9.3 Food Consumption
14.9.4 Biological Research
14.9.5 Treatments
14.9.6 Individual Therapy
14.10 Conventional MOSFET Comparison
14.10.1 Organization and Function
14.10.2 Specifics and Sensitivities
14.10.3 Resources
14.10.4 Supplies
14.10.5 Integration
14.11 Advanced FET Architectures as Biosensor
14.12 Challenges and Future Scope
14.13 Conclusion
References
15. Future Directions and Innovations in Wearable Technologies
Payal Bansal, Sudev Dutta and Murugan K.
15.1 Introduction
15.2 Empowering Wearables
15.3 Piezoelectric Wearable Technology
15.3.1 Harvesting Energy from Human Motion
15.3.2 Piezoelectric-Pressure Radars
15.3.3 Wearable Medical Sensors
15.4 Triboelectric Wearables
15.5 Electromagnetic Sensors
15.6 Thermal-Based Sensors
15.7 Comparison of Wearable Sensors
15.8 Conclusions
References
16. Future Horizons: Exploring the Evolution of Wearable and Flexible Health Devices
Himanshu Sharma, Pooja Mittal, Gurdev and Vishnu Mittal
16.1 Introduction
16.2 Characteristics of Wearable Technologies
16.3 Types of Wearable Technologies
16.3.1 Wearable Health Technology
16.3.2 Wearable Textile Technologies
16.3.3 Wearable Consumer Electronics
16.4 Review of Wearable Technologies in Healthcare
16.4.1 Example of a Product on the Market
16.4.2 The Approach of Wearable Technology
16.4.3 The Public and Personal Safety
16.4.4 Business
16.4.5 Research
16.4.6 Production
16.4.7 Sales
16.4.8 Service
16.4.9 Tourism
16.4.10 People with Impairments
16.4.11 Health
16.4.12 Entertainment
16.5 Conclusion
References
17. Threads of Creativity: Exploring Smart Fabric Integration in Contemporary Mural Art
Prabhjot Kaur and Rohita Sharma
17.1 Introduction
17.2 Smart Fabric Integration
17.2.1 The Benefits of Smart Fabric Integration
17.2.2 Challenges and Considerations
17.2.3 Technical Complexity
17.2.4 Maintenance and Durability
17.2.5 Privacy and Security
17.2.6 Examples of Smart Fabric Integration in Contemporary Mural Art
17.2.6.1 The Light Weaver by Studio Drift (2018)
17.2.6.2 The Singing Wall by TeamLab (2018)
17.2.6.3 The Breathing Wall by Viktoria Modesta (2019)
17.2.6.4 The Interactive Wall by Refik Anadol (2019)
17.3 Importance of Traditional Art Forms in the Museum
17.3.1 Embroidery and Textiles
17.3.2 Calligraphy and Manuscripts
17.3.3 Potential for Smart Fabric Integration in the Museum’s Exhibits
17.3.3.1 Ancient Civilizations
17.3.3.2 Classical Antiquity
17.3.3.3 Medieval and Renaissance Periods
17.3.3.4 Modern and Contemporary Era
17.3.3.5 Sensing Capabilities
17.3.3.6 Lighting and Illumination
17.3.3.7 Communication and Connectivity
17.3.3.8 Thermal Regulation
17.3.3.9 Biomedical and Healthcare Applications
17.4 Integration of Smart Fabrics in Mural Art
17.4.1 Integration of Smart Fabrics in Mural Art at the Virasat-e-Khalsa Museum
17.5 Conclusion
Bibliography
18. Non-Invasive Blood Sugar Detection
Abhishek Kumar and Vishal Gupta
18.1 Introduction
18.1.1 Invasive Method
18.1.2 Non-Invasive Method
18.2 Sweat Composition
18.2.1 Sweat-Based Glucose Monitoring
18.2.1.1 Sweat Sensors
18.3 Experiment
18.4 Challenges
18.5 Pros and Cons
18.5.1 Pros
18.5.2 Cons
18.6 Conclusion
References
19. A Fast Scalable and Pipelined VLSI Transform Architecture for Walsh-Hadamard
Sudip Ghosh and Suman Lata Tripathi
19.1 Introduction and Related Works
19.2 Mathematical Background
19.3 Proposed Algorithm for HVMA
19.4 Pseudo-Code for Generic Algorithm
19.5 Description of Generic Algorithm
19.6 Analysis and Discussion
19.7 Datapath and Controller
19.8 Experimental Results
19.9 Conclusion and Scope of Future Work
References
Index

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