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Green Deep Eutectic Solvents

Fundamentals and Applications in Green Chemistry

Edited by Berdimurodov Elyor, Chandrabhan Verma and Chaudhery Mustansar Hussain
Copyright: 2025   |   Expected Pub Date:2025/07/30
ISBN: 9781394272112  |  Hardcover  |  
426 pages

One Line Description
Lead the way in sustainable innovation with this comprehensive guide, offering an in-depth exploration of deep eutectic solvents (DESs) and their groundbreaking applications in green chemistry and industrial solutions.

Description
Deep eutectic solvents (DESs) represent a groundbreaking development in green chemistry, offering tunable properties, low toxicity, and biodegradability. Unlike conventional solvents, DESs are highly versatile, finding applications in sustainable energy, industrial catalysis, separation processes, and drug development. As industries and researchers increasingly shift toward sustainable technologies, DESs provide a critical framework for addressing environmental and industrial challenges. This book offers a comprehensive overview of green deep eutectic solvents, starting with the fundamental principles and exploring their synthesis, structural characteristics, and physicochemical properties. Serving as a foundational guide, it provides advanced applications and solutions for experienced professionals and focuses on environmental impact, scalability, and cutting-edge research, making it a vital resource for advancing green chemistry practices in academia and industry.
Readers will find the volume:
• Comprehensively covers the full spectrum of green deep eutectic solvents (DESs);
• Provides practical insights into DES synthesis, characterization, and industrial applications;
• Explores applications in catalysis, gas capture, nanotechnology, pharmaceuticals, and metallurgy;
• Offers up-to-date research and solutions for sustainability challenges.

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Author / Editor Details
Berdimurodov Elyor, PhD is an Associate Professor at the National University of Uzbekistan, Tashkent, University. He has published five books, 50 book chapters, and more than 200 articles in international journals. His research areas include corrosion science, electrochemistry, quantum chemistry, material science, green chemistry, and nanochemistry.

Chandrabhan Verma, PhD works at the Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, Khalifa University of Science and Technology Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates. He is a member of the American Chemical Society and authors reviews studies for several journals. His research focuses on synthesizing and designing environmentally-friendly corrosion inhibitors for use in several industrial applications.

Chaudhery Mustansar Hussain, PhD is an adjunct professor and Director of Laboratories in the Department of Chemistry and Environmental Sciences at the New Jersey Institute of Technology, USA. He has published numerous papers in peer-reviewed journals and more than 100 books. His research is focused on the applications of nanotechnology and advanced materials, environmental management, and analytical chemistry.

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Table of Contents
Preface
1. Green Deep Eutectic Solvents: Fundamental, Properties, and Applications
Baiju Chenthamara, M. Shaibuna and Ramesh L. Gardas
1.1 Introduction
1.2 History of DESs
1.3 Definition of DES
1.4 Classification
1.4.1 Natural Deep Eutectic Solvents
1.4.2 Therapeutic Deep Eutectic Solvents
1.4.3 Polymeric Deep Eutectic Solvents
1.5 Preparation Methods
1.6 Characterization and Physicochemical Properties of DES
1.6.1 Phase Behavior of DESs
1.6.2 Melting Point
1.6.3 Density
1.6.4 Viscosity
1.6.5 Electrical Conductivity
1.6.6 Surface Tension
1.6.7 Refractive Index
1.6.8 Polarity of DESs
1.6.9 Acidity and Alkalinity of DESs
1.7 Selected Applications of DESs
1.7.1 Organic Synthesis and Catalysis
1.7.2 Extraction of Various Micropollutants
1.7.3 Metal Separation and Recovery
1.7.4 Electrochemistry
1.7.5 DES for Gas Capture
1.8 Conclusions
Acknowledgments
References
2. Green Deep Eutectic Solvents: Green Synthesis, Fabrication, and Characterization
Jyoti Chauhan, Ashwariya Patel, Rajesh Kumar Sahu, Shweta Kanungo and Bhawana Jain
2.1 Introduction
2.2 Significance of DESs
2.3 Synthesis of Deep Eutectic Solvents (DESs)
2.4 Physicochemical Characteristics of DESs
2.4.1 Surface Tension
2.4.2 Acidity and Alkalinity
2.4.3 Ionic Conductivity
2.4.4 Polarity
2.4.5 Viscosity
2.4.6 Density
2.4.7 Freezing Point (Tf)
2.5 Applications of DES
2.5.1 Metal-Catalyzed Reactions
2.5.2 Biocatalysis
2.5.3 Polar Organometallic Chemistry
2.5.4 Nanotechnology
2.5.5 Drug Delivery and Formulation
2.5.6 Edaravone Affinity to DES Components
2.5.7 COSMO-RS Derived Edaravone Solubility in DES
2.6 Application of DESs in Dermal and Transdermal Drug Delivery
2.7 Conclusion
References
3. Green Deep Eutectic Solvents: Structure, Toxicity, and Biodegradability
Nübar Abbaszada, Nurevşan Kaya, Serap Çetinkaya and Burak Tüzün
3.1 Introduction
3.2 Deep Eutectic Solvents: Overview and Classification
3.2.1 Hydrophobic DES (HDES)
3.2.2 Natural Deep Eutectic Solvents (NADES)
3.3 Toxicity and Biodegradability of NADES
3.3.1 Cytotoxicity
3.3.2 Biodegradability
3.4 Physicochemical Properties of Deep Eutectic Solvents
3.4.1 Phase Behavior
3.4.2 Density
3.4.3 Viscosity
3.4.4 Ionic Conductivity
3.4.5 Surface Tension
3.4.6 Polarity
3.4.7 Effect of Water
3.5 Application of NADES
3.6 Conclusion
References
4. Hydrophobic and Natural Deep Eutectic Solvents: Structure, Properties, and Application
Khasan Berdimuradov, Akbarali Rasulov, Elyor Berdimurodov, Omar Dagdag, Mohamed Rbaa and Anvar Khamidov
4.1 Introduction
4.2 Structure of Hydrophobic and Natural DES
4.3 Properties of Hydrophobic and Natural DES
4.4 Applications of Hydrophobic and Natural DES
4.5 Future Perspectives and Challenges
4.6 Conclusion
References
5. Green Deep Eutectic Solvents in Catalysis
Husan Yaxshinorov, Javokhir Abdisattorov, Marcin Karbarz, Elyor Berdimurodov and Anvar Khamidov
5.1 Introduction
5.2 Applications of DES in Catalysis
5.2.1 Homogeneous Catalysis
5.2.2 Heterogeneous Catalysis
5.2.3 Biocatalysis
5.2.4 Photocatalysis and Electrocatalysis
5.3 Mechanisms and Theoretical Studies
5.4 Challenges and Limitations, and Future Perspectives
5.5 Conclusion
References
6. Green Deep Eutectic Solvents in Separation
Yusufboy Rajabov, Jaykhun Mamatov, Laziz Azimov, Abhinay Thakur, Ashish Kumar, Elyor Berdimurodov and Anvar Khamidov
6.1 Introduction
6.2 Applications of DES in Extraction Processes
6.3 DES in Separation of Biomolecules
6.4 DES in Gas Separation
6.5 DES in Membrane Separation Processes
6.6 Challenges, Limitations, and Future Perspectives
6.7 Conclusion
References
7. Green Deep Eutectic Solvents in Gas Capture
Khasan Berdimuradov, Muslum Demir, Elyor Berdimurodov, Omar Dagdag, Anvar Khamidov and Mohamed Rbaa
7.1 Introduction
7.2 Mechanisms of Gas Capture Using DES
7.3 Applications of DES in Gas Capture
7.4 Challenges and Future Perspectives
7.5 Conclusion
References
8. Green Deep Eutectic Solvents in Biocatalysis and Bioprocessing
İlayda Bersu Kul, Parham Taslimi, Nastaran Sadeghian, Gamze Tüzün and Burak Tüzün
Abbreviations
8.1 Description of Green Deep Eutectic Solvents
8.2 Biocatalysis and Its Role in Bioprocesses
8.3 Properties of Green Deep Eutectic Solvents
8.4 Applications of DESs in Polar Organometallic Chemistry
8.5 Applications of DESs in Metal-Catalyzed Reactions
8.6 Applications of DESs in Biocatalysis
8.7 Reactions Catalyzed by Lewis Acid Type DESs
8.8 Reactions Catalyzed by Brønsted Acid Type DESs
8.9 Combining Deep Eutectic Solvents with Enzymes to Create a Potent Toolbox for Organic Synthesis
8.9.1 Reductions
8.9.2 Reductions with Isolated Enzymes
8.10 Whole-Cells Catalyzed Reductions
8.11 Utilizing Deep Eutectic Solvents to Synthesize Green Nanoparticles and Their Use in Water Treatment
8.11.1 DES in Nanoparticles Synthesis
8.11.2 Application of DES NPs in Waste Water Treatment
8.12 DES as Solvent for Whole-Cell Biocatalysis
8.13 DES as Extractive Agents in Biotransformation
8.14 DESs Function in Biomass Pretreatment
8.15 Future Perspectives
8.16 Conclusion
References
9. Green Deep Eutectic Solvents in Power Systems and Battery Technologies
Halil İbrahim Çetintaş and Burak Tüzün
9.1 Introduction
9.2 Fundamentals of DESs
9.3 Classification of the DESs
9.4 Properties of the DESs
9.5 Applications of DESs
9.6 DESs in Power Systems and Battery Technologies
9.6.1 Metal-Ion Batteries
9.6.2 Metal-Air Batteries
9.6.3 Redox Flow Batteries
9.6.4 Supercapacitors
9.6.5 Solar Energy Devices
9.6.6 Other Energy Applications
9.7 Conclusion
References
10. Green Deep Eutectic Solvents in Organic Chemistry
M. Rbaa, Z. Rouifi, M. Oubaaqa, A. Barrahi, E. Berdimurodov, B. Tüzün, B. Lakhrissi, A. Zarrouk and R. Seghiri
10.1 Introduction
10.2 Definition of Deep Eutectic Solvent
10.3 Natural Deep Eutectic Solvents
10.4 Methods for Preparing GDES
10.5 Physicochemical Properties of Green Deep Eutectic Solvents
10.6 Comparison with Traditional Solvents
10.7 The Use of Green Deep Eutectic Solvents in Organic Chemistry
10.8 Applications in Organic Synthesis
10.9 Deep Eutectic Solvents Economic Advantages
10.10 Conclusion
References
11. Green Deep Eutectic Solvents in Genomics/Fundamentals of Nucleic Acids
Ayushi Prajapat, Naina, Iona Massey, Prashant Singh, Garima Pandey, Kumar Rakesh Ranjan and Kamlesh Kumari
11.1 An Introduction to Deep Eutectic Solvents
11.2 Properties of Deep Eutectic Solvents
11.3 General Applications of Deep Eutectic Solvents
11.3.1 Biomedical Application
11.3.2 Purification of Biodiesel
11.3.3 Organic Synthesis
11.3.4 Separation and Absorption of Gases
11.3.5 Metallurgy
11.3.6 Nucleic Acid Genomics
11.3.7 Power System Technologies
11.3.8 Biocatalyst
11.3.9 Biomass Processing
11.4 What are Green Deep Eutectic Solvents?
11.5 Deep Eutectic Solvents with Biological Molecules
11.5.1 Extraction of Biological Macromolecules Using Deep Eutectic Solvents
11.5.2 Extraction of Proteins Using DES
11.5.3 Extraction of Carbohydrates Using DES
11.5.4 Extraction of Lipids Using DES
11.5.5 Extraction of Nucleic Acids Using DES
11.6 Interaction of Deep Eutectic Solvents with Nucleic Acids (DNA/RNA) for Their Stability
11.7 Conclusion
References
12. Green Deep Eutectic Solvents in Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Applications
Palesa Pamela Seele, Reitumetse Precious Molefi, Kabo Matshetshe, Hendriette Van der Walt and Charlotte Maserumule
12.1 Introduction of DES to the Pharmaceutical and Medical Industry
12.1.1 Brief History and Description of DES
12.1.1.1 Physicochemical Structure and Properties of DES
12.1.1.2 Hydrogen Bonding Pattern in DES
12.1.1.3 Effectors of pH on DES
12.2 Biocompatibility, Cytotoxicity and Biodegradability of DES
12.2.1 Biocompatibility of DES
12.2.2 Cellular Responses and Cytotoxicity
12.2.3 Cytotoxicity Assessment of DES
12.2.4 Cell Line-Specific Responses
12.2.5 Biodegradability of DES
12.3 Biomedical Applications of DES
12.3.1 Plant-Based Extraction
12.3.2 Animal-Based Extraction
12.4 Antimicrobial Properties and Mechanisms of DES
12.4.1 Antimicrobial Properties and Application
12.4.2 Antimicrobial Effects: Mechanisms of Action
12.5 Fabrication of DES to Improve the Drug Delivery Systems and Pharmacokinetics of Drugs
12.5.1 DES as Homogenous Crystalline Systems in Drug Delivery
12.5.2 Eutectic Mixtures As Solid Dispersions Delivery Systems
12.5.3 Role of Eutectic Solvents in Polymeric Delivery Systems
12.6 The Mechanisms of DES in Solubilizing Biomolecules and the Effects of Water
12.6.1 Mechanisms of DES in Solubilization of Biomolecules
12.6.1.1 Solubilization of Proteins
12.6.1.2 Solubilization of Polysaccharides
12.6.1.3 Solvation of Bioactive Compounds
12.6.2 Water Effects on DES Solubilization of Biomolecules
12.7 Industrial/Commercial Use and Limitations of DES
12.7.1 Limitations
References
13. Green Deep Eutectic Solvents in Nanomaterial Synthesis
Abhinay Thakur and Ashish Kumar
13.1 Introduction
13.2 Fundamentals of Green Deep Eutectic Solvents
13.2.1 Definition and Characteristics
13.2.2 Green Chemistry Principles
13.2.3 Comparison with Conventional Solvents
13.3 Properties and Advantages of Green Deep Eutectic Solvents
13.3.1 Low Toxicity and Biodegradability
13.3.2 Sustainability and Renewable Resources
13.3.3 Solvent Customization for Nanomaterial Synthesis
13.4 Interactions Between Green Deep Eutectic Solvents and Nanomaterial Precursors
13.4.1 Molecular Mechanisms
13.4.2 Influence on Size, Shape, and Composition
13.5 Applications of Green Deep Eutectic Solvents in Nanomaterial Synthesis
13.5.1 Nanoparticles
13.5.2 Nanocomposites
13.5.3 Nanostructures
13.6 Challenges and Future Perspectives
13.7 Conclusion
References
14. Green Deep Eutectic Solvents in Polymerization/Polymer Chemistry
Omar Dagdag, Rajesh Haldhar, Abhinay Thakur, Walid Daoudi, Avni Berisha, Elyor Berdimurodov, Hicham Es-soufi and Hansang Kim
Abbreviations
14.1 Introduction
14.2 General Description of DES
14.3 DES: Their Role in Polymer Synthesis
14.4 Study on Polymerization in DES
14.4.1 Role of DES in Polymerization Processes
14.4.2 Polymerizable DES
14.4.3 Polymerization of Monomers by DES
14.5 Applications of DES in Polymer Chemistry
14.6 Conclusion
References
15. Green Deep Eutectic Solvents in the Extraction of Bioactive Compounds
Elyor Berdimurodov, Ashish Kumar, Omar Dagdag, Mohamed Rbaa, Anvar Khamidov and Bhawana Jain
15.1 Introduction
15.2 Applications in Bioactive Compound Extraction
15.3 Challenges and Future Directions in DES-Based Extraction
15.4 Conclusion
References
16. Green Deep Eutectic Solvents in Metallurgy and Electrodeposition
Javokhir Abdisattorov, Akbarali Rasulov, Husan Yaxshinorov, Fan Baomin and Elyor Berdimurodov
16.1 Introduction
16.2 DES as Electrolytes in Metallurgy
16.3 Green Deep Eutectic Solvents in Electrodeposition
16.4 Challenges and Future Perspectives
16.5 Conclusion
References
Index

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