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Waste Utilization in Geotechnical Practice

Edited by Sandeep Samantaray, Subhashree Samantasinghar, Soumendra K. Mohanty, Vivek, Abinash Sahoo and Deba Prakash Satapathy
Copyright: 2025   |   Expected Pub Date:2025/06/30
ISBN: 9781394242184  |  Hardcover  |  
334 pages

One Line Description
The book provides a comprehensive overview of how the innovative use of waste materials not only addresses environmental challenges but also provides sustainable, cost-effective solutions for construction, making it an essential resource for professionals in the field.

Audience
Researchers, civil engineers, students and policymakers working in geotechnical engineering, civil engineering, environmental science, and waste management.

Description
Waste pollutes ground resources and sub-surface water if disposed of without proper treatment, which requires large areas. This waste can be utilized as a sustainable alternative to conventional construction materials. Environmental scientists and geotechnical engineers are increasingly challenged to solve environmental problems related to waste disposal facilities and the cleanup of contaminated sites. This book explores how various types of waste materials can be effectively used in geotechnical construction projects related to soil and foundation.
The volume covers properties of different waste materials, methods for testing and characterizing them, potential environmental impacts of using waste materials in geotechnical projects, and the design considerations and techniques for incorporating those waste materials into geotechnical structures. The economic and regulatory aspects of waste utilization in geotechnical practice, including the potential cost savings and the protocols governing the use of waste materials in construction projects, are discussed. The book serves as an informative and practical guide to land-based waste disposal and its potential applications in soil improvement.

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Author / Editor Details
Sandeep Samantaray, PhD is an assistant professor in the Civil Engineering Department of the National Institute of Technology in Srinagar, Jammu, and Kashmir, India. He has attended over 60 international conferences and written 40 articles in international journals, 15 book chapters, and two books. He also holds two patents from India, eight from South Africa, and one from Germany. His research interests include watershed management, waste materials, and hydrologic modelling and computing in developing sustainable means of managing the environment.

Subhashree Samantasinghar, PhD is an assistant professor in the Department of Civil Engineering at Odisha University of Technology and Research. She has published numerous articles in national and international journals, book chapters, and conferences, and serves as a reviewer in several peer-reviewed international journals. Her research interests include geopolymer technology, environmental geotechniques, and construction materials.

Soumendra K. Mohanty, PhD is the founder and managing director of SM Consultants, which he established in 1999 in Balasore, India. He is well known in the industry for his oratory skills and out-of-the-box engineering ideas, touting over 20 years of experience in civil engineering. He is a member of the Civil Engineering Society, Structural Engineers Association, Indian Roads Congress, and Indian Building Congress.

Vivek, PhD is an assistant professor in the Department of Civil Engineering at the National Institute of Technology Srinagar. He has four international patents in the field of transportation engineering and has over 13 publications. His research interests include the characterization of pavement materials, pavement design, the use of geotextiles on roads, mechanical behavior, resilient response, and asphalt materials.

Abinash Sahoo, PhD is an assistant professor in the Department of Civil Engineering at Odisha University of Technology and Research. He has authored or coauthored 30 refereed journal articles, four book chapters, one book, and over 45 conference papers, in addition to holding one German and two South African patents. His research interests include hydrological forecasting and modelling, watershed management, applications of AI, and optimization techniques.

Contributors:
Deba Prakash Satapathy

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Table of Contents
Preface
1. Interaction of Landfill Leachate with Olivine-Treated BCS: Suitability for Bottom Liner Application
Deepak Kumar Padhi, Udit Narayan Bhoi, Biswajit Majhi and Siprarani Pradhan
1.1 Introduction
1.2 Materials and Methodology
1.2.1 BCS
1.2.2 Olivine
1.2.3 Leachate
1.2.4 Sample Preparation
1.2.5 Test Procedures
1.2.5.1 Wet Sieving for Grain Size Distribution
1.2.5.2 Dry Sieving for Grain Size Distribution
1.2.5.3 Liquid Limit Test
1.2.5.4 Plastic Limit Test
1.2.5.5 Plasticity Index
1.2.5.6 Specific Gravity
1.2.5.7 Standard Proctor Test
1.2.5.8 Modified Proctor Test
1.2.5.9 Unconfined Compression Test
1.2.5.10 Hydraulic Conductivity
1.3 Results and Discussion
1.3.1 Effect of Varying Olivine Percentages on Grain Size Distribution Curve on Olivine Treated BCS
1.3.2 Influence of Different Olivine Percentages on the BCS Consistency Limit
1.3.3 Effect of Varying Olivine Percentages on Standard Proctor Test Result of Olivine Treated BCS
1.3.4 Effect of Varying Olivine Percentages on Modified Proctor Test Result of Olivine Treated BCS
1.3.5 Effect of Varying Olivine Percentages on UCS on Olivine Treated BCS
1.3.6 Effect of Varying Olivine Percentages on Hydraulic Conductivity on Olivine Treated BCS
1.4 Conclusion
References
2. Strength and Microstructural Characterization of Industrial Waste Amended Dispersive Soil
Samaptika Mohanty, Subhashree Samantasinghar, Amiya Ranjan Pandit and Sandeep Samantaray
2.1 Introduction
2.2 Materials and Methodology
2.2.1 Materials Used
2.2.2 Test Procedure
2.3 Results and Discussion
2.3.1 Details of Tests Conducted for Identification of Soil
2.3.1.1 Double Hydrometer Test (DHT)
2.3.1.2 Crumb Test
2.3.1.3 Cylindrical Dispersion Test
2.3.2 Raw Material Characterization
2.3.2.1 Dispersive Soil
2.3.2.2 Fly Ash
2.3.2.3 Cement Clinker
2.3.2.4 Ground Granulated Blast Furnace Slag
2.3.2.5 Physical Characteristics
2.3.2.6 Leachate Analysis
2.3.2.7 Designation of Test Specimens
2.3.2.8 Compaction Characteristics
2.3.3 Unconfined Compressive Strength (UCS)
2.3.4 California Bearing Ratio (CBR) Test
2.3.5 Micro Structural Characterization
2.3.5.1 X-Ray Diffraction
2.3.5.2 Scanning Electron Microscopy
2.4 Conclusion
References
3. Effect of Geotechnical-Properties of Soil by Varying the Proportions of Plastic Waste and Ceramic Tile Waste
Pradeep Kumar Sahoo, Chhabirani Tudu, Manaswinee Patnaik and Siprarani Pradhan
3.1 Introduction
3.2 Background of the Study
3.2.1 Previous Research
3.3 Material
3.3.1 Red Earth Sample
3.3.2 Plastic Waste
3.3.3 Ceramic Tile Waste
3.4 Methodology
3.5 Geotechnical Investigation
3.5.1 Grain Size Distribution Test
3.5.2 Specific Gravity Test
3.5.3 Liquid Limit Test
3.5.4 Plastic Limit Test
3.5.5 Plasticity Index
3.5.6 Standard Protector Test
3.5.7 California Bearing Ratio (CBR) Test
3.5.8 Unconfined Compressive Strength (UCS) Test
3.5.9 Direct Shear Test
3.6 Results and Discussion
3.6.1 Index Properties of Virgin Earth
3.6.2 Standard Proctor Test/Light Compaction Test
3.6.2.1 OMC and MDD of Ceramic Tile Dust Mixed Earth
3.6.2.2 OMC and MDD of Earth With Optimum Dosage of Tile Dust Mixed with Plastic (LDPE)
3.6.3 Unsoaked California Bearing Ratio (CBR)
3.6.3.1 CBR Value (Unsoaked) for Earth Stabilized with Ceramic Tile Dust
3.6.3.2 CBR Value (Unsoaked) for Earth Stabilized with Tile Dust and LDPE
3.6.4 Soaked California Bearing Ratio (CBR)
3.6.4.1 CBR Value (Soaked) for Earth Stabilized with Ceramic Tile Dust
3.6.4.2 CBR Value (Soaked) for Earth Stabilized with Tile Dust and LDPE
3.6.5 Unconfined Compressive Strength Test (UCS)
3.6.5.1 UCS Value of Ceramic Tile Dust Stabilized Earth
3.6.5.2 UCS Value for Earth Stabilized with Tile Dust and LDPE
3.6.6 Direct Shear Test (DST)
3.6.6.1 Cohesion (C) and Angle of Internal Friction (Ø) of Ceramic Tile Dust Stabilized Earth
3.6.6.2 Cohesion (C) and Angle of Internal Friction (Ø) for Earth Stabilized with Tile
Dust and LDPE
3.7 Conclusion
References
4. Experimental Investigation of the Effect of Bentonite on the Cyclic Resistance of Pond Ash
Anuj Kumar Patel, Vamsi Alla, G. Suneel Kumar and Rabi Narayan Behera
4.1 Introduction
4.2 Materials and Methodology
4.2.1 Materials
4.2.2 Methodology
4.3 Experimental Outcomes and Discussion
4.3.1 Specific Gravity
4.3.2 Atterberg Limits
4.3.3 Swelling and Shrinkage Characteristics
4.3.4 Compaction Characteristics
4.3.5 Unconfined Compressive Strength (UCS)
4.3.6 Permeability Characteristics
4.3.7 Strength Parameters
4.3.8 Effect of Bentonite Content on Excess Pore Water Pressure Ratio vs Number of Cycles
4.3.9 Triaxial Compression Test Unconsolidated Undrained
4.3.10 Effect of Plasticity Of Mix on the Cyclic Resistance
4.3.11 Typical Test Results of PA+B Mix (PA80+B20)
4.3.12 Effect of Cyclic Stress Ratio (CSR) on (20% Bentonite+80% Pond Ash) Mix
4.3.13 Effect of Confining Pressure on Pore Water Pressure Generation
4.3.14 Effect of Cell Pressure on the Axial Deformation
4.4 Conclusions
References
5. Utilization of Pond Ash for Problematic Soil Remediation
Debasree and Subhashree Samantasinghar
5.1 Introduction
5.2 Materials and Experimental Methods
5.2.1 Materials Used
5.2.2 Experimental Programs
5.3 Results and Discussion
5.3.1 Raw Material Characterization
5.3.2 Plasticity Characteristics
5.3.2.1 Plasticity Index
5.3.2.2 Swelling and Shrinkage Characteristics
5.3.3 Compaction Parameters
5.3.4 Unconfined Compressive Strength
5.3.5 California Bearing Ratio
5.3.6 Hydraulic Conductivity
5.4 Conclusions
References
6. Utilization of Steel Slag in the Construction of Granular Sub-Base Layer
Chitaranjan Dalai, Subhashree Samantasinghar, Debiprasad Panda, Sai Sumiran Panda and Deba Prakash Satapathy
6.1 Introduction
6.2 Materials and Methodology
6.2.1 Materials Used
6.2.1.1 Soil
6.2.1.2 Dolochar
6.2.1.3 Steel Slag
6.2.1.4 Jute
6.2.1.5 Geotextile
6.2.2 Methodology
6.3 Results and Discussion
6.3.1 Tests on Soil
6.3.1.1 Specific Gravity of Soil
6.3.1.2 Sieve Analysis of Soil
6.3.1.3 Liquid Limit of Soil
6.3.1.4 Plastic Limit of Soil
6.3.1.5 Maximum Dry Density and Optimum Moisture Content of Soil
6.3.1.6 California Bearing Ratio of Soil
6.3.2 Tests on Aggregates
6.3.2.1 Impact Test of Dolochar
6.3.2.2 Impact Test of Steel Slag
6.3.2.3 Los Angeles Abrasion Test of Steel Slag
6.3.2.4 Specific Gravity and Water Absorption Test of Steel Slag
6.3.2.5 Soundness Test on Steel Slag
6.3.2.6 CBR Test on Steel Slag
6.3.2.7 Constant Head Permeability Test on Steel Slag
6.3.3 Tests on Soil and Aggregate Combined
6.3.3.1 Unsoaked CBR Tests Using Soil and Varying Proportion of Aggregate
6.3.3.2 Soaked CBR Tests Using Soil and Varying Proportions of Slag
6.3.4 Proportions of Steel Slag with Soil in Sub Base
6.3.5 Comparative Study
6.4 Conclusion
References
7. Multi Stabilizers Optimization for Expansive Soil Treatment Using Taguchi Approach
Doleswar Nayak, Biswajit Majhi and Saleema Panda
7.1 Introduction
7.2 Materials
7.2.1 Expansive Soil
7.2.2 Silica Fumes
7.2.3 Sawdust
7.2.4 GGBS
7.3 Methodology
7.3.1 Specific Gravity
7.3.2 Grain Size Analysis
7.3.3 Atterberg Limits
7.3.3.1 Liquid Limit
7.3.3.2 Plastic Limit
7.3.4 Compaction Characteristics
7.3.5 California Bearing Ratio
7.3.6 Unconfined Compression Strength Test
7.3.7 Differential Free Swell
7.3.8 Plan of Optimization
7.4 Results and Discussion
7.4.1 Experimental Results
7.4.1.1 Specific Gravity
7.4.1.2 Particle Size Analysis
7.4.1.3 Liquid Limit
7.4.1.4 Plastic Limit
7.4.1.5 Compaction Characteristics
7.4.1.6 California Bearing Ratio
7.4.1.7 Unconfined Compression Strength Test
7.4.1.8 Differential Free Swell
7.4.2 Procedure to Determine Grey-Super-Efficiency
7.4.3 Experimental Data
7.4.4 Optimum Combination of Additives
7.4.5 Confirmatory Test
7.4.6 Effect of Optimal Additives Mixture on CBR
7.4.7 Effect of Optimal Additives Mixture on UCS
7.4.8 Effect of Optimal Additives Mixture on DFS
7.5 Conclusion
References
8. Comparative Study on Strength and Compaction Characteristics of Sand and Waste Materials Blended Expansive Soil
Manisha Khuntia, Sourav Mahanand, Harpreet Singh and Raj Kishor Gonjhu
8.1 Introduction
8.2 Material and Methodology
8.2.1 Materials Used
8.2.2 Methodology
8.3 Results and Discussion
8.3.1 Compaction Characteristics
8.3.2 California Bearing Ratio
8.4 Conclusion
References
9. Investigation of the Strength Parameters for Red Soil with Coir and Pet Fiber Reinforcement
Nandita Das, Chhabirani Tudu, Biswajit Majhi and Prateek Kumar Dhir
9.1 Introduction
9.2 Background of the Study
9.2.1 Polyethylene Terephthalate
9.2.2 Coconut Coir Fiber
9.3 Materials
9.3.1 Red Soil
9.3.2 Plastic Waste Pet Bottles
9.3.3 Coir Fiber
9.4 Methodology
9.5 Experimental Program
9.5.1 Grain Size Distribution
9.5.2 Specific Gravity Test
9.5.3 Plastic Limit (PL) Test
9.5.4 Liquid Limit (LL) Test
9.5.5 Standard Protector Test
9.5.6 Direct Shear Test
9.5.7 CBR Test
9.6 Results and Discussion
9.6.1 Properties of Red Soil
9.6.2 Standard Proctor Test
9.6.2.1 Impact of Coir Fiber on OMC and MDD of Stabilized Soil
9.6.2.2 Impact of Plastic (PET) Strips on OMC and MDD
9.6.3 Direct Shear Test (DST)
9.6.3.1 Cohesion and Angle of Internal Friction
9.6.3.2 Effect of Pet Reinforcement and Coir Fiber on the Direct Shear Test
9.6.4 California Bearing Ratio Test-Disturbed Soil
9.6.4.1 Effect of CF on Unsoaked CBR Test
9.6.4.2 Effect of PET Reinforcement and CF Mix on Unsoaked CBR Test
9.6.4.3 Effect of CF on Soaked CBR Test
9.6.4.4 Effect of PET Strips and CF Mix on Soaked CBR Test
9.7 Conclusion
References
10. Study on Geotechnical Properties of Red Soil by Stabilizing with LDPE Plastic
Rosalin Dalai, Debasish Kar, Abinash Sahoo, Pramodini Sahu and Haran Pragalath
10.1 Introduction
10.1.1 Background
10.2 Materials and Methodology
10.2.1 Soil Sample
10.2.2 Waste Plastic as Soil Stabilizer
10.2.3 Methodologies
10.3 Results and Discussions
10.3.1 Results of Modified Proctor Test
10.3.2 Results of CBR Test
10.4 Conclusions
References
11. Effect of Marble Dust on the Properties of Black Cotton Soil
Subhadipta Chaudhury and Abinash Sahoo
11.1 Introduction
11.2 Methodology
11.2.1 Soil Sample
11.2.2 Materials Used
11.2.3 Various Tests Conducted
11.2.3.1 Particle Size Distribution of Soil
11.2.3.2 Specific Gravity of Soil
11.2.3.3 Liquid Limit of Soil
11.2.3.4 Plastic Limit of Soil
11.2.3.5 Shrinkage Limit of Soil
11.2.3.6 Compaction Characteristics of a Soil Specimen by Proctor’s Test
11.2.3.7 CBR
11.2.3.8 Consolidation
11.2.3.9 Permeability
11.3 Result and Discussion
11.3.1 Grain Size Distribution of Soil
11.3.2 Liquid Limit of Soil
11.3.3 Plastic Limit of Soil
11.3.4 Plasticity Index of Soil
11.3.5 Compaction Characteristics
11.3.6 CBR Test
11.3.6.1 Unsoaked CBR Test
11.3.6.2 Soaked CBR Test
11.3.7 Consolidation Test
11.3.8 Permeability Test
11.4 Conclusion
References
Index

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Description
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Table of Contents
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