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Submit a ProposalBiotechnological Processes for Industrial and Biomedical Waste Management
 | Edited by Naveen Dwivedi, Shubha Dwivedi, Ranjeet Kumar Mishra and Charles Oluwaseun Adetunji
Copyright: 2025 | Expected Pub Date:2025/09/30 ISBN: 9781394272006 | Hardcover | 648 pages |
One Line Description
Shape the future of the environment with this comprehensive guide to solutions
for the future of waste management through bioengineering.
Audience
Biotechnologists, microbiologists, nanotechnologists, environmental biotechnologists, industrialists, municipal and environmental engineers, and policymakers looking for strategies to deal with challenges of current environmental issues and waste management in sustainable and effective manners.
Biotechnologists, microbiologists, nanotechnologists, environmental biotechnologists, industrialists, municipal and environmental engineers, and policymakers looking for strategies to deal with challenges of current environmental issues and waste management in sustainable and effective manners.
Description
As global industries and healthcare systems continue to expand, the need for effective and sustainable waste management strategies has become more critical. The improper disposal of industrial and biomedical waste in open dumps and landfills carries the risk of providing environmental entry points for toxic compounds like heavy metals, volatile organic compounds, inorganic macrocomponents, and xenobiotic organic compounds. In spite of the health hazards and environmental risks, the management of industrial and biomedical pollutants is not prioritized in many parts of the world, creating demand for the development of effective, eco-friendly, cost-effective, reliable, and sustainable bio-based technologies to monitor and protect the environment from harmful waste. This book highlights the characteristics, aims, and applications of advanced biotechnological methods as the ultimate solution for sustainable management of a critically polluted environment. Expert insights will introduce a sustainable biotechnological approach for the remediation of industrial and biomedical wastes and their advancement, including its technical, scientific, regulatory, safety, and societal impacts.
Readers will find the volume:
• Introduces intelligent applications in high-priority waste and wastewater collection and management for supporting ecological sustainability;
• Presents the state-of-the-art in emerging technologies for resource recovery from industrial and biomedical waste and wastewater, and linear and circular bioeconomy models;
• Highlights integrated bioengineering systems for biomedical waste clean-up using high-throughput approaches with zero discharge, and their computational approaches and techno-economic feasibility;
• Explores future research for biotechnological intervention to fix the environmental issues and scientific challenges for sustainability.
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As global industries and healthcare systems continue to expand, the need for effective and sustainable waste management strategies has become more critical. The improper disposal of industrial and biomedical waste in open dumps and landfills carries the risk of providing environmental entry points for toxic compounds like heavy metals, volatile organic compounds, inorganic macrocomponents, and xenobiotic organic compounds. In spite of the health hazards and environmental risks, the management of industrial and biomedical pollutants is not prioritized in many parts of the world, creating demand for the development of effective, eco-friendly, cost-effective, reliable, and sustainable bio-based technologies to monitor and protect the environment from harmful waste. This book highlights the characteristics, aims, and applications of advanced biotechnological methods as the ultimate solution for sustainable management of a critically polluted environment. Expert insights will introduce a sustainable biotechnological approach for the remediation of industrial and biomedical wastes and their advancement, including its technical, scientific, regulatory, safety, and societal impacts.
Readers will find the volume:
• Introduces intelligent applications in high-priority waste and wastewater collection and management for supporting ecological sustainability;
• Presents the state-of-the-art in emerging technologies for resource recovery from industrial and biomedical waste and wastewater, and linear and circular bioeconomy models;
• Highlights integrated bioengineering systems for biomedical waste clean-up using high-throughput approaches with zero discharge, and their computational approaches and techno-economic feasibility;
• Explores future research for biotechnological intervention to fix the environmental issues and scientific challenges for sustainability.
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Author / Editor Details
Naveen Dwivedi, PhD is a Professor in the Department of Biotechnology Engineering and Food Technology, University, Institute of Engineering, Chandigarh University, Mohali, Punjab, India. He has published more than 50 research articles in peer-reviewed journals and conferences and more than two dozen book chapters. He is a senior member of the Universal Association of Civil, Structural, and Environmental, Indian Water Resources Society, and Society of Chemical Industry.
Naveen Dwivedi, PhD is a Professor in the Department of Biotechnology Engineering and Food Technology, University, Institute of Engineering, Chandigarh University, Mohali, Punjab, India. He has published more than 50 research articles in peer-reviewed journals and conferences and more than two dozen book chapters. He is a senior member of the Universal Association of Civil, Structural, and Environmental, Indian Water Resources Society, and Society of Chemical Industry.
Shubha Dwivedi, PhD is an Associate Professor and Head of the Department of Biotechnology in the School of Life Science and Technology at IIMT University, Meerut, Uttar Pradesh, India. She has published more than 50 research papers in international journals and conference proceedings and given more than 100 talks. Her work focuses on eco-friendly technology development for the removal of hazardous contaminants from wastewater.
Ranjeet Kumar Mishra, PhD is an Associate Professor in the Department of Chemical Engineering at the Manipal Institute of Technology, Manipal, Karnataka, India. He has published more than 40 research articles in international journals and conferences. His current research interests include biomass conversion, pyrolysis, waste management, biochar, biofuel, hydrothermal liquefaction, and water and wastewater treatment.
Charles Oluwaseun Adetunji, PhD is a Professor in the Microbiology Department and Director of Intellectual Properties and Technology Transfer at Edo University Uzairue, Edo State, Nigeria. He has more than 180 publications in scientific journals, books, and conference proceedings and has filed several patents. His research interest includes microbiology, biotechnology, post-harvest management, and nanotechnology.
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Table of Contents
Preface
Part 1: Industrial Waste
1. Biotechnological Methods and Strategic Planning for Increasing Sustainability and Resilience for Industrial Waste Management
Shubha Dwivedi, Naveen Dwivedi, Sanjukta Vidyant and Ranjeet Kumar Mishra
1.1 Introduction
1.1.1 Overview of the Environmental Challenges Posed by Industrial Waste Without Headings
1.1.2 Statistics of Waste Generation Worldwide
1.1.3 The Role of Biotechnology in Addressing These Challenges
1.1.4 Biotechnology Treatment for Nonhazardous Industrial Waste
1.1.5 Importance of Strategic Planning in Waste Management
1.1.6 Impacts of Industrial Waste
1.2 Classification of Industrial Waste (Solid, Liquid, Hazardous)
1.3 Major Sources of Industrial Waste
1.4 Biotechnological Methods for Waste Management
1.4.1 Bioremediation
1.4.2 Composting
1.4.3 Anaerobic Digestion
1.4.4 Phytoremediation
1.4.5 Bioleaching
1.4.6 Enzymatic Treatment
1.4.7 Waste Valorization
1.5 Strategic Planning in Industrial Waste Management
1.6 LCA of Biotechnological Processes for Waste Management with Respect to Carbon Footprint
1.7 Future Directions and Innovations
1.8 Conclusion
References
2. Optobiotechnological Approaches for the Restoration of Environmental Issues
Abdulmajid Musa Maku, Onifade Olayinka Fisayo, Fatima Baba, Innocent Ojeba Musa, Oluwafemi Adebayo Oyewole, Modupe C. Adetunji, Charles Oluwaseun Adetunji and Muhammed Lawal Attanda
2.1 Introduction
2.2 Environmental Restoration
2.3 Optobiotechnological Approaches for the Restoration of Environmental Issues
2.4 Bioremediation Strategies
2.5 Plant-Based Approaches
2.6 Remote Sensing and Monitoring
2.7 Optical Biosensors
2.8 Advantages of Optobiotechnological Approaches
2.9 Disadvantages of Optobiotechnology
2.10 Conclusion
Recommendations
References
3. Eco-Friendly Bioenergy from Industrial Waste
Anirudh K.S., Ramyashree M.S., Seema K. and S. Shanmuga Priya
3.1 Introduction
3.2 Industrial Waste Management
3.2.1 Food Waste
3.2.2 Agricultural Waste
3.2.3 Cooking Oil Waste
3.2.4 Beverage Waste
3.2.5 Paper Waste
3.3 Bioenergy Systems—Its Constituents
3.3.1 Biological Methods
3.3.1.1 Anaerobic Digestion
3.3.1.2 Esterification
3.3.1.3 Ethanol Fermentation
3.3.1.4 Microbial Fuel Cells (MFC)
3.3.2 Physicochemical Method
3.3.2.1 Incineration
3.3.2.2 Pyrolysis
3.3.2.3 Gasification
3.3.2.4 Hydrothermal Carbonization
3.3.2.5 Landfill
3.4 Challenges and Future Outlook
3.5 Conclusion
References
4. Integrated Approaches in Industrial Waste(s) Management with Zero Discharge
Moksh Rajpal, Anoushka Singh and Naveen Dwivedi
4.1 Introduction to Zero Discharge
4.1.1 Defining Zero Discharge
4.1.2 The Need for Zero Discharge in Today’s World
4.1.3 Zero Discharge and Sustainability: A Crucial Connection
4.1.4 Principle of Zero Discharge in Waste Management
4.1.5 The Role of Biotechnology in Zero Discharge
4.1.6 Challenges and Limitations of Zero Discharge
4.1.7 The Imperative of Zero Discharge
4.2 Integrated Biobased Methods/Techniques in Zero Liquid Discharge
4.2.1 Phytoremediation Techniques
4.2.1.1 Working Mechanisms of Phytoremediation
4.2.1.2 Practical and Industrial Applications of Phytoremediation
4.2.1.3 Real-Life and Scientific Examples of Phytoremediation
4.2.2 Microbial Fuel Cells
4.2.2.1 Working of Microbial Fuel Cells
4.2.2.2 Practical Applications and Industry Applications of MFCs
4.2.3 Biogas Production and Utilization
4.2.3.1 Working of Biogas Systems in Zero Liquid Discharge
4.2.3.2 Practical and Industry Applications
4.2.3.3 Real-Life Applications
4.2.4 Biosolid Management
4.2.4.1 Working of Biosolid Management
4.2.4.2 Practical Applications of Biosolid Management
4.2.4.3 Real-Life Applications
4.2.5 Integrated Wetland Systems
4.2.5.1 Working of Integrated Wetland Systems
4.2.5.2 Practical Application and Industry Use
4.2.5.3 Real-Life Examples
4.3 Biotechnological Innovations in Waste Management
4.3.1 Enzyme-Based Waste Treatment
4.3.1.1 Enzymatic Degradation
4.3.1.2 Commercial Applications
4.3.1.3 Innovations in Enzyme Technology
4.3.1.4 Real-World Examples
4.3.1.5 Challenges and Future Prospect
4.3.2 Genetic Engineering and Synthetic Biology Approaches
4.3.2.1 Genetically Modified Organisms
4.3.2.2 Applications of GMOs in Waste Degradation
4.3.2.3 Synthetic Biology
4.3.2.4 Creation of Synthetic Organisms
4.3.2.5 Ethical and Safety Considerations
4.3.2.6 Regulatory Frameworks
4.3.2.7 Real-World Examples
4.3.3 Bioreactors and Bioaugmentation
4.3.3.1 Types of Bioreactors
4.3.3.2 Real-World Example
4.3.3.3 Bioaugmentation Techniques
4.3.3.4 Operational Challenges and Solutions
4.3.4 Advanced Bio-Based Materials for Waste Management
4.3.4.1 Biopolymers and Bioplastics
4.3.4.2 Production of Bioplastics
4.3.4.3 Environmental Benefits
4.3.4.4 Market Trends and Applications
4.3.4.5 Government Incentives and Regulations
4.3.4.6 Innovations in Bioplastic Technology
4.3.4.7 Bioplastic Waste Management
4.3.4.8 Biochar and Its Applications
4.3.4.9 Nanobiotechnology in Waste Management
4.4 Economic Analysis and Policy Framework
4.4.1 Financial Implications of Zero Discharge Implementation
4.4.2 Valuation of Biotechnological Methods in Waste Management
4.4.3 Policy Drivers and Regulatory Mechanisms
4.4.3.1 International Regulatory Mechanisms
4.4.3.2 Indian Regulatory Mechanisms
4.4.3.3 Economic Implications and Incentives
4.4.4 Economic Incentives for Sustainable Waste Management
4.4.4.1 Global Economic Incentives
4.4.4.2 Indian Economic Incentives
4.4.4.3 Effectiveness of Economic Incentives
4.4.5 Impact of Policy on Technological Adoption and Innovation
4.4.6 Case Analysis of Economic and Policy Successes and Failures
4.4.6.1 Successes in Economic Strategies and Policy Interventions
4.4.6.2 Failures in Economic Strategies and Policy Interventions
4.4.6.3 Comparative Analysis
4.4.7 Synthesis and Strategic Recommendations
4.4.7.1 Synthesis of Economic and Policy Analysis
4.4.7.2 Strategic Recommendations
4.5 Case Studies and Real-World Applications
4.5.1 Case Study 1: Bioremediation at the Exxon Valdez Oil Spill Site
4.5.2 Case Study 2: Enzymatic Degradation of Medical Waste in India
4.5.3 Case Study 3: Algal Bioreactors in Municipal Wastewater Treatment in California
4.5.4 Case Study 4: Bioconversion of Agricultural Residues in Brazil
4.5.5 Case Study 5: Microbial Treatment of Heavy Metals in China
4.5.6 Case Study 6: Zero Liquid Discharge in Textile Industry in India
4.6 Future Directions and Emerging Technologies
4.6.1 Next-Generation Zero Discharge Systems
4.6.2 Molecular Innovations in Waste Management
4.6.3 Bioenergy and Waste Valorization
4.6.4 Digitalization and Data-Driven Waste Management
4.6.5 Policy Evolution for Sustainable Waste Management
4.6.6 Commercialization and Market Dynamics
References
5. Innovative and Emerging Biomass-Based Waste-to-Energy Processes and Technologies
Anushree Pant, Saheli Sabnam, Harmanpreet Meehnian, Naveen Dwivedi and Asim Kumar Jana
5.1 Introduction
5.2 Need of WtE Process and Technologies
5.3 Waste to Energy Conversion Technologies
5.3.1 Physical Conversion
5.3.1.1 Briquetting
5.3.1.2 Extraction
5.3.1.3 Distillation
5.3.2 Thermal Conversion
5.3.2.1 Incineration
5.3.2.2 Gasification
5.3.2.3 Pyrolysis
5.3.2.4 Torrefaction
5.3.2.5 Combustion
5.3.2.6 Hydrothermal
5.3.3 Biological Pretreatment Methods
5.3.3.1 Aerobic Composting
5.3.3.2 Anaerobic Digestion
5.3.3.3 Fermentation
5.3.4 Biochemical Technologies
5.3.4.1 Hydrolysis
5.3.4.2 Transesterification
5.3.4.3 Supercritical Water Gasification
5.3.5 Hybrid Methods
5.3.6 Emerging Biomass to Energy Technologies
5.3.6.1 Microbial Fuel Cells
5.3.6.2 Photobiological Method
5.4 Sustainability, Environmental and Health Impacts
5.5 Conclusions
References
6. Biochar Technology in Industrial Wastewater Treatment
Shilpi Das and Himadri Sahu
6.1 Introduction
6.2 Industrial Wastewater
6.3 Biochar as an Adsorbent
6.4 Production of Biochar by Pyrolysis Process
6.5 Major Factors Affecting Biochar Production
6.6 Biochar as an Effectual Adsorbent for Industrial Wastewater Treatment
6.7 Regeneration of Biochar
6.8 Conclusion
References
7. Emerging Technologies for Resources Recovery from Industrial Waste/Wastewater and Bioeconomy Model from Linear to Circular
Rohit Sharma, Yashaswani Sharma, Himanshu Mishra and Shuchi Upadhyay
7.1 Introduction
7.2 A Circular Economy that Promotes Sustainable Development
7.2.1 Principles of Circular Economy
7.2.1.1 Design Out Waste and Pollution
7.2.1.2 Keep Products and Materials in Use
7.2.1.3 Regenerate Natural Systems
7.2.2 Benefits of Circular Economy to Sustainable Development
7.2.2.1 Economic Benefits
7.2.2.2 Environmental Benefits
7.2.2.3 Social Benefits
7.2.3 Emerging Technologies in Circular Economy
7.2.3.1 Resource Recovery from Industrial Waste and Wastewater
7.2.3.2 Digital Technologies
7.2.3.3 Additive Manufacturing
7.2.4 Conclusion
7.3 Global Resources and Growth in the Economy
7.3.1 Global Use of Resources
7.3.1.1 Current Patterns of Resource Consumption
7.3.1.2 Trends in Global Resource Demand
7.3.1.3 Resource Use and Impact of Industrialization
7.3.1.4 Resource-Directed Growth in Emerging Economies
7.3.1.5 Resource Dependence in Developing Countries
7.3.2 Sustainable Resource Management
7.3.2.1 Principles of Sustainable Use of Resources
7.3.2.2 Strategies for Resource Efficiency
7.3.2.3 Initiatives and Policies: Global Efforts for Resource Sustainability
7.3.3 From Linear to Circular Economy
7.3.3.1 Definition and Principles of Circular Economy
7.3.3.2 Benefits of Circular Economy Towards Resource Management
7.3.3.3 Case Studies on the Implementation of Circular Economy
7.3.4 Role of Emerging Technologies in Resource Recovery
7.3.4.1 Innovations in Industrial Waste Treatment
7.3.4.2 Technologies for Wastewater Treatment and Resource Recovery
7.3.4.3 Biotechnologies for Resource Recovery from Organic Waste
7.3.5 Resource Recovery Economic Impacts
7.3.5.1 Cost-Benefit Analysis of Resource Recovery Technologies
7.3.5.2 Economic Opportunities of the Circular Bioeconomy
7.3.5.3 Creation of Jobs and Growth of Industries Resulting from Resource Recovery
7.3.6 Policy and Regulatory Frameworks
7.3.6.1 National and International Policies of Resource Recovery
7.3.6.2 Regulatory Challenge/Opportunity of Resource Recovery
7.3.6.3 Incentives and Support Mechanisms for Emerging Technologies
7.3.7 Future Directions and Strategic Recommendations
7.3.7.1 Roadmap for Sustainable Resource Management
7.3.7.2 Cooperation Among Countries and Innovation
7.3.7.3 Policy Recommendations for Accelerating the Circular Economy Transition
7.4 Bioeconomy: An Emerging Era of Sustainable Economy
7.4.1 Essential Elements of Bioeconomy: Renewable Biological Resources
7.4.2 Linear-To-Circular Transition in Bioeconomy
7.4.3 Emerging Technologies in Bioeconomy
7.4.4 Case Studies and Applications
7.4.5 Policies and Economic Framework
7.5 Waste Biorefinery and Management
7.5.1 Algal Biorefinery
7.5.2 Waste Biorefinery
7.5.3 Valorization of Waste
7.5.4 Sustainable Assessment of Biorefineries from Waste
7.5.5 Life Cycle Assessment (LCA)
7.5.6 Technoeconomic Analysis (TEA) and Social–Economic Analysis (SEA)
7.5.7 Multicriteria Decision Analysis (MCDA)
7.5.8 Integration and Optimization of Different Processes
7.6 Recent Challenges and Future Perspectives
7.7 Conclusion
References
8. Bionanotechnology in Industrial Wastewater Treatment and Life Cycle Assessment
Himadri Sahu and Shilpi Das
8.1 Nanotechnology in Brief
8.1.1 Nanotechnology in Industrial Waste Water Treatment
8.1.2 Nanotechnology’s Impact in Industrial Wastewater Treatment
8.1.3 Bionanotechnology in Brief
8.2 Bionanotechnology: A Green Solution for Industrial Wastewater
8.2.1 Bionanoadsorbents
8.2.1.1 Factors Influencing Bionanoadsorbent Synthesis
8.2.2 Microbial Enzyme
8.2.3 Biofilm Carrier
8.3 Life-Cycle Assessment
8.3.1 Assessment of Bionanoadsorbents
8.3.1.1 Cradle-to-Grave: Examining the Life Cycle Stages
8.3.1.2 Environmental Impact Analysis: Key Considerations
8.3.1.3 Benefits and Trade-Offs: Weighing the Options
8.3.1.4 Future Considerations: Optimizing for Sustainability
8.3.2 Assessment of Enzymatic Applications in Pollutant Bioremediation
8.3.2.1 Cradle to Grave: Examining the Life Cycle Stages
8.3.2.2 Environmental Impact Analysis: Key Considerations
8.3.2.3 Benefits and Trade-Offs: Weighing the Options
8.3.2.4 Looking Ahead: Strategies for a Sustainable Future
8.3.3 Assessment of Biofilm Carrier Application in Industrial Waste Water Treatment
8.3.3.1 Cradle to Grave: Examining the Life Cycle Stages
8.3.3.2 Environmental Impact Analysis: Key Considerations
8.3.3.3 Benefits and Trade-Offs: Weighing the Options
8.3.3.4 Looking Ahead: Strategies for a Sustainable Future
8.4 Conclusion
References
9. Biorefinery Approach in Industrial Waste Management and Its Technoeconomic Viability
Preeti Mehta Kakkar, Ajay Kumar Chauhan and A.K. Chaurasia
9.1 Introduction
9.2 General Overview of Biorefinery Approach in Industrial Waste Management
9.2.1 Transportation Technologies in Biorefinery Approach for Industrial Waste Management
9.2.2 Production Process in Biorefinery Approach for Industrial Waste Management
9.2.2.1 Feedstock Preprocessing
9.2.2.2 Pre-Treatment and Conditioning
9.2.2.3 Biological Conversion
9.2.2.4 Gasification and Pyrolysis
9.2.2.5 Product Recovery and Refinement
9.2.2.6 Technoeconomic Considerations
9.3 Biofuel and Biochemical Production in Biorefinery Approach for Industrial Waste Management
9.4 Anaerobic Digestion in Biorefinery Approach for Industrial Waste Management
9.4.1 Technoeconomic Considerations for Anaerobic Digestion
9.5 Wastewater Treatment in Biorefinery Approach for Industrial Waste Management
9.6 Conclusion
9.7 Recommendations for Future Research in the Biorefinery Approach for Industrial Waste Management
References
10. Plastic Waste Management for a Sustainable Environment: Viable Approaches
Bhavana Gariya, Devanshu Dhir, Priyanka Savvasere, Ranjeet Kumar Mishra and D. Jaya Prasanna Kumar
10.1 Introduction
10.2 Types of Plastic Materials and Their Composition
10.2.1 Thermoplastics
10.2.2 Thermosets
10.3 Plastics Processing Approaches
10.3.1 Primary Methods
10.3.2 Secondary Methods
10.4 Adverse Effects of Plastic Wastes
10.4.1 Effect of Plastic Discharge on Land
10.4.2 Effects of Plastic Discharge on Water and Air Quality
10.4.3 Effects of Plastic Waste on Animal Life
10.4.4 Effects on Public Health
10.5 Viable Management Techniques for Plastic Waste Treatment
10.5.1 Recycling of Used Plastic
10.5.2 Incineration
10.5.3 Landfills
10.5.4 Pyrolysis of Waste Plastic
10.5.5 Bioremediation
10.6 Perceptions and Recommendations
10.7 Conclusions
Acknowledgments
References
Part 2: Biomedical Waste
11. Multi-Omics Technologies for Mitigation of Biomedical Waste
Rohit Dimri, Sukanya Chakraborty, Saurabh Kumar Jha and Pallavi Singh
11.1 Introduction
11.2 Classification of Biomedical Waste
11.3 Strategies for Treatment of Biomedical Waste
11.3.1 Advanced Biomedical Waste Treatment Methods
11.4 Pathogenic Microbes Present in Biomedical Waste
11.5 Role of Genomics and Proteomics in Treatment of Biomedical Waste
11.5.1 Genomic Insights
11.5.2 Proteomic Contributions
11.5.3 Integrative Approaches: Genomics-Proteomics Synergy and Predictive Modeling for Treatment Design
11.6 Metagenomics Tools for Mitigation of Biomedical Waste
11.7 Meta Transcriptomics Approaches for Sustainable Management of Biomedical Waste
11.8 Conclusion
References
12. Nature-Based Solution for the Treatment of Hospital and Biomedical Wastewater
Kruthika S. and Tripathy B.K.
12.1 Introduction
12.2 Hospital Wastewater Treatment (Conventional)
12.2.1 Physicochemical Treatment System
12.2.2 Advanced Oxidation Process
12.2.3 Biological Treatment System
12.2.4 Combined or Hybrid Treatment System
12.3 Hospital Wastewater Treatment Using Nature-Based Solution
12.3.1 Wetland
12.3.1.1 Overview of the Wetland Systems
12.3.1.2 Design Parameters
12.3.1.3 Removal of Emerging Contaminants from Wastewater
12.3.1.4 Hospital Wastewater Treatment
12.3.2 Fungal Treatment System
12.3.3 Algal Treatment System
12.3.4 Waste Stabilization Pond
12.3.5 Vermi-Filtration
12.3.6 Soil Infiltration System
12.4 Hospital Wastewater Treatment Using the Hybrid Nature-Based Solution
12.5 Conclusion and Recommendation
References
13. Eco-Friendly Medical Devices and Biomedical Waste Recycling, Resource Recovery, and Safe Disposal Systems for a Greener and Cleaner Environment
Onifade Olayinka Fisayo, Abdulmajid Musa Maku, Fatima Baba, Oluwafemi Adebayo Oyewole, Charles Oluwaseun Adetunji and Innocent Ojeba Musa
13.1 Introduction
13.2 Wearable or Attachable Devices
13.2.1 Contact Lens
13.2.2 Body Temperature Monitor
13.2.3 Body Patches
13.2.4 Head-Mounted Devices
13.2.5 Smart Clothes or E-Textiles
13.2.6 Other Wearable Medical Devices
13.3 Implantable Medical Devices
13.3.1 Deep Brain Stimulation Implant
13.3.2 Implantable Cardioverter Defibrillators (ICD)
13.3.3 3D and Biosensitive Inks Print Implants
13.3.4 Other Implantable Devices
13.3.4.1 Ingestible Sensors
13.3.4.2 Ingestible Sensor Pills
13.3.4.3 Temperature-Sensing Capsule
13.3.4.4 pH Monitoring and Pressure-Sensing Capsule
13.4 Materials for Wearable Medical Device
13.4.1 Ionic Liquids
13.4.2 Carbon Material
13.4.3 Gold Nanomaterials
13.4.4 Polymeric Material
13.4.4.1 Natural Polymeric Material
13.4.4.2 Synthetic Biodegradable Polymers
13.5 Biodegradable Substrates
13.5.1 Naturally Polymer Substrate
13.5.2 Artificial Polymer Base
13.6 Biodegradable Sensors
13.6.1 Physical Sensor
13.6.2 Chemical Sensors
13.7 Medical Waste
13.7.1 Medical Waste Generation
13.7.2 Medical Waste Segregation
13.7.3 Medical Waste Transportation
13.7.4 Medical Waste Treatment
13.7.5 Medical Waste Recycling
13.7.6 Medical Waste Disposal
13.7.7 Photocatalyst of Medical Waste
13.8 Conclusion
References
14. Enhancing Environmental Monitoring and AddressingbComplex Challenges in Biomedical Waste Management through AI/IoT Solutions
Santhosh B. and Deepa H. A.
14.1 Introduction
14.2 Biomedical Waste Management: Current Challenges and Concerns
14.2.1 Types and Categories of Biomedical Waste
14.2.2 Environmental and Health Impacts
14.2.3 Challenges in Traditional Waste Management
14.3 The Role of AI and IoT in Environmental Monitoring
14.3.1 Understanding Artificial Intelligence (AI)
14.3.2 The Internet of Things (IoT) and Its Relevance
14.3.3 Applications of AI/IoT in Environmental Monitoring
14.4 IoT Sensors and Data Collection for Biomedical Waste Management
14.4.1 Types of IoT Sensors for Waste Monitoring
14.4.2 Data Collection Process
14.4.3 Data Parameters and Metrics
14.5 Data Analytics and Predictive Modeling
14.5.1 Data Processing and Analysis
14.5.2 Machine Learning Algorithms
14.5.3 Predictive Modeling for Waste Management
14.6 Real-Time Monitoring and Alerts
14.6.1 Importance of Real-Time Monitoring
14.6.2 Alerts and Notifications
14.6.3 User Interface and Accessibility
14.7 Environmental Impact Assessment
14.7.1 Assessing Environmental Impact
Bibliography
15. Circular Bioeconomy for Biomedical Waste
Prateek Mishra, Mohit Nigam, Sandhya Sompura, Ju-Hyeong Jung, Neeraj Mishra and Lalit Kumar Singh
15.1 Introduction
15.2 Biomedical Waste and Its Types
15.2.1 Infectious Waste
15.2.2 Hazardous Waste
15.2.3 Pharmaceutical Waste
15.2.4 Sharps Waste
15.2.5 Radioactive Waste
15.2.6 Nonhazardous or General Biomedical Waste
15.2.7 Quantification of Biomedical Waste
15.3 Biomedical Waste Generation Before, During, and After Covid-19
15.4 Circular Bioeconomy Model
15.5 Valorization Techniques
15.5.1 Valorization Biomedical Waste through Thermochemical Treatment
15.5.2 Valorization of biomedical Waste through Biochemical Methods
15.5.3 Esterification
15.6 Life Cycle Assessment (LCA)
15.6.1 Goal Definition
15.6.2 Inventory Analysis
15.6.3 Impact Assessment
15.6.4 Interpretation
15.7 Environmental Benefits and Challenges
15.7.1 Environmental Benefits of Valorization and Circular Bioeconomy
15.7.2 Challenges and Trade-Offs Associated with Valorization Methods
15.8 Regulatory and Policy Considerations
15.9 Future Outlook
15.9.1 Thermochemical Processing for Energy Recovery from Waste
15.9.2 The Synergistic Relationship between Policy and Technology
15.10 Conclusion
References
16. Intelligent Applications in High-Priority Waste(s) Collection and Management in Hospitals/Smart Cities for Supporting Ecological Sustainability
Samuel Adeniyi Oyegbade, Gbotemi Jerry Oni, Emmanuel Ojochegbe Mameh, Ayomide Iyanuoluwa Olaniyan, Ahmed Wopa Wurie, Austine Atokolo and Queen Elizabeth Sule
16.1 Introduction
16.1.1 Intelligent Waste Collection Technologies
16.1.2 IoT-Enabled Waste Bins and Sensors
16.2 Functionality and Real-Time Monitoring Capabilities
16.2.1 Functionality in Hospitals
16.2.2 Functionality in Smart Municipalities
16.2.3 Live Tracking Functionalities
16.3 Optimizing Route for Waste Collection Vehicles
16.3.1 Use of Algorithms and Machine Learning
16.4 Advanced Waste Segregation and Recycling Technologies
16.4.1 AI-Driven Sorting and Robotic Systems
16.4.2 Application of Artificial Intelligence in Waste Management
16.5 Predictive Analytics in Waste Management
16.5.1 Forecasting Waste Generation and Optimizing Resources
16.5.2 Blockchain Technology for Waste Tracking and Transparency
16.6 Ensuring Compliance and Enhancing Accountability
16.7 Case Studies of Successful Implementations
16.8 Contribution of Intelligent Waste Management to Ecological Sustainability
16.8.1 Enhancing Public Health and Safety
16.8.2 Reducing Environmental Impact
16.8.3 Operational Efficiency and Innovation
16.8.4 Improving Recycling and Resource Recovery
16.8.5 Promoting Sustainable Development
16.8.6 Reduction of Carbon Footprint and Pollution
16.9 Challenges and Barriers to Adoption
16.9.1 Technological Challenges
16.9.2 Operational Challenges
16.9.3 Financial Barriers
16.9.4 Technical, Infrastructural, and Regulatory Hurdles
16.9.4.1 Technical Hurdles
16.9.4.2 Infrastructural Hurdles
16.9.4.3 Regulatory Hurdles
16.10 Conclusion
References
17. Biomedical Waste Clean-Up Using High-Throughput Approaches with Zero Discharge
Innocent Ojeba Musa, Job Oloruntoba, Akande Sikirulai Abolaji, Adedayo Olufemi Adesola, Adamu Mustapha, Miracle Uwa Livinus, Oluwafemi Adebayo Oyewole, Modupe C. Adetunji, Charles Oluwaseun Adetunji and Muhammed Lawal Attanda
17.1 Introduction
17.2 Biomedical Waste Composition and Environmental Impact
17.2.1 Infectious Waste
17.2.2 Hazardous Waste
17.2.3 Radioactive Waste
17.2.4 Sharps Waste
17.2.5 Pharmaceutical Waste
17.2.6 Pathological Waste
17.2.7 Nonhazardous or General Waste
17.3 Consequences of Inadequate Waste Management Practices
17.3.1 Public Health Risks
17.3.2 Environmental Contamination
17.3.3 Occupational Hazards
17.3.4 Community Impact
17.3.5 Legal and Regulatory Consequences
17.3.6 Long-Term Environmental Damage
17.3.7 Public Perception and Trust
17.4 High-Throughput Technologies in Biomedical Waste Cleanup
17.5 Exploring Mathematical Models that Simulate and Optimize High-Throughput Technologies, Including Robotics, Automation, and Artificial Intelligence
17.5.1 Mathematical Modeling of Robotic Systems
17.5.2 Optimizing Automation in Sorting Processes
17.5.3 Artificial Intelligence and Predictive Analytics
17.6 Achieving Zero Discharge
17.6.1 Environmental Preservation
17.6.2 Prevention of Soil and Water Contamination
17.6.3 Mitigation of Air Pollution
17.6.4 Public Health and Safety
17.6.5 Ethical and Responsible Waste Management
17.6.6 Regulatory Compliance
17.7 Innovative Technologies and Strategies for Minimizing Waste Generation
17.7.1 Advanced Packaging Technologies
17.7.2 Sustainable Product Design
17.7.3 Zero-Waste Manufacturing
17.7.4 Digital Transformation for Paperless Operations
17.7.5 Circular Economy Practices
17.7.6 Smart Waste Management Systems
17.7.7 Collaborative Industry Initiatives
17.8 Successful Models of Zero Discharge Systems from Different Parts of the World
17.8.1 Sweden’s Waste-to-Energy Model
17.8.2 San Francisco’s Zero Waste Program
17.8.3 Circular Economy Practices in the Netherlands
17.8.4 Singapore’s Integrated Waste Management System
17.8.5 Japan’s Advanced Waste Separation Techniques
17.8.6 Zero Emissions Goals in Norway
17.8.7 Germany’s Dual System for Packaging Recycling
17.8.8 South Korea’s Pay-As-You-Throw System
17.9 Mathematical Models to Represent the Concept of Zero Discharge in Biomedical Waste Management
17.9.1 System Dynamics Modeling
17.9.2 Optimization Models
17.9.3 Markov Chain Models
17.10 Environmental and Economic Benefits
17.10.1 Reduction in Environmental Pollution
17.10.2 Minimization of Hazardous Chemical Release
17.10.3 Lower Carbon Footprint
17.10.4 Efficient Resource Utilization
17.10.5 Prevention of Soil and Water Contamination
17.10.6 Promotion of a Circular Economy
17.10.7 Mitigation of Air Pollution
17.11 Future Directions and Conclusion
References
18. Biomedical Waste Management Technologies for Energy, Fuels, and Other Value-Added Materials Production and Environmental Sustainability
Alhassan Muhammad Alhassan, Konjerimam Ishaku Chimbekujwo, Oluwafemi Adebayo Oyewole, Modupe C. Adetunji, Charles Oluwaseun Adetunji and Muhammed Lawal Attanda
18.1 Introduction
18.2 Biomedical Waste Formation and Categorization
18.2.1 Biomedical Waste Formation
18.2.2 Biomedical Waste Classification
18.3 Biomedical Waste Treatment Technologies
18.3.1 Biomedical Waste Handling
18.3.2 Transport, Collection, and Separation of Biomedical Waste
18.3.3 Management and Recycling System for Biomedical Waste
18.3.4 Sanitary Landfill Technology
18.3.5 Thermal Incineration Technology at High Temperatures
18.3.6 Intense-Temperature Pyrolysis Methodology
18.3.7 Medium Range Temperature Microwave Technology
18.3.8 Steam Sterilization Technology Using Pressure
18.3.9 Chemical Disinfection Technology
18.3.10 Plasma Method in Biomedical Waste Management
18.3.11 Mild Pyrolysis Methodology
18.3.12 Acid and Enzymatic Hydrolysis Methodology
18.4 Biomedical Waste Treatment Technology, Energy, Fuel, and Materials Produced
18.5 Constraints on the Optimization Process, Economic Viability, and Suggestions for Future Study
18.5.1 Limitations of the Maximization Procedures and Economic Viability
18.5.2 Recommendations for Future Research
18.6 Conclusions
References
19. Advance Systems for Biomedical Waste Management in Hospitals to Support the Global Wellbeing
Himanshi Chaudhary and Shubha Dwivedi
19.1 Introduction
19.1.1 Evolution of Biomedical Waste Management
19.1.2 The Need for Advanced Systems
19.1.3 Overview of Advanced Systems
19.2 Automated Waste Segregation Systems
19.2.1 Precision Sorting and Identification
19.2.2 Efficiency and Streamlining of Processes
19.2.3 Enhanced Safety for Healthcare Workers
19.2.4 Real-Time Monitoring and Data Insights
19.2.5 Scalability and Adaptability
19.3 On-Site Treatment Technologies
19.3.1 Steam Sterilization Systems
19.3.2 Microwave Treatment Systems
19.3.3 Plasma Gasification Systems
19.4 Waste-to-Energy Conversion Systems
19.4.1 Incineration Systems: Transforming Biomedical Waste into Energy
19.4.2 Biomass Conversion Systems: Sustainable Solutions for Biomedical Waste Management
19.4.3 Waste-to-Energy Integration: Maximizing Efficiency and Sustainability in Biomedical Waste Management
19.5 Blockchain-Enabled Waste Tracking Systems
19.5.1 Principles of Blockchain Technology
19.5.2 Applications in Biomedical Waste Management
19.5.3 Implications for Biomedical Waste Management
19.6 Data Analytics and Predictive Modeling
19.6.1 Applications of Data Analytics
19.6.2 Predictive Modeling in Biomedical Waste Management
19.6.3 Benefits and Implications
19.7 Conclusion
References
20. Policies and Legislative Framework for Biomedical Waste Management
Konjerimam Ishaku Chimbekujwo, Okunlola Banke Mary, Alhassan Muhammad Alhassan, Oluwafemi Adebayo Oyewole and Charles Oluwaseun Adetunji
20.1 Introduction
20.2 Biomedical Waste Management Regulations
20.3 Classification of Biomedical Waste
20.4 Medical Waste Category
20.5 Biomedical Waste Control Policy
20.6 Sources of Biomedical Waste
20.7 Comprehensive Methods of Medical Waste
20.7.1 Creation of Healthcare Garbage
20.7.2 Separation and Storage of Medical Waste
20.7.3 Biomedical Waste Handling and Transportation
20.7.4 Biomedical Waste Treatment and Disposal
20.8 Practices and Processes of Medical Waste Management
20.9 Conclusions
References
Index
Back to Top
Preface
Part 1: Industrial Waste
1. Biotechnological Methods and Strategic Planning for Increasing Sustainability and Resilience for Industrial Waste Management
Shubha Dwivedi, Naveen Dwivedi, Sanjukta Vidyant and Ranjeet Kumar Mishra
1.1 Introduction
1.1.1 Overview of the Environmental Challenges Posed by Industrial Waste Without Headings
1.1.2 Statistics of Waste Generation Worldwide
1.1.3 The Role of Biotechnology in Addressing These Challenges
1.1.4 Biotechnology Treatment for Nonhazardous Industrial Waste
1.1.5 Importance of Strategic Planning in Waste Management
1.1.6 Impacts of Industrial Waste
1.2 Classification of Industrial Waste (Solid, Liquid, Hazardous)
1.3 Major Sources of Industrial Waste
1.4 Biotechnological Methods for Waste Management
1.4.1 Bioremediation
1.4.2 Composting
1.4.3 Anaerobic Digestion
1.4.4 Phytoremediation
1.4.5 Bioleaching
1.4.6 Enzymatic Treatment
1.4.7 Waste Valorization
1.5 Strategic Planning in Industrial Waste Management
1.6 LCA of Biotechnological Processes for Waste Management with Respect to Carbon Footprint
1.7 Future Directions and Innovations
1.8 Conclusion
References
2. Optobiotechnological Approaches for the Restoration of Environmental Issues
Abdulmajid Musa Maku, Onifade Olayinka Fisayo, Fatima Baba, Innocent Ojeba Musa, Oluwafemi Adebayo Oyewole, Modupe C. Adetunji, Charles Oluwaseun Adetunji and Muhammed Lawal Attanda
2.1 Introduction
2.2 Environmental Restoration
2.3 Optobiotechnological Approaches for the Restoration of Environmental Issues
2.4 Bioremediation Strategies
2.5 Plant-Based Approaches
2.6 Remote Sensing and Monitoring
2.7 Optical Biosensors
2.8 Advantages of Optobiotechnological Approaches
2.9 Disadvantages of Optobiotechnology
2.10 Conclusion
Recommendations
References
3. Eco-Friendly Bioenergy from Industrial Waste
Anirudh K.S., Ramyashree M.S., Seema K. and S. Shanmuga Priya
3.1 Introduction
3.2 Industrial Waste Management
3.2.1 Food Waste
3.2.2 Agricultural Waste
3.2.3 Cooking Oil Waste
3.2.4 Beverage Waste
3.2.5 Paper Waste
3.3 Bioenergy Systems—Its Constituents
3.3.1 Biological Methods
3.3.1.1 Anaerobic Digestion
3.3.1.2 Esterification
3.3.1.3 Ethanol Fermentation
3.3.1.4 Microbial Fuel Cells (MFC)
3.3.2 Physicochemical Method
3.3.2.1 Incineration
3.3.2.2 Pyrolysis
3.3.2.3 Gasification
3.3.2.4 Hydrothermal Carbonization
3.3.2.5 Landfill
3.4 Challenges and Future Outlook
3.5 Conclusion
References
4. Integrated Approaches in Industrial Waste(s) Management with Zero Discharge
Moksh Rajpal, Anoushka Singh and Naveen Dwivedi
4.1 Introduction to Zero Discharge
4.1.1 Defining Zero Discharge
4.1.2 The Need for Zero Discharge in Today’s World
4.1.3 Zero Discharge and Sustainability: A Crucial Connection
4.1.4 Principle of Zero Discharge in Waste Management
4.1.5 The Role of Biotechnology in Zero Discharge
4.1.6 Challenges and Limitations of Zero Discharge
4.1.7 The Imperative of Zero Discharge
4.2 Integrated Biobased Methods/Techniques in Zero Liquid Discharge
4.2.1 Phytoremediation Techniques
4.2.1.1 Working Mechanisms of Phytoremediation
4.2.1.2 Practical and Industrial Applications of Phytoremediation
4.2.1.3 Real-Life and Scientific Examples of Phytoremediation
4.2.2 Microbial Fuel Cells
4.2.2.1 Working of Microbial Fuel Cells
4.2.2.2 Practical Applications and Industry Applications of MFCs
4.2.3 Biogas Production and Utilization
4.2.3.1 Working of Biogas Systems in Zero Liquid Discharge
4.2.3.2 Practical and Industry Applications
4.2.3.3 Real-Life Applications
4.2.4 Biosolid Management
4.2.4.1 Working of Biosolid Management
4.2.4.2 Practical Applications of Biosolid Management
4.2.4.3 Real-Life Applications
4.2.5 Integrated Wetland Systems
4.2.5.1 Working of Integrated Wetland Systems
4.2.5.2 Practical Application and Industry Use
4.2.5.3 Real-Life Examples
4.3 Biotechnological Innovations in Waste Management
4.3.1 Enzyme-Based Waste Treatment
4.3.1.1 Enzymatic Degradation
4.3.1.2 Commercial Applications
4.3.1.3 Innovations in Enzyme Technology
4.3.1.4 Real-World Examples
4.3.1.5 Challenges and Future Prospect
4.3.2 Genetic Engineering and Synthetic Biology Approaches
4.3.2.1 Genetically Modified Organisms
4.3.2.2 Applications of GMOs in Waste Degradation
4.3.2.3 Synthetic Biology
4.3.2.4 Creation of Synthetic Organisms
4.3.2.5 Ethical and Safety Considerations
4.3.2.6 Regulatory Frameworks
4.3.2.7 Real-World Examples
4.3.3 Bioreactors and Bioaugmentation
4.3.3.1 Types of Bioreactors
4.3.3.2 Real-World Example
4.3.3.3 Bioaugmentation Techniques
4.3.3.4 Operational Challenges and Solutions
4.3.4 Advanced Bio-Based Materials for Waste Management
4.3.4.1 Biopolymers and Bioplastics
4.3.4.2 Production of Bioplastics
4.3.4.3 Environmental Benefits
4.3.4.4 Market Trends and Applications
4.3.4.5 Government Incentives and Regulations
4.3.4.6 Innovations in Bioplastic Technology
4.3.4.7 Bioplastic Waste Management
4.3.4.8 Biochar and Its Applications
4.3.4.9 Nanobiotechnology in Waste Management
4.4 Economic Analysis and Policy Framework
4.4.1 Financial Implications of Zero Discharge Implementation
4.4.2 Valuation of Biotechnological Methods in Waste Management
4.4.3 Policy Drivers and Regulatory Mechanisms
4.4.3.1 International Regulatory Mechanisms
4.4.3.2 Indian Regulatory Mechanisms
4.4.3.3 Economic Implications and Incentives
4.4.4 Economic Incentives for Sustainable Waste Management
4.4.4.1 Global Economic Incentives
4.4.4.2 Indian Economic Incentives
4.4.4.3 Effectiveness of Economic Incentives
4.4.5 Impact of Policy on Technological Adoption and Innovation
4.4.6 Case Analysis of Economic and Policy Successes and Failures
4.4.6.1 Successes in Economic Strategies and Policy Interventions
4.4.6.2 Failures in Economic Strategies and Policy Interventions
4.4.6.3 Comparative Analysis
4.4.7 Synthesis and Strategic Recommendations
4.4.7.1 Synthesis of Economic and Policy Analysis
4.4.7.2 Strategic Recommendations
4.5 Case Studies and Real-World Applications
4.5.1 Case Study 1: Bioremediation at the Exxon Valdez Oil Spill Site
4.5.2 Case Study 2: Enzymatic Degradation of Medical Waste in India
4.5.3 Case Study 3: Algal Bioreactors in Municipal Wastewater Treatment in California
4.5.4 Case Study 4: Bioconversion of Agricultural Residues in Brazil
4.5.5 Case Study 5: Microbial Treatment of Heavy Metals in China
4.5.6 Case Study 6: Zero Liquid Discharge in Textile Industry in India
4.6 Future Directions and Emerging Technologies
4.6.1 Next-Generation Zero Discharge Systems
4.6.2 Molecular Innovations in Waste Management
4.6.3 Bioenergy and Waste Valorization
4.6.4 Digitalization and Data-Driven Waste Management
4.6.5 Policy Evolution for Sustainable Waste Management
4.6.6 Commercialization and Market Dynamics
References
5. Innovative and Emerging Biomass-Based Waste-to-Energy Processes and Technologies
Anushree Pant, Saheli Sabnam, Harmanpreet Meehnian, Naveen Dwivedi and Asim Kumar Jana
5.1 Introduction
5.2 Need of WtE Process and Technologies
5.3 Waste to Energy Conversion Technologies
5.3.1 Physical Conversion
5.3.1.1 Briquetting
5.3.1.2 Extraction
5.3.1.3 Distillation
5.3.2 Thermal Conversion
5.3.2.1 Incineration
5.3.2.2 Gasification
5.3.2.3 Pyrolysis
5.3.2.4 Torrefaction
5.3.2.5 Combustion
5.3.2.6 Hydrothermal
5.3.3 Biological Pretreatment Methods
5.3.3.1 Aerobic Composting
5.3.3.2 Anaerobic Digestion
5.3.3.3 Fermentation
5.3.4 Biochemical Technologies
5.3.4.1 Hydrolysis
5.3.4.2 Transesterification
5.3.4.3 Supercritical Water Gasification
5.3.5 Hybrid Methods
5.3.6 Emerging Biomass to Energy Technologies
5.3.6.1 Microbial Fuel Cells
5.3.6.2 Photobiological Method
5.4 Sustainability, Environmental and Health Impacts
5.5 Conclusions
References
6. Biochar Technology in Industrial Wastewater Treatment
Shilpi Das and Himadri Sahu
6.1 Introduction
6.2 Industrial Wastewater
6.3 Biochar as an Adsorbent
6.4 Production of Biochar by Pyrolysis Process
6.5 Major Factors Affecting Biochar Production
6.6 Biochar as an Effectual Adsorbent for Industrial Wastewater Treatment
6.7 Regeneration of Biochar
6.8 Conclusion
References
7. Emerging Technologies for Resources Recovery from Industrial Waste/Wastewater and Bioeconomy Model from Linear to Circular
Rohit Sharma, Yashaswani Sharma, Himanshu Mishra and Shuchi Upadhyay
7.1 Introduction
7.2 A Circular Economy that Promotes Sustainable Development
7.2.1 Principles of Circular Economy
7.2.1.1 Design Out Waste and Pollution
7.2.1.2 Keep Products and Materials in Use
7.2.1.3 Regenerate Natural Systems
7.2.2 Benefits of Circular Economy to Sustainable Development
7.2.2.1 Economic Benefits
7.2.2.2 Environmental Benefits
7.2.2.3 Social Benefits
7.2.3 Emerging Technologies in Circular Economy
7.2.3.1 Resource Recovery from Industrial Waste and Wastewater
7.2.3.2 Digital Technologies
7.2.3.3 Additive Manufacturing
7.2.4 Conclusion
7.3 Global Resources and Growth in the Economy
7.3.1 Global Use of Resources
7.3.1.1 Current Patterns of Resource Consumption
7.3.1.2 Trends in Global Resource Demand
7.3.1.3 Resource Use and Impact of Industrialization
7.3.1.4 Resource-Directed Growth in Emerging Economies
7.3.1.5 Resource Dependence in Developing Countries
7.3.2 Sustainable Resource Management
7.3.2.1 Principles of Sustainable Use of Resources
7.3.2.2 Strategies for Resource Efficiency
7.3.2.3 Initiatives and Policies: Global Efforts for Resource Sustainability
7.3.3 From Linear to Circular Economy
7.3.3.1 Definition and Principles of Circular Economy
7.3.3.2 Benefits of Circular Economy Towards Resource Management
7.3.3.3 Case Studies on the Implementation of Circular Economy
7.3.4 Role of Emerging Technologies in Resource Recovery
7.3.4.1 Innovations in Industrial Waste Treatment
7.3.4.2 Technologies for Wastewater Treatment and Resource Recovery
7.3.4.3 Biotechnologies for Resource Recovery from Organic Waste
7.3.5 Resource Recovery Economic Impacts
7.3.5.1 Cost-Benefit Analysis of Resource Recovery Technologies
7.3.5.2 Economic Opportunities of the Circular Bioeconomy
7.3.5.3 Creation of Jobs and Growth of Industries Resulting from Resource Recovery
7.3.6 Policy and Regulatory Frameworks
7.3.6.1 National and International Policies of Resource Recovery
7.3.6.2 Regulatory Challenge/Opportunity of Resource Recovery
7.3.6.3 Incentives and Support Mechanisms for Emerging Technologies
7.3.7 Future Directions and Strategic Recommendations
7.3.7.1 Roadmap for Sustainable Resource Management
7.3.7.2 Cooperation Among Countries and Innovation
7.3.7.3 Policy Recommendations for Accelerating the Circular Economy Transition
7.4 Bioeconomy: An Emerging Era of Sustainable Economy
7.4.1 Essential Elements of Bioeconomy: Renewable Biological Resources
7.4.2 Linear-To-Circular Transition in Bioeconomy
7.4.3 Emerging Technologies in Bioeconomy
7.4.4 Case Studies and Applications
7.4.5 Policies and Economic Framework
7.5 Waste Biorefinery and Management
7.5.1 Algal Biorefinery
7.5.2 Waste Biorefinery
7.5.3 Valorization of Waste
7.5.4 Sustainable Assessment of Biorefineries from Waste
7.5.5 Life Cycle Assessment (LCA)
7.5.6 Technoeconomic Analysis (TEA) and Social–Economic Analysis (SEA)
7.5.7 Multicriteria Decision Analysis (MCDA)
7.5.8 Integration and Optimization of Different Processes
7.6 Recent Challenges and Future Perspectives
7.7 Conclusion
References
8. Bionanotechnology in Industrial Wastewater Treatment and Life Cycle Assessment
Himadri Sahu and Shilpi Das
8.1 Nanotechnology in Brief
8.1.1 Nanotechnology in Industrial Waste Water Treatment
8.1.2 Nanotechnology’s Impact in Industrial Wastewater Treatment
8.1.3 Bionanotechnology in Brief
8.2 Bionanotechnology: A Green Solution for Industrial Wastewater
8.2.1 Bionanoadsorbents
8.2.1.1 Factors Influencing Bionanoadsorbent Synthesis
8.2.2 Microbial Enzyme
8.2.3 Biofilm Carrier
8.3 Life-Cycle Assessment
8.3.1 Assessment of Bionanoadsorbents
8.3.1.1 Cradle-to-Grave: Examining the Life Cycle Stages
8.3.1.2 Environmental Impact Analysis: Key Considerations
8.3.1.3 Benefits and Trade-Offs: Weighing the Options
8.3.1.4 Future Considerations: Optimizing for Sustainability
8.3.2 Assessment of Enzymatic Applications in Pollutant Bioremediation
8.3.2.1 Cradle to Grave: Examining the Life Cycle Stages
8.3.2.2 Environmental Impact Analysis: Key Considerations
8.3.2.3 Benefits and Trade-Offs: Weighing the Options
8.3.2.4 Looking Ahead: Strategies for a Sustainable Future
8.3.3 Assessment of Biofilm Carrier Application in Industrial Waste Water Treatment
8.3.3.1 Cradle to Grave: Examining the Life Cycle Stages
8.3.3.2 Environmental Impact Analysis: Key Considerations
8.3.3.3 Benefits and Trade-Offs: Weighing the Options
8.3.3.4 Looking Ahead: Strategies for a Sustainable Future
8.4 Conclusion
References
9. Biorefinery Approach in Industrial Waste Management and Its Technoeconomic Viability
Preeti Mehta Kakkar, Ajay Kumar Chauhan and A.K. Chaurasia
9.1 Introduction
9.2 General Overview of Biorefinery Approach in Industrial Waste Management
9.2.1 Transportation Technologies in Biorefinery Approach for Industrial Waste Management
9.2.2 Production Process in Biorefinery Approach for Industrial Waste Management
9.2.2.1 Feedstock Preprocessing
9.2.2.2 Pre-Treatment and Conditioning
9.2.2.3 Biological Conversion
9.2.2.4 Gasification and Pyrolysis
9.2.2.5 Product Recovery and Refinement
9.2.2.6 Technoeconomic Considerations
9.3 Biofuel and Biochemical Production in Biorefinery Approach for Industrial Waste Management
9.4 Anaerobic Digestion in Biorefinery Approach for Industrial Waste Management
9.4.1 Technoeconomic Considerations for Anaerobic Digestion
9.5 Wastewater Treatment in Biorefinery Approach for Industrial Waste Management
9.6 Conclusion
9.7 Recommendations for Future Research in the Biorefinery Approach for Industrial Waste Management
References
10. Plastic Waste Management for a Sustainable Environment: Viable Approaches
Bhavana Gariya, Devanshu Dhir, Priyanka Savvasere, Ranjeet Kumar Mishra and D. Jaya Prasanna Kumar
10.1 Introduction
10.2 Types of Plastic Materials and Their Composition
10.2.1 Thermoplastics
10.2.2 Thermosets
10.3 Plastics Processing Approaches
10.3.1 Primary Methods
10.3.2 Secondary Methods
10.4 Adverse Effects of Plastic Wastes
10.4.1 Effect of Plastic Discharge on Land
10.4.2 Effects of Plastic Discharge on Water and Air Quality
10.4.3 Effects of Plastic Waste on Animal Life
10.4.4 Effects on Public Health
10.5 Viable Management Techniques for Plastic Waste Treatment
10.5.1 Recycling of Used Plastic
10.5.2 Incineration
10.5.3 Landfills
10.5.4 Pyrolysis of Waste Plastic
10.5.5 Bioremediation
10.6 Perceptions and Recommendations
10.7 Conclusions
Acknowledgments
References
Part 2: Biomedical Waste
11. Multi-Omics Technologies for Mitigation of Biomedical Waste
Rohit Dimri, Sukanya Chakraborty, Saurabh Kumar Jha and Pallavi Singh
11.1 Introduction
11.2 Classification of Biomedical Waste
11.3 Strategies for Treatment of Biomedical Waste
11.3.1 Advanced Biomedical Waste Treatment Methods
11.4 Pathogenic Microbes Present in Biomedical Waste
11.5 Role of Genomics and Proteomics in Treatment of Biomedical Waste
11.5.1 Genomic Insights
11.5.2 Proteomic Contributions
11.5.3 Integrative Approaches: Genomics-Proteomics Synergy and Predictive Modeling for Treatment Design
11.6 Metagenomics Tools for Mitigation of Biomedical Waste
11.7 Meta Transcriptomics Approaches for Sustainable Management of Biomedical Waste
11.8 Conclusion
References
12. Nature-Based Solution for the Treatment of Hospital and Biomedical Wastewater
Kruthika S. and Tripathy B.K.
12.1 Introduction
12.2 Hospital Wastewater Treatment (Conventional)
12.2.1 Physicochemical Treatment System
12.2.2 Advanced Oxidation Process
12.2.3 Biological Treatment System
12.2.4 Combined or Hybrid Treatment System
12.3 Hospital Wastewater Treatment Using Nature-Based Solution
12.3.1 Wetland
12.3.1.1 Overview of the Wetland Systems
12.3.1.2 Design Parameters
12.3.1.3 Removal of Emerging Contaminants from Wastewater
12.3.1.4 Hospital Wastewater Treatment
12.3.2 Fungal Treatment System
12.3.3 Algal Treatment System
12.3.4 Waste Stabilization Pond
12.3.5 Vermi-Filtration
12.3.6 Soil Infiltration System
12.4 Hospital Wastewater Treatment Using the Hybrid Nature-Based Solution
12.5 Conclusion and Recommendation
References
13. Eco-Friendly Medical Devices and Biomedical Waste Recycling, Resource Recovery, and Safe Disposal Systems for a Greener and Cleaner Environment
Onifade Olayinka Fisayo, Abdulmajid Musa Maku, Fatima Baba, Oluwafemi Adebayo Oyewole, Charles Oluwaseun Adetunji and Innocent Ojeba Musa
13.1 Introduction
13.2 Wearable or Attachable Devices
13.2.1 Contact Lens
13.2.2 Body Temperature Monitor
13.2.3 Body Patches
13.2.4 Head-Mounted Devices
13.2.5 Smart Clothes or E-Textiles
13.2.6 Other Wearable Medical Devices
13.3 Implantable Medical Devices
13.3.1 Deep Brain Stimulation Implant
13.3.2 Implantable Cardioverter Defibrillators (ICD)
13.3.3 3D and Biosensitive Inks Print Implants
13.3.4 Other Implantable Devices
13.3.4.1 Ingestible Sensors
13.3.4.2 Ingestible Sensor Pills
13.3.4.3 Temperature-Sensing Capsule
13.3.4.4 pH Monitoring and Pressure-Sensing Capsule
13.4 Materials for Wearable Medical Device
13.4.1 Ionic Liquids
13.4.2 Carbon Material
13.4.3 Gold Nanomaterials
13.4.4 Polymeric Material
13.4.4.1 Natural Polymeric Material
13.4.4.2 Synthetic Biodegradable Polymers
13.5 Biodegradable Substrates
13.5.1 Naturally Polymer Substrate
13.5.2 Artificial Polymer Base
13.6 Biodegradable Sensors
13.6.1 Physical Sensor
13.6.2 Chemical Sensors
13.7 Medical Waste
13.7.1 Medical Waste Generation
13.7.2 Medical Waste Segregation
13.7.3 Medical Waste Transportation
13.7.4 Medical Waste Treatment
13.7.5 Medical Waste Recycling
13.7.6 Medical Waste Disposal
13.7.7 Photocatalyst of Medical Waste
13.8 Conclusion
References
14. Enhancing Environmental Monitoring and AddressingbComplex Challenges in Biomedical Waste Management through AI/IoT Solutions
Santhosh B. and Deepa H. A.
14.1 Introduction
14.2 Biomedical Waste Management: Current Challenges and Concerns
14.2.1 Types and Categories of Biomedical Waste
14.2.2 Environmental and Health Impacts
14.2.3 Challenges in Traditional Waste Management
14.3 The Role of AI and IoT in Environmental Monitoring
14.3.1 Understanding Artificial Intelligence (AI)
14.3.2 The Internet of Things (IoT) and Its Relevance
14.3.3 Applications of AI/IoT in Environmental Monitoring
14.4 IoT Sensors and Data Collection for Biomedical Waste Management
14.4.1 Types of IoT Sensors for Waste Monitoring
14.4.2 Data Collection Process
14.4.3 Data Parameters and Metrics
14.5 Data Analytics and Predictive Modeling
14.5.1 Data Processing and Analysis
14.5.2 Machine Learning Algorithms
14.5.3 Predictive Modeling for Waste Management
14.6 Real-Time Monitoring and Alerts
14.6.1 Importance of Real-Time Monitoring
14.6.2 Alerts and Notifications
14.6.3 User Interface and Accessibility
14.7 Environmental Impact Assessment
14.7.1 Assessing Environmental Impact
Bibliography
15. Circular Bioeconomy for Biomedical Waste
Prateek Mishra, Mohit Nigam, Sandhya Sompura, Ju-Hyeong Jung, Neeraj Mishra and Lalit Kumar Singh
15.1 Introduction
15.2 Biomedical Waste and Its Types
15.2.1 Infectious Waste
15.2.2 Hazardous Waste
15.2.3 Pharmaceutical Waste
15.2.4 Sharps Waste
15.2.5 Radioactive Waste
15.2.6 Nonhazardous or General Biomedical Waste
15.2.7 Quantification of Biomedical Waste
15.3 Biomedical Waste Generation Before, During, and After Covid-19
15.4 Circular Bioeconomy Model
15.5 Valorization Techniques
15.5.1 Valorization Biomedical Waste through Thermochemical Treatment
15.5.2 Valorization of biomedical Waste through Biochemical Methods
15.5.3 Esterification
15.6 Life Cycle Assessment (LCA)
15.6.1 Goal Definition
15.6.2 Inventory Analysis
15.6.3 Impact Assessment
15.6.4 Interpretation
15.7 Environmental Benefits and Challenges
15.7.1 Environmental Benefits of Valorization and Circular Bioeconomy
15.7.2 Challenges and Trade-Offs Associated with Valorization Methods
15.8 Regulatory and Policy Considerations
15.9 Future Outlook
15.9.1 Thermochemical Processing for Energy Recovery from Waste
15.9.2 The Synergistic Relationship between Policy and Technology
15.10 Conclusion
References
16. Intelligent Applications in High-Priority Waste(s) Collection and Management in Hospitals/Smart Cities for Supporting Ecological Sustainability
Samuel Adeniyi Oyegbade, Gbotemi Jerry Oni, Emmanuel Ojochegbe Mameh, Ayomide Iyanuoluwa Olaniyan, Ahmed Wopa Wurie, Austine Atokolo and Queen Elizabeth Sule
16.1 Introduction
16.1.1 Intelligent Waste Collection Technologies
16.1.2 IoT-Enabled Waste Bins and Sensors
16.2 Functionality and Real-Time Monitoring Capabilities
16.2.1 Functionality in Hospitals
16.2.2 Functionality in Smart Municipalities
16.2.3 Live Tracking Functionalities
16.3 Optimizing Route for Waste Collection Vehicles
16.3.1 Use of Algorithms and Machine Learning
16.4 Advanced Waste Segregation and Recycling Technologies
16.4.1 AI-Driven Sorting and Robotic Systems
16.4.2 Application of Artificial Intelligence in Waste Management
16.5 Predictive Analytics in Waste Management
16.5.1 Forecasting Waste Generation and Optimizing Resources
16.5.2 Blockchain Technology for Waste Tracking and Transparency
16.6 Ensuring Compliance and Enhancing Accountability
16.7 Case Studies of Successful Implementations
16.8 Contribution of Intelligent Waste Management to Ecological Sustainability
16.8.1 Enhancing Public Health and Safety
16.8.2 Reducing Environmental Impact
16.8.3 Operational Efficiency and Innovation
16.8.4 Improving Recycling and Resource Recovery
16.8.5 Promoting Sustainable Development
16.8.6 Reduction of Carbon Footprint and Pollution
16.9 Challenges and Barriers to Adoption
16.9.1 Technological Challenges
16.9.2 Operational Challenges
16.9.3 Financial Barriers
16.9.4 Technical, Infrastructural, and Regulatory Hurdles
16.9.4.1 Technical Hurdles
16.9.4.2 Infrastructural Hurdles
16.9.4.3 Regulatory Hurdles
16.10 Conclusion
References
17. Biomedical Waste Clean-Up Using High-Throughput Approaches with Zero Discharge
Innocent Ojeba Musa, Job Oloruntoba, Akande Sikirulai Abolaji, Adedayo Olufemi Adesola, Adamu Mustapha, Miracle Uwa Livinus, Oluwafemi Adebayo Oyewole, Modupe C. Adetunji, Charles Oluwaseun Adetunji and Muhammed Lawal Attanda
17.1 Introduction
17.2 Biomedical Waste Composition and Environmental Impact
17.2.1 Infectious Waste
17.2.2 Hazardous Waste
17.2.3 Radioactive Waste
17.2.4 Sharps Waste
17.2.5 Pharmaceutical Waste
17.2.6 Pathological Waste
17.2.7 Nonhazardous or General Waste
17.3 Consequences of Inadequate Waste Management Practices
17.3.1 Public Health Risks
17.3.2 Environmental Contamination
17.3.3 Occupational Hazards
17.3.4 Community Impact
17.3.5 Legal and Regulatory Consequences
17.3.6 Long-Term Environmental Damage
17.3.7 Public Perception and Trust
17.4 High-Throughput Technologies in Biomedical Waste Cleanup
17.5 Exploring Mathematical Models that Simulate and Optimize High-Throughput Technologies, Including Robotics, Automation, and Artificial Intelligence
17.5.1 Mathematical Modeling of Robotic Systems
17.5.2 Optimizing Automation in Sorting Processes
17.5.3 Artificial Intelligence and Predictive Analytics
17.6 Achieving Zero Discharge
17.6.1 Environmental Preservation
17.6.2 Prevention of Soil and Water Contamination
17.6.3 Mitigation of Air Pollution
17.6.4 Public Health and Safety
17.6.5 Ethical and Responsible Waste Management
17.6.6 Regulatory Compliance
17.7 Innovative Technologies and Strategies for Minimizing Waste Generation
17.7.1 Advanced Packaging Technologies
17.7.2 Sustainable Product Design
17.7.3 Zero-Waste Manufacturing
17.7.4 Digital Transformation for Paperless Operations
17.7.5 Circular Economy Practices
17.7.6 Smart Waste Management Systems
17.7.7 Collaborative Industry Initiatives
17.8 Successful Models of Zero Discharge Systems from Different Parts of the World
17.8.1 Sweden’s Waste-to-Energy Model
17.8.2 San Francisco’s Zero Waste Program
17.8.3 Circular Economy Practices in the Netherlands
17.8.4 Singapore’s Integrated Waste Management System
17.8.5 Japan’s Advanced Waste Separation Techniques
17.8.6 Zero Emissions Goals in Norway
17.8.7 Germany’s Dual System for Packaging Recycling
17.8.8 South Korea’s Pay-As-You-Throw System
17.9 Mathematical Models to Represent the Concept of Zero Discharge in Biomedical Waste Management
17.9.1 System Dynamics Modeling
17.9.2 Optimization Models
17.9.3 Markov Chain Models
17.10 Environmental and Economic Benefits
17.10.1 Reduction in Environmental Pollution
17.10.2 Minimization of Hazardous Chemical Release
17.10.3 Lower Carbon Footprint
17.10.4 Efficient Resource Utilization
17.10.5 Prevention of Soil and Water Contamination
17.10.6 Promotion of a Circular Economy
17.10.7 Mitigation of Air Pollution
17.11 Future Directions and Conclusion
References
18. Biomedical Waste Management Technologies for Energy, Fuels, and Other Value-Added Materials Production and Environmental Sustainability
Alhassan Muhammad Alhassan, Konjerimam Ishaku Chimbekujwo, Oluwafemi Adebayo Oyewole, Modupe C. Adetunji, Charles Oluwaseun Adetunji and Muhammed Lawal Attanda
18.1 Introduction
18.2 Biomedical Waste Formation and Categorization
18.2.1 Biomedical Waste Formation
18.2.2 Biomedical Waste Classification
18.3 Biomedical Waste Treatment Technologies
18.3.1 Biomedical Waste Handling
18.3.2 Transport, Collection, and Separation of Biomedical Waste
18.3.3 Management and Recycling System for Biomedical Waste
18.3.4 Sanitary Landfill Technology
18.3.5 Thermal Incineration Technology at High Temperatures
18.3.6 Intense-Temperature Pyrolysis Methodology
18.3.7 Medium Range Temperature Microwave Technology
18.3.8 Steam Sterilization Technology Using Pressure
18.3.9 Chemical Disinfection Technology
18.3.10 Plasma Method in Biomedical Waste Management
18.3.11 Mild Pyrolysis Methodology
18.3.12 Acid and Enzymatic Hydrolysis Methodology
18.4 Biomedical Waste Treatment Technology, Energy, Fuel, and Materials Produced
18.5 Constraints on the Optimization Process, Economic Viability, and Suggestions for Future Study
18.5.1 Limitations of the Maximization Procedures and Economic Viability
18.5.2 Recommendations for Future Research
18.6 Conclusions
References
19. Advance Systems for Biomedical Waste Management in Hospitals to Support the Global Wellbeing
Himanshi Chaudhary and Shubha Dwivedi
19.1 Introduction
19.1.1 Evolution of Biomedical Waste Management
19.1.2 The Need for Advanced Systems
19.1.3 Overview of Advanced Systems
19.2 Automated Waste Segregation Systems
19.2.1 Precision Sorting and Identification
19.2.2 Efficiency and Streamlining of Processes
19.2.3 Enhanced Safety for Healthcare Workers
19.2.4 Real-Time Monitoring and Data Insights
19.2.5 Scalability and Adaptability
19.3 On-Site Treatment Technologies
19.3.1 Steam Sterilization Systems
19.3.2 Microwave Treatment Systems
19.3.3 Plasma Gasification Systems
19.4 Waste-to-Energy Conversion Systems
19.4.1 Incineration Systems: Transforming Biomedical Waste into Energy
19.4.2 Biomass Conversion Systems: Sustainable Solutions for Biomedical Waste Management
19.4.3 Waste-to-Energy Integration: Maximizing Efficiency and Sustainability in Biomedical Waste Management
19.5 Blockchain-Enabled Waste Tracking Systems
19.5.1 Principles of Blockchain Technology
19.5.2 Applications in Biomedical Waste Management
19.5.3 Implications for Biomedical Waste Management
19.6 Data Analytics and Predictive Modeling
19.6.1 Applications of Data Analytics
19.6.2 Predictive Modeling in Biomedical Waste Management
19.6.3 Benefits and Implications
19.7 Conclusion
References
20. Policies and Legislative Framework for Biomedical Waste Management
Konjerimam Ishaku Chimbekujwo, Okunlola Banke Mary, Alhassan Muhammad Alhassan, Oluwafemi Adebayo Oyewole and Charles Oluwaseun Adetunji
20.1 Introduction
20.2 Biomedical Waste Management Regulations
20.3 Classification of Biomedical Waste
20.4 Medical Waste Category
20.5 Biomedical Waste Control Policy
20.6 Sources of Biomedical Waste
20.7 Comprehensive Methods of Medical Waste
20.7.1 Creation of Healthcare Garbage
20.7.2 Separation and Storage of Medical Waste
20.7.3 Biomedical Waste Handling and Transportation
20.7.4 Biomedical Waste Treatment and Disposal
20.8 Practices and Processes of Medical Waste Management
20.9 Conclusions
References
Index
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