This book provides a comprehensive understanding of the transformative potential of stem cell therapies for improving skin health and treating debilitating dermatological disorders.
Table of ContentsPreface
1. Fundamentals of Stem Cell Therapy in Disease PreventionRajarshi Nath, Arijit Das, Shambo Panda, Souvik Biswas and Biplab Debnath
1.1 Introduction to Stem Cell Therapy
1.1.1 Definition and Types of Stem Cells
1.1.2 Historical Background
1.2 Mechanisms of Stem Cell Therapy
1.2.1 Differentiation and Pluripotency
1.2.2 Immunomodulation
1.3 Applications of Stem Cell Therapy in Disease Prevention
1.3.1 Neurological Disorders
1.3.2 Cardiovascular Diseases
1.3.3 Autoimmune Diseases
1.4 Challenges and Limitations of Stem Cell Therapy
1.4.1 Tumor Formation
1.4.2 Immunological Rejection
1.5 Future Perspectives and Innovations
1.5.1 Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells
1.5.2 Gene-Editing Technologies
References
2. Stem Cell Therapy on Skin: Mechanisms and Recent AdvancesKoushik Jana, Md. Kabirul Islam Mollah, Gouranga Dutta, Goutam Ghosh and Goutam Rath
2.1 Background and Historical Overview of Stem Cell Therapy
2.2 Skin Diseases and Stem Cell Treatment
2.3 Types of Stem Cells and Their Mechanism in Skin Diseases
2.4 Recent Advancements in Skin Disease Stem Cell Therapy
2.5 Challenges and Regulatory Aspects
2.6 Conclusion and Future Outlooks
References
3. Stem Cell Therapy: Significant Option for Psoriasis ManagementJoy Das, Utpal Bhui, Saistha Anjum, Sumel Ashique, Mohammad Muztaba and Sanjay Dey
3.1 Introduction
3.1.1 Psoriasis
3.1.2 Stem Cell Therapy
3.2 Advantages of Stem Cell Therapy for Psoriasis
3.3 Types of Stem Cell Therapy in Psoriasis
3.3.1 Regulatory T Cells
3.3.2 Mesenchymal Stem Cells
3.3.3 Hematopoietic Stem Cells
3.4 Therapeutic Value of Stem Cell
3.5 Challenges in Cost, Availability, and Clinical Application
3.6 Regulatory Aspects of Stem Cell Therapy
3.7 Conclusion and Future Directions
References
4. Therapeutic Modalities of Stem Cells: Skin Cancer TreatmentDipanjan Karati, Soumi Das and Swarupananda Mukherjee
4.1 Introduction
4.2 Stem Cells in Skin Cancer: A Brief Overview
4.2.1 Classification and Characteristics of Stem Cells
4.2.2 Tumorigenic Potential of CSCs in Skin Cancer
4.3 Therapeutic Modalities of Stem Cells in Skin Cancer Treatment
4.3.1 Cell Replacement Therapy
4.3.2 Immunomodulation
4.3.3 Differentiation Therapy
4.3.4 Gene Therapy
4.3.5 Tumor-Targeted Therapy
4.4 Emerging Trends and Advanced Technologies in Stem Cell Therapy for Skin Cancer
4.4.1 Gene-Edited Stem Cells for Precision Therapy
4.4.2 Organoids and 3D Culture Models in Skin Cancer Research
4.4.3 Artificial Intelligence and Stem Cell Therapy Optimization
4.5 Challenges and Limitations of Stem Cell–Based Therapies
4.6 Preclinical and Clinical Studies: Insights and Outcomes
4.7 Future Directions and Perspectives
4.8 Conclusion
References
5. Therapeutic Advancement of Stem Cell Therapy in Atopic DermatitisKishanta Kumar Pradhan, Rojalin Samanta, Reechik Bandyopadhyay, Arnab Seth
and Chowdhury Mobaswar Hossain
5.1 Background of Atopic Dermatitis
5.2 Stem Cell Biology and Mechanisms
5.3 Types and Pathophysiology of AD
5.4 Different Stem Cell Application on AD
5.5 Challenges and Ethical Considerations
5.6 Recent Advancement of Stem Cell Therapy on AD
5.7 Clinical Research Updates
Conclusion
References
6. Stem Cell Therapy: A Significant Therapeutic Approach in Wound HealingRicha Dayaramani, Soma Jana, Bratati Bandyopadhyay, Amlan Bishal and Subhashis Debnath
6.1 Introduction
6.2 Physiology of Wound-Healing Process
6.3 Biology of Stem Cells and their Role in Wound Healing
6.4 Stem Cell Therapy for Wound Healing and Histopathological Studies
6.5 Stem Cell Delivery Mechanisms for Wound Healing
6.6 Clinical Uses of Stem Cell Therapy in Wound Healing
6.7 Recent Developments and Technologies in Stem Cell Research for Wound Healing
6.8 Challenges in Stem Cell Treatment
6.9 Potential Future Applications of Stem Cell–Derived Products in the Use of Stem Cells for Wound Healing
6.10 Conclusion
References
7. Stem Cell Therapy: Skin Aging BlockingDipanjana Ash, Sohini Sen, Sneha Shaw, Ayon Dutta, Leena Kumari and Swarupananda Mukherjee
7.1 Introduction
7.2 Stem Cell: An Overview
7.2.1 Different Sources for SCs
7.2.1.1 Bone Marrow
7.2.1.2 Adipose Tissue
7.2.1.3 Umbilical Cord
7.2.1.4 Amniotic Cells
7.2.1.5 Placental Tissue
7.3 Mechanisms of SC Action in Skin Regeneration
7.3.1 Epidermal SC Action in Skin Regeneration
7.3.2 Mesenchymal SC Action in Skin Regeneration
7.4 Preclinical Applications of SC in Skin Aging
7.5 Clinical Applications of SC in Skin Aging
7.6 Challenges and Considerations
7.6.1 Ethical and Regulatory Issues in SC Therapy
7.6.2 Safety Concerns
7.6.3 Cost and Accessibility of SC Treatment
7.7 Future Directions and Innovations
7.8 Conclusion
Abbreviations
References
8. Future Window of Stem Cells in Skin Regeneration and Rejuvenation: Current Status and Future AspectVivek Barik, Bramhajit Chatterjee, Snigdha Chatterjee, Swarupananda Mukherjee and Piyali Khamkat
8.1 Introduction
8.1.1 Concept of Skin Regeneration and Rejuvenation
8.1.2 Significance of SCs in Dermatology
8.2 Types of SCs Used in Skin Regeneration and Rejuvenation
8.2.1 Mesenchymal SCs
8.2.2 Induced Pluripotent SCs
8.2.3 Embryonic SCs
8.2.4 Epidermal SCs
8.2.5 Adipose-Derived SCs
8.2.6 Hair Follicle Epithelial SCs
8.3 Emerging Technologies and Innovations
8.3.1 Three-Dimensional Bioprinting for Skin Engineering
8.3.2 CRISPR and Gene Editing Technologies in Skin Regeneration
8.3.3 Organ-on-a-Chip Models for Testing Skin Regeneration
8.3.4 Nanotechnology in SC Therapy for Skin
8.4 Challenges in SC-Based Therapies
8.4.1 Immunogenicity and Rejection
8.4.2 Safety Risks
8.4.3 Issues Related to Current Techniques and Technologies
8.4.4 Contamination Issues
8.4.5 Difficulties in Developing Countries
8.5 Future Directions of SCs in Skin Regeneration and Rejuvenation
8.5.1 Importance of AI
8.5.2 Personalized Medicine
8.5.3 Genome Editing
8.6 Current Clinical Trials Updates
8.7 Regulatory Challenges for SC-Based Therapies
8.8 Conclusion
References
9. Stem Cell Therapy in Dermatology: Challenges and OpportunitiesGarima Chandak, Sumel Ashique, Shubham Kumar, Narendra Kumar Pandey, Dileep Singh Baghel, Bimlesh Kumar, Saurabh Singh and Omji Porwal
9.1 Introduction
9.1.1 Overview of Stem Cell Therapy
9.1.1.1 Self-Renewal
9.1.1.2 Differentiation
9.1.1.3 Plasticity
9.1.2 Previous Perspective on Dermatological Applications
9.1.3 Scope and Significance in Dermatology
9.1.3.1 Management of Autoimmune Skin Disorders
9.1.3.2 Treatment of Chronic Ulcers and Wounds
9.1.3.3 Burns, Scar Reduction, and Rejuvenation
9.1.3.4 Hair Regeneration
9.1.3.5 Treatment of Pigmentation Disorders
9.1.3.6 Development of Bioengineered Skin Substitutes
9.2 Types of Stem Cells in Dermatology
9.2.1 Embryonic Stem Cells
9.2.2 Mesenchymal Stem Cells
9.2.3 Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells
9.2.4 Hematopoietic Stem Cells
9.2.5 Skin-Derived Precursors
9.3 Mechanisms of Action
9.3.1 Stem Cell Differentiation in Skin Repair
9.3.2 Paracrine Effects and Growth Factor Secretion
9.3.3 Immunomodulation and Anti-Inflammatory Roles
9.3.3.1 Anti-Inflammatory Mechanisms
9.3.4 Enhancing Wound Healing
9.4 Current Applications of Stem Cell Therapy in Dermatology
9.4.1 Chronic Wounds
9.4.2 Ulcers
9.4.3 Psoriasis
9.4.4 Vitiligo
9.4.5 Scleroderma
9.4.6 Pemphigus Vulgaris
9.4.7 Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
9.4.8 Stem Cell–Based Approaches for Skin Aging
9.4.9 Applications in Hair Regeneration
9.4.10 Burn and Scar Treatment
9.5 Advances in Stem Cell Delivery Systems
9.5.1 Three-Dimensional Bioprinting and Skin Substitutes
9.5.2 Scaffold-Based Delivery
9.5.3 Injectable Stem Cell Therapies
9.5.4 Nanotechnology in Stem Cell Delivery
9.6 Challenges in Stem Cell Therapy for Dermatology
9.6.1 Regulatory and Ethical Concerns
9.6.2 Risk of Tumorigenesis
9.6.3 Immune Rejection and Compatibility Issues
9.6.4 Limitations in Stem Cell Sourcing and Culturing
9.6.5 Cost and Accessibility
9.7 Opportunities and Emerging Trends
9.7.1 Advances in Gene Editing (CRISPR and Beyond)
9.7.1.1 Gene Editing in Dermatology
9.7.2 Personalized Medicine Approaches
9.7.2.1 Personalized Medicine in Dermatology
9.7.3 Integration with Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning
9.7.3.1 Applications of AI and ML in Dermatology
9.7.4 Novel Biomaterials for Skin Tissue Engineering in Stem Cell Therapy
9.8 Preclinical and Clinical Studies
9.8.1 Preclinical Findings
9.8.2 Status of Ongoing Clinical Trials
9.8.3 Case Studies and Success Stories
9.9 Regulatory and Ethical Considerations
9.10 Future Directions
9.11 Conclusion
References
10. Clinical Significance and Regulatory Aspects of Stem Cell TherapyDebasmita Paul, Karan Kr. Das, Abhijit Ghosh, Soukat Chandra and Shaileyee Das
10.1 Introduction
10.1.1 Clinical Applications and Challenges
10.1.2 The Role of Regulatory Frameworks
10.1.3 Objectives and Scope of this Chapter
10.2 Definition and Types of Stem Cells
10.2.1 Embryonic Stem Cells
10.2.2 Adult Stem Cells
10.2.3 Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells
10.2.4 Perinatal Stem Cells
10.2.5 Cancer Stem Cells
10.3 Mechanisms of Action of Stem Cell Therapy
10.3.1 Regenerative Potential
10.3.2 Immune Modulation
10.3.3 Homing and Differentiation Abilities
10.3.4 Emerging Therapies and Innovations
10.3.5 Challenges in Stem Cell Therapy
10.3.6 Regulatory Aspects of Stem Cell Therapy
10.3.7 Quality Control and Safety Requirements
10.3.8 Role of Regulatory Bodies in Innovation
10.4 Future Perspectives
10.4.1 CRISPR-Cas9 and Genetic Engineering
10.4.2 Synthetic Biology and 3D Bioprinting
10.4.3 Balancing Innovation with Safety
10.4.4 Bridging Gaps in Regulatory Frameworks
10.4.5 Role in Aging Populations
10.4.6 Integration into Healthcare Systems
10.5 Conclusions and Future Directions
References
11. Translational Research for Dermatological Stem Cell TherapyMishra Bharti, Khan Anam, Gothalwal Ragini, Jaiswal Prashansa and Kotnis Ashwin
11.1 Introduction
11.1.1 Types of Stem Cells Used in Dermatology
11.1.1.1 Epidermal Stem Cells (ESCs)
11.1.1.2 Mesenchymal Stem Cells (MSCs)
11.1.1.3 Hair Follicle Stem Cells (HFSCs)
11.1.2 Methods of Stem Cell Isolation and Cultivation
11.2 Mechanism of Stem Cell Action in Skin Regeneration and Healing
11.3 Current Applications of Stem Cell Therapy in Dermatology
11.3.1 Role of Stem Cells in Wound Healing
11.3.2 Use of Stem Cells in Cosmetic Dermatology
11.4 Safety and Challenges in Translating Stem Cell Research to Clinical Practice
11.5 Conclusion and Prospects for the Future
References
12. In Vitro and In Vivo Model of Stem Cell Therapy in Dermatological DiseasesSneha Das, Pradip Jana, Mohini Mondal, Mainak Chatterjee and Moitreyee Chattopadhyay
12.1 Introduction
12.1.1 Dermatology
12.1.2 Conventional Approaches
12.1.3 Stem Cell Biology and Technology
12.2 Current and Future Perspectives of SC Therapy in Dermatology by In Vitro and In Vivo Models
12.2.1 Current Use of SCs in Dermatology
12.2.1.1 Skin Regeneration and Wound Healing
12.2.1.2 Treatment of Skin Cancers
12.2.1.3 Disease Modeling
12.2.2 Future Perspectives of SC Therapy in Dermatology
12.2.2.1 Personalized Medicine
12.2.2.2 Antiaging and Hair Restoration
12.2.2.3 3D Skin Models and Bioprinting
12.2.3 Challenges and Considerations
12.3 In Vitro Models for SC Therapy in Dermatological Diseases
12.3.1 Traditional Skin Models
12.3.2 MSC Models
12.3.3 iPSC Models
12.4 Various Animal Model for In Vivo in Dermatological Diseases
12.4.1 Mice Models
12.4.2 Rat Models
12.4.3 Other (Pig) Models
12.5 Analytical and Numerical Solutions to the Various Models
12.5.1 Parameter Estimation and Interpretability
12.5.2 Stability of Various Models
12.5.3 Application of Various Models for the Treatment of Dermatological Diseases
12.6 Conclusions and Future Directions
References
13. Preclinical and Clinical Trials and Case Studies Involved in Stem Cell Therapy in Dermatological DiseasesRony Mandal, Somali Gorai and Sajal Kumar Jha
13.1 Introduction
13.1.1 Skin Flap Necrosis
13.1.2 Atopic Dermatitis
13.2 Forms of Stem Cell Therapy
13.2.1 Allogeneic Stem Cells
13.2.2 Mesenchymal Stem Cells
13.2.3 Embryonic Stem Cells
13.2.4 Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells
13.3 Role of Autoimmune System in Dermatological Skin Problem
13.3.1 The Predictive Function of Autoantibodies in Dermatological Conditions
13.3.2 Mechanism of ASD
13.4 Therapeutic Value of Stem Cell in Different Allergic Skin Disease
13.4.1 Psoriasis
13.4.2 Systemic Sclerosis
13.4.3 Dermatomyositis
13.4.4 Atopic Dermatitis
13.5 Role of Cutaneous Stem Cells in Regeneration of Different Tissues
13.5.1 Clonal Conversion of Epidermal Cells
13.5.2 Epidermal Stem Cells Involved in Tissue Repair Postinjury
13.5.3 MicroRNAs as Regulators of Epidermal Stem Cell Maintenance and Wound Healing
13.6 Advantages of Stem Cell Therapy for Different Dermatological Diseases
13.6.1 Cutaneous Wound Healing
13.6.2 Vitiligo
13.6.3 Alopecia
13.6.4 Melanoma
13.6.5 Antiaging Therapies
13.7 Different In Vivo and In Vitro Models for Preclinical SCT
13.7.1 Genetically Modified Mouse Models
13.7.1.1 Flaky Tail Mice
13.7.1.2 C1 Apolipoprotein Transgenic Mice
13.7.1.3 NC/Tnd Mice
13.7.1.4 Transgenic IL-4 Mice
13.7.1.5 Knockout RelB Mice
13.7.1.6 SC Chymotryptic Enzyme Transgenic Mice
13.7.1.7 IL-31 Transgenic Mice
13.7.1.8 NOA Mice
13.7.1.9 Transgenic TSLP Mice
13.7.1.10 Caspase 1 and IL-18 Transgenic Mice
13.7.1.11 Cathepsin E Knockout Mice
13.8 Preclinical Test Method for Different Skin Disease
13.8.1 Stem Cell Source Determination
13.8.2 Cell Dose Specification
13.8.3 Optimizing Cell Transplantation through Strategic Modifications to Enhance Safety and Delivery Efficiency
13.9 FDA-Approved Clinical Phase Trial Drugs for Dermatological Disease
13.10 Conclusions and Future Directions
References
Bibliography
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