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Hydrogen Energy Systems

Advancing Sustainable Power Solutions
Edited by Krishan Arora, Himanshu Sharma, Suman Lata Tripathi, and Sandesh S. Chougule
Copyright: 2026   |   Expected Pub Date: 2026
ISBN: 9781394358373  |  Hardcover  |  
388 pages
Price: $225 USD
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One Line Description
Drive the global shift toward sustainability with this comprehensive guide that explores the latest advancements in renewable energy technologies, smart grids, and energy storage and providing the expert policy and economic insights needed to navigate the green energy transition.

Audience
Students, educators, Business leaders, investors, and venture capitalists focused on green technology and energy projects, and environmental and sustainability consultants, including senior consultants and analysts, advising companies on adopting hydrogen technologies and reducing carbon emissions.

Description
As the world faces the pressing challenges of climate change, resource depletion, and environmental degradation, green energy offers a path toward reducing carbon emissions and fostering economic resilience. This book outlines the latest technological advancements and considers the broader economic, social, and political factors influencing the green energy transition. Through case studies, real-world examples, and expert insights, readers will gain a comprehensive understanding of the role of renewable energy in shaping a sustainable future. The book centers around the transformative potential of green energy, exploring the technologies, innovations, and policies driving the global shift toward sustainable power generation. Covering a wide spectrum of renewable energy sources, such as solar, wind, hydro, geothermal, and biomass, the book examines how these alternatives are reshaping the energy landscape. By discussing advancements in energy storage, smart grids, and energy efficiency, the book delves into the solutions that address the growing global demand for cleaner, more sustainable energy.

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Author / Editor Details
Krishan Arora, PhD is a Professor and the Head of the Department of Power Systems in the School of Electronics and Electrical Engineering at Lovely Professional University with more than seventeen years of experience in academics and research. He has published five books, more than 85 research papers in refereed journals and conferences, six Indian patents, and one copyright. His areas of expertise include electrical machines, non-conventional energy sources, load frequency control, automatic generation control, and modernization of smart grids.

Himanshu Sharma, PhD is an Assistant Professor at Lovely Professional University with more than four years of experience in academics. He has published more than 10 research papers in international journals and conferences and organized several workshops, summer internships, and expert lectures for students. His areas of expertise include power electronics, optimization techniques, load frequency control, automatic generation control, and modernization of smart grids.

Suman Lata Tripathi, PhD is a Professor at Lovely Professional University with more than 22 years of experience in academics and research. She has published more than 30 books and 145 research papers in refereed science journals, conference proceedings, as well as 20 Indian patents and four copyrights. Her area of expertise includes microelectronics device modeling and characterization, low-power VLSI circuit design, and advanced FET design for IoT and embedded system design.

Sandesh S. Chougule, PhD is post doc researcher in the Clean Energy Processes Laboratory in the Department of Chemical Engineering at Imperial College London. He has authored 57 research papers in international conference proceedings and journals. His research focuses on heat pipes, nanofluids, renewable energy, and refrigeration.

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Table of Contents
List of Contributors
Preface
1. A Comprehensive Analysis of Hydrogen Production Methods and Their Environmental Footprints on Earth
Brijlal Mallik, Manish Kumar, Yawei Lu, Pravin Kumar and Dev Kumar Mondal
1.1 Introduction
1.1.1 Overview of Hydrogen Energy
1.1.2 Importance of Hydrogen Production Methods
1.2 Hydrogen Production Methods
1.2.1 Steam Methane Reforming
1.2.2 Partial Oxidation
1.2.3 Auto–Thermal Reforming
1.2.4 Coal Gasification
1.2.5 Electrolysis
1.2.5.1 Alkaline Electrolysis
1.2.5.2 PEM Electrolysis
1.2.5.3 Solid Oxide Electrolysis
1.2.6 Biomass Gasification
1.2.7 Photobiological Water Splitting
1.2.8 Photoelectrochemical Water Splitting
1.3 Environmental Footprints of Hydrogen Production Methods
1.3.1 GHG Emissions
1.3.1.1 Biomass Gasification
1.4 Comparative Analysis of Hydrogen Production Methods
1.5 Advances and Innovations in Hydrogen Production
1.6 Policy and Regulatory Frameworks
1.7 Summary and Conclusion
References
2. Environmental Impacts and Sustainability of Hydrogen Energy
Dev Kumar Mandal, Brijlal Mallik, Michael L. Johns, Shivangi Kashyap, Vivek Hamal and Krishnendu Ghosh
2.1 Introduction
2.1.1 Problem Statement
2.1.2 Research Objectives
2.2 Literature Review
2.2.1 Hydrogen Production Methods
2.2.2 Storage and Transportation Hydrogen
2.2.3 Challenges and Opportunities
2.3 Research Methodology
2.3.1 Data Collection
2.3.2 Data Analysis
2.3.3 Limitations
2.3.4 Ethical Considerations
2.4 Conclusion
Bibliography
3. Hydrogen Energy in Developing Countries
Shrish Bajpai and Divya Sharma
3.1 Introduction
3.2 Hydrogen as a Fuel
3.2.1 Hydrogen as a Fuel of Mobility in Developing Countries
3.3 Major Sources of Production of Hydrogen Fuel
3.3.1 Steam Methane Reforming
3.3.2 Electrolysis
3.3.3 Coal Gasification
3.3.4 Partial Oxidation of Hydrocarbons
3.3.5 Biomass Gasification
3.3.6 Photobiological Water Splitting
3.3.7 Thermochemical Water Splitting
3.3.8 Methane Pyrolysis
3.3.9 Fermentation
3.3.10 Solar-Driven Processes
3.4 Hydrogen Energy in Developing Countries
3.5 Challenges of Hydrogen as Fuel in Developing Countries
3.5.1 High Production Costs
3.5.2 Energy Efficiency
3.5.3 Storage and Transportation
3.5.4 Infrastructure Development
3.5.5 Safety Concerns
3.5.6 Production Methods and Emissions
3.5.7 Technological Barriers
3.5.8 Economic and Policy Challenges
3.5.9 Environmental Concerns
3.5.10 Market and Demand Uncertainty
3.6 Storage of Hydrogen
3.6.1 Compressed Hydrogen Gas
3.6.2 Liquid Hydrogen
3.6.3 Metal Hydrides
3.6.4 Chemical Hydrogen Storage
3.6.5 Adsorption-Based Storage
3.6.6 Underground Storage
3.6.7 Key Considerations for Hydrogen Storage
3.6.8 Applications
3.7 Conclusion
Acknowledgements
References
4. Advancing Hydrogen Power: A Comprehensive Review of Its Role in India’s Future Development
Jeya Daisy I., Anitha Subburaj, M. Ishwarya Niranjana, Sri Vidhya K. and Vaishnavi S.
4.1 Introduction
4.2 Power Generation and Energy Storage Solutions—Role of Hydrogen
4.2.1 Global Perspective
4.2.2 India’s Perspective
4.3 Hydrogen in Power Generation
4.3.1 Global Adoption Europe
4.3.2 India’s Initiatives
4.4 Hydrogen in Energy Storage Applications
4.4.1 World Leaders in Hydrogen Storage
4.4.2 India’s Hydrogen Storage Potential
4.4.3 Applications Beyond Grid Stabilization
4.4.4 Challenges and Opportunities for India
4.4.5 Future Outlook
4.5 Policy Frameworks
4.5.1 India’s Green Hydrogen Mission
4.5.2 Global Policies
4.5.3 Comparative Analysis
4.6 Environmental Impact
4.6.1 Environmental Advantages of Hydrogen
4.6.2 India’s Environmental Challenges and Opportunities
4.6.3 Challenges of India’s Transition to Green Hydrogen
4.6.4 Path Forward for India
4.7 Opportunities
4.8 Conclusion
References
5. The Role of Hydrogen in Achieving Net Zero Emissions
Sarat Kumar Sahoo, Durgadevi Samantara, Nipon Ketjoy and Suman Lata Tripathi
5.1 Introduction
5.1.1 Hydrogen’s Unique Role in Decarbonization
5.1.2 Power Generation
5.1.3 Transportation
5.1.4 Industry
5.1.5 Heating and Cooling
5.2 Green Hydrogen Production and Innovation
5.2.1 Green Hydrogen Production
5.2.2 Carbon Capture and Steam Methane Reforming Integration of Carbon Capture in Blue Hydrogen Production
5.2.3 Emerging Technologies
5.3 Overcoming Challenges in Hydrogen
5.4 Policies, Initiatives, and Success Stories
5.5 Hydrogen’s Future in Achieving Net Zero
5.5.1 Global Hydrogen Trade
5.6 Conclusion
References
6. Design and Development of Braking Systems in Fuel Cell Electric Vehicles
Abhishek Kumar and Harpreet Singh Bedi
6.1 Introduction
6.2 Literature Review
6.3 Proposed Model
6.4 Challenges in Braking System
6.4.1 Thermal Management Challenges
6.4.2 System Redundancy
6.4.3 Weight and Energy Efficiency
6.5 Comparisons of EVs and FCEVs
6.6 Conclusions
References
7. Advancements in Six-Stroke Engine Technology
Ranjit Kumar Bindal, Prashant Kumar, Manish, Charanjot Singh and Sahil Bhardwaj
7.1 Introduction
7.2 Literature Review
7.2.1 Early Developments of the Six-Stroke Engine
7.2.2 Working Principles of Six-Stroke Engines
7.2.3 Performance and Efficiency Gains
7.2.4 Practical Considerations and Challenges
7.2.5 Comparison with Four-Stroke Engines
7.3 Methodology
7.3.1 MATLAB Simulation
7.3.2 Simulation Setup
7.3.3 Performance Modeling
7.3.4 Emissions Modeling
7.3.5 Comparative Analysis
7.4 Results and Evaluation
7.4.1 Thermal Efficiency
7.4.2 Fuel Consumption
7.4.3 Power Output
7.4.4 Trends
7.5 Challenges and Limitations
7.5.1 Increased Mechanical Complexity
7.5.2 Higher Initial Costs
7.5.3 Optimization and Calibration
7.5.4 Reliability and Durability
7.5.5 Regulatory Compliance
7.5.6 Limited Adoption and Infrastructure
7.5.7 Limited Research and Data
7.5.8 Wear and Tear on Engine Components
7.6 Future Outcomes
7.6.1 Fuel Compatibility of Six-Stroke Engine
7.6.1.1 Hydrogen
7.6.1.2 Biofuels (Ethanol, Biodiesel)
7.6.1.3 Natural Gas
7.6.1.4 Synthetic Fuels (Synfuels)
7.6.1.5 Ammonia
7.6.1.6 Electric Power (Hybridization)
7.7 Potential Applications
7.8 Porsche’s New Patent for Six-Stroke Engine
7.9 Conclusion
References
8. Barriers to Hydrogen Energy Adoption in India
Mohanraj K. S., Sivasankari S., A. Arun Negemiya, Dhivya Priya E. L. and V. Vaithiyanathan
8.1 Introduction
8.2 Lack of Hydrogen Infrastructure: A Barrier to Hydrogen Energy Adoption
8.3 High Production Costs of Hydrogen: The Bar to Its Wide Utilization
8.3.1 Hydrogen Production Cost, 2023
8.4 Technological Barriers to Hydrogen Energy Penetration
8.4.1 Production Challenges
8.4.2 Storage Bottlenecks
8.4.3 Transportation and Distribution Issues
8.4.4 End-Use Applications
8.4.5 Compatibility of Materials
8.4.6 Safety Problems
8.5 Limited Renewable Energy Availability: A Constraint on Green Hydrogen Production
8.5.1 Geographical Dependence
8.5.2 Competing Demands
8.5.3 Grid Infrastructure Constraints
8.5.4 Nature of Renewables
8.5.5 Cyclical Changes
8.5.6 Technological Momentum
8.6 Regulatory and Structural Challenges
8.6.1 Standards & Certification
8.6.2 Storage & Permitting
8.6.3 Transport & Refueling
8.6.4 Safety & Financing
8.6.5 Policy and Regulatory Frameworks
8.7 Public Awareness and Acceptance: Roadmap for Successful Introduction of Hydrogen Energy
8.7.1 Public Education
8.7.2 Overcoming Safety Fears
8.7.3 Hydrogen Applications Demonstration
8.7.4 Transparency and Communication
8.7.5 Interaction with Media
8.7.6 Economic Advantage
8.7.7 Public Engagement for the Long Term
8.8 Skilled Workforce Shortage in the Hydrogen Energy Industry
8.8.1 Targeted Education and Training Programs
8.8.2 Reskilling and Upskilling the Existing Workforce
8.8.3 Promotion of STEM Education
8.8.4 Recruitment from Other Industries
8.8.5 Diversity and Inclusion Initiatives
8.8.6 Continuing Education and Professional Development
8.8.7 Government Support and Incentives
8.9 Closing of Funding and Investments for Hydrogen Energy
8.9.1 Issues Regarding Funding and Investment
8.9.2 Attracting Investments Strategies
8.9.3 New Funding Mechanisms
8.9.4 Venture Capital and Angel Investors
8.9.5 Strategic Partnerships with Industry
8.9.6 Strengthening Regulation Frameworks
8.9.7 Transparency and Information Sharing
8.10 Explore the Intricacies of the Hydrogen Supply Chain
8.10.1 Diversification in Production
8.10.2 Transportation Challenges
8.10.3 Infrastructure Investment
8.10.4 Technology
8.10.5 Regulatory Framework
8.10.6 Supply Chain Optimization
8.10.7 International Cooperation 183
8.11 Challenges to Hydrogen Transport and Storage
8.12 Hydrogen Integration into Current Energy Systems
8.13 Hydrogen Contesting Priorities of Renewables
Conclusion
Future Work
References
9. Predicting Public Opinion on Hydrogen Energy: A Sentiment Analysis of Social Media Posts
Gaurav Kumar, Krishan Arora and Sachin Kumar
9.1 Introduction
9.2 Related Work
9.2.1 Forecasting Social Media Datasets
9.2.2 Analysis of Social Comments
9.3 Proposed Work
9.4 Results and Discussion
9.5 Conclusions and the Future
References
10. Hydrogen Fuel Cells: Technology and Applications
D. Santhanamary Sasireka, T. A. Revathy, S. Shahil Kirupavathy, Abdul Razak Mohamed Sikkander and Suman Lata Tripathi
10.1 Introduction
10.2 Principle of Operation
10.2.1 Comparison of Fuel Cells with Batteries and Internal Combustion Engines
10.2.2 Thermodynamics of Fuel Cells
10.2.3 Kinetics of Fuel Cell Processes
10.2.4 Performance Evaluation of Fuel Cells
10.3 Fuel Cell Types
10.3.1 High-Temperature Fuel Cells
10.3.1.1 Molten Carbonate Fuel Cells
10.3.1.2 Solid Oxide Fuel Cells
10.3.2 Low-Temperature Fuel Cells
10.3.2.1 Alkaline Fuel Cells
10.3.2.2 Phosphoric Acid Fuel Cells
10.3.2.3 PEM Fuel Cells
10.3.2.4 Direct Methanol Fuel Cells
10.4 Applications of Hydrogen Fuel Cells
10.4.1 Automotive Industry
10.4.2 Aerospace
10.4.3 Stationary Power Generation
10.4.4 Portable Electronics
10.5 Critical Challenges and Constraints
10.5.1 Hydrogen Production and Storage
10.5.2 Infrastructure Development
10.5.3 Cost and Efficiency
10.5.4 Durability and Lifespan
10.5.5 Public Awareness and Policy Support
10.6 Technological Developments
10.6.1 Material Innovations, Catalysts,
Improvement in Efficiencies
10.6.2 Advanced Catalyst Materials
10.6.3 Enhanced Membranes and Electrolytes
10.6.4 Hydrogen Storage Innovations
10.6.5 Fuel Cell Stack Design and Efficiency Improvements
10.7 Research Trends in Hydrogen Fuel Cells
10.7.1 Emerging Qualitative Research Trends
10.7.1.1 Literature Review
10.7.1.2 Industry Experts and Industry Perspectives
10.7.1.3 Case Study Analyses
10.7.2 Improvements in Quantitative Research
10.7.2.1 Experimental Investigations
10.7.2.2 Computational Modeling and Simulations
10.7.2.3 Data-Driven Statistical Analyses
10.7.3 How to Design Mixed-Methods Designs
10.7.3.1 Integrative Research Strategies
10.7.3.2 Cross-Disciplinary Triangulation
10.8 Future Directions in Hydrogen Fuel Cell Research
10.8.1 Advances in Catalysts
10.8.2 Green Hydrogen Production
10.8.3 Expansion of Hydrogen Infrastructure
10.8.4 Interfacing with Renewable Energy Systems
10.8.5 Fuel Cell Design Innovations
10.9 New Data Collection and Analysis Techniques
10.9.1 Stakeholders’ Surveys
10.9.2 Computational and Artificial Intelligence–Based Simulation Tools
10.9.3 Predictive Statistical Modeling
10.10 Market Growth and Adoption
10.11 Future Outlook
10.11.1 Short Term (2025–2030)
10.11.2 Medium Term (2030–2040)
10.11.3 Long Term (2040–2050)
10.12 Conclusions
References
11. Hydrogen Transport and Distribution
Devanshi Srivastava, Adarsh Kumar Arya and Tousif Mzili
11.1 Introduction
11.2 Infrastructure Based on Hydrogen for Mobility
11.3 Distribution and Transportation of Hydrogen
11.3.1 Compressed Gas Containers
11.3.2 Containers for Liquids Kept at Cryogenic Temperatures
11.3.3 Pipelines
11.3.4 Blending with NG
11.4 The Economics of Hydrogen
11.5 Resolving Issues with Station Operation through Enhanced Reliability
11.5.1 Reliability as a Fundamental Challenge in Research
11.5.2 Reliability Engineering for Hydrogen Infrastructure
11.6 Hydrogen Station Operation
11.6.1 Distribution and Use of Hydrogen Stations
11.6.2 Operating Expenses for Hydrogen Stations
11.6.3 Safety of Hydrogen Stations
11.6.4 Reliability of Hydrogen Stations
11.7 Future Scope of Hydrogen Transportation and Distribution
11.8 Conclusion
References
12. Hydrogen Production from Renewable Sources
Nibedita Nath, Subhendu Chakroborty, Monica Mehrotra, Rintu Kumar and Sulabh Sachan
12.1 Introduction
12.2 Hydrogen
12.3 Renewable Sources for Production of H2
12.4 H2 Production from Renewable Sources
12.5 H2 Economy
12.6 H2 Storage
12.7 H2 as a Future Energy Source
12.8 Conclusion and Future Scope
References
13. Hydrogen in Transportation
Mohammad Danish, Mohd Sadat, Syed Aqeel Ahmad and Mehmet Ali Silgu
13.1 Introduction
13.2 Literature Review
13.3 Conclusions
13.4 Acknowledgement
References
14. The Science of Hydrogen Properties and Production
M. Divya Bharathi, J. Arumugam, M. Jayachandiran and A. Dhayal Raj
14.1 Introduction
14.2 Energy Cost in Hydrogen Synthesis via Electrolysis
14.3 Physical and Chemical Properties of Hydrogen
14.4 Hydrogen Production Technologies
14.4.1 Hydrogen Generation Using Fossil Fuels
14.4.1.1 Steam Reforming
14.4.1.2 Partial Oxidation
14.4.1.3 Autothermal Reforming
14.4.1.4 Thermal Cracking
14.4.2 Sustainable Biomass Sources
14.4.2.1 Biomass Gasification
14.4.3 Hydrogen Production through H2O Splitting
14.4.4 Biological Methods of Hydrogen Production
14.4.4.1 Direct Biophotolysis
14.4.4.2 Indirect Biophotolysis
14.4.4.3 Photofermentation
14.4.4.4 Dark Fermentation
14.5 Conclusions
References
15. Hydrogen Production Processes from Renewable Energy Resources
D. Anitha Jennifer, S. Shahil Kirupavathy, T. A. Revathy, Abdul Razak Mohamed Sikkander and Suman Lata Tripathi
15.1 Introduction
15.2 Hydrogen Production Methods
15.2.1 Hydrogen from Water
15.2.1.1 Electrolysis
15.2.1.2 Thermolysis
15.2.1.3 Photoelectrolysis
15.2.1.4 Biophotolysis
15.2.2 Hydrogen from Biomass
15.2.2.1 Biological Processes
15.2.2.2 Thermochemical Processes
15.2.2.3 Biomass Gasification
15.2.2.4 Hydrothermal Liquefaction
15.3 Renewable Energy Sources to Hydrogen
15.3.1 Solar Energy to Hydrogen
15.3.2 Wind Energy to Hydrogen
15.3.3 Geothermal Energy to Hydrogen
15.3.4 Oceanic Energy to Hydrogen
15.4 Comparative Analysis: Water Versus Biomass
15.5 Challenges and Perspectives
15.6 Conclusion
References
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