This comprehensive volume includes twenty two chapters divided into four main areas: Inorganic aterials;Organic Materials, Composite Materials, and Biomaterials.
Table of ContentsPreface
PART I Inorganic Materials
1. Synthesis, Characterization, and Self-assembly of Colloidal Quantum Dots
Saim M. Emin, Alexandre Loukanov, Surya
P. Singh, Seiichiro Nakabayashi and Liyuan Han 1.1 Introduction
1.2 Size-dependent Optical Properties of Quantum Dots
1.2.1 Band Gap Energies
1.2.2 Absorption Spectra
1.3 Procedures for Synthesis of Colloidal Quantum Dots
1.3.1 Synthesis of Quantum Dots in Reverse Micelles
1.3.2 Synthesis of Quantum Dots in Aqueous Media
1.3.3 Hot-matrix Synthesis of Quantum Dots
1.4 Types of Semiconductor Quantum Dots
1.4.1 Binary Quantum Dots
1.4.2 Alloyed Quantum Dots
1.4.3 Core/shell Quantum Dots: Type-I --
1.4.4 Core/shell Quantum Dots: Type-II --
1.4.5 Quantum Dot/quantum Well Nanocrystals
1.4.6 Transition-element-doped Quantum Dots
1.5 Surface Functionalization of Quantum Dots
1.5.1 Self-assembly of Colloidal Quantum Dots
1.6 Conclusions
References
2. One-dimensional Semiconducting Metal Oxides: Synthesis, Characterization and Gas Sensors Application
Nguyen Duc Hoa 2.1 Introduction
2.2 Synthesis of 1-D Metal Oxide
2.2.1 Vapor Phase Growth
2.2.2 Vapor-liquid-solid Mechanism
2.2.3 Vapor Solid Mechanism
2.3 Solution Phase Growth
2.3.1 Template Assisted Synthesis
2.3.2 Template Free Synthesis
2.4 Gas Sensor Applications
2.4.1 SnO NWs Based Gas Sensors
2.4.2 WO NWs Based Gas Sensors
2.4.3 ZnO NWs Based Gas Sensors
2.4.4 TiO NWs Based Gas Sensor
2.4.5 CuO NWs Based Gas Sensors
2.4.6 InO NWs Based Gas Sensors
2.5 Conclusions
Acknowledgement
References
3. Rare-earth Based Insulating Nanocrystals: Improved Luminescent Nanophosphors for Plasma Display Panels
Prashant K. Sharma and Avinash C. Pandey 3.1 What is Plasma Display Panel? An Introduction and Overview
3.2 History of Plasma Display Panel
3.3 Working of Plasma Display Panel
3.3.1 Advantages of Plasma Display Panel
3.3.2 Disadvantages of Plasma Display Panel
3.4 Nanophosphors for Plasma Display Panel
3.4.1 Blue Nanophosphors
3.5 Synthesis of BAM:Eu2+ Nanophosphors by Sol-gel Method 1
3.5.1 Chemicals Used
3.5.2 Methodology
3.5.3 Characterization of Prepared Nanophosphors
3.5.4 Results and Discussion
3.6 Time Evolution Studies and Decay Time Determination
3.7 Synthesis of BAM:Eu2+ Nanophosphors by Solution Combustion Method
3.7.1 Chemicals Used
3.7.2 Methodology
3.7.3 Characterization of Prepared Nanophosphors
3.7.4 Results and Discussion
3.8 Green Nanophosphors
3.8.1 Yttrium Aluminum Garnet
3.8.2 Synthesis of Nanophosphors by Sol-gel Method
3.8.3 Chemicals Used
3.8.4 Methodology
3.8.5 Characterization of Prepared Nanophosphors
3.8.6 Results and Discussion
3.9 Terbium Doped Yttrium Ortho-borate Nanophosphors
3.9.1 Synthesis of Terbium Doped Yttrium Ortho-borate Nanophosphors
3.9.2 Chemicals Used
3.9.3 Methodology
3.9.4 Characterizations Used
3.9.5 Result and Discussion
3.10 Red Nanophosphors: Yttrium Aluminum Garnet
3.10.1 Synthesis of Yttrium Aluminum Garnet Nanophosphors by Sol-gel Method
3.10.2 Chemicals Used
3.10.3 Methodology
3.10.4 Characterizations Used
3.10.5 Results and Discussion
3.11 Time Evolution Studies
3.12 Europium Doped Yttrium Ortho-borate Nanophosphors
3.12.1 Synthesis of Europium Doped Yttrium Ortho-borate Nanophosphors by Reverse Micelles Method
3.12.2 Chemicals Used
3.12.3 Synthesis of Nanoparticles
3.12.4 Characterizations Used
3.12.5 Results and Discussion
3.13 Europium Doped Yttrium Oxide Nanophosphors
3.13.1 Synthesis of Europium Doped Yttrium Oxide Nanophosphors by Solution Combustion Method
3.13.2 Chemicals Used
3.13.3 Methodology
3.13.4 Characterizations Used
3.13.5 Results and Discussion
3.14 Conclusions
Acknowledgements
References
4. Amorphous Porous Mixed Oxides: A New and Highly Versatile Class of Materials
Sadanand Pandey & Shivani B. Mishra 4.1 Introduction
4.2 Description of a Porous Solid Material
4.2.1 Qualitative Description of a Porous Solid
4.2.2 Origin of Pore Structures
4.2.3 Idealized Systems : Pore Shape and Size
4.3 Sol-gel Method for the Production of Porous Oxides
4.3.1 Synthesis of micro and mesoporous materials
4.3.2 Template-assisted Synthesis
4.4 Characterization of Porous Mixed Oxides
4.5 Application of Porous Mixed Oxide
4.5.1 Catalysts
4.5.2 Other Application of Porous Mixed Oxide
4.6 Conclusions
Acknowledgements
References
5. Zinc Oxide Nanostructures and their Applications Rizwan Wahab, I.H. Hwang, Hyung-Shik Shin, Young-Soon Kim, Javed Musarrat, Abdulaziz A. Al-Khedhairy and M.A. Siddiqui 5.1 Introduction
5.2 Importance of Metal Oxides Nanostructures
5.3 General Introduction of Antibacterial Activity
5.4 Experimental
5.4.1 Material Synthesis
5.4.2 Characterization of Synthesized Materials
5.4.3 Antibacterial Activity of Zinc Oxide Micro-.owers (ZnO-MFs)
5.5 Application of Grown Nanomaterials as an Antibacterial Agent
5.5.1 Nanostructures of ZnO: Fabrication and Characterization
5.5.2 Chemical Reaction Mechanism of Synthesized Zinc Oxide Micro-. owers (ZnO-MFs)
5.5.3 Antibacterial Activity of Synthesized Zinc Oxide Micro-. owers (ZnO-MFs)
5.5.4 Possible Mechanism
5.6 General Introduction of Cancer and the Role of Nanobiotechnology
5.6.1 Experimental
5.6.2 Materials Characterization
5.6.3 Cell Proliferation
5.7 Result and Discussion
5.7.1 X-ray Diffraction Pattern
5.7.2 Morphological or Structural Observation of Fabricated Material
5.7.3 Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) Results
5.7.4 FTIR Spectroscopy
5.7.5 Cell Viability via MTT Method and their Observation
5.8 Conclusions and Future Directions
Acknowledgements
References
6. Smart Nanomaterials for Space and Energy Applications
Raghvendra S. Yadav , Ravindra P. Singh, Prinsa Verma, Ashutosh Tiwari and Avinash C. Pandey 6.1 Introduction
6.2 Nanomaterials in Photovoltaic Cells for Space Application
6.2.1 Current Research on Materials and Devices
6.2.2 Crystalline Silicon
6.2.3 Thin Film Processing
6.2.4 Transparent Conductors
6.2.5 Cadmium Telluride Solar Cell
6.2.6 Multijunction Thin Film Photovoltaic Cells
6.2.7 Gallium Arsenide Substrate
6.2.8 Germanium Substrate
6.2.9 Indium Phoshide Substrate
6.2.10 Nanocomposites
6.2.11 Quantum Well Solar Cells
6.2.12 Nanowires and Tubes
6.2.13 Quantum Dots
6.3 Nanomaterials for Hydrogen Storage
6.3.1 Carbon Nanotubes
6.3.2 Boron Nitride Nanotubes
6.3.3 Hydride Materials
6.3.4 Metal-organic Materials
6.4 Nanomaterials in Batteries
6.5 Nanomaterials for Energy Storage in Supercapacitors
6.6 Conclusions and Future Prospects
AcknowledgementReferences
7. Thermochromic Thin Films and Nanocomposites for Smart Glazing
Russell Binions 7.1 Introduction
7.2 Principles and Background Theory to Solar Control Coatings
7.2.1 Ambient Radiation
7.2.2 Solar Thermal Surfaces
7.2.3 Thin Films for Window Glazing: Static Properties
7.2.4 Spectrally Selective Thin Films: Heat Mirrors
7.2.5 Thin Films for Window Glazing: Dynamic Properties
7.3 Semiconductor-to-metal Transitions
7.3.1 Vanadium Dioxide
7.3.2 Challenges for VO2 use in Architectural Glazing
7.4 Synthetic Techniques
7.4.1 Physical Vapour Deposition
7.4.2 Pulsed Laser Deposition
7.4.3 Sol-gel Synthesis
7.4.4 Chemical Vapour Deposition
7.4.5 Atmospheric Pressure Chemical Vapour Deposition
7.4.6 Aerosol Assisted Chemical Vapour Deposition
7.4.7 Hybrid Aerosol Assisted/Atmospheric Pressure Chemical Vapour Deposition
7.4.8 Comparison of Production Methods
7.5 Recent Results
7.5.1 Fluorine Doped VO2
7.5.2 Nanocomposite Thin Films and Energy Modelling Studies
7.5.3 The Ideal Thermochromic Coating
7.6 Outlook and Conclusions
Acknowledgments
References
PART II Organic Materials
8. Polymeric Nano-, Micellar and Core-shell Materials
Angel Contreras-Garc ¯¿½a, Guillermina Burillo,
and Emilio Bucio 8.1 Introduction
8.2 Stimuli-responses
8.3 Intelligent Micro- and Nano-materials Synthesis
8.3.1 Coacervation/precipitation
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