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Plant-Based Phytochemicals V1

Volume 1 Pharmacological Studies in Female Disorders
Edited by Durgesh Nandini Chauhan and Nagendra Singh Chauhan
Copyright: 2026   |   Expected Pub Date:2026/06/30
ISBN: 9781394272075  |  Hardcover  |  
898 pages

One Line Description
Bridge the gap between traditional medicine and cutting-edge drug discovery with this definitive guide to bioactive molecules and herbal formulations, designed to deliver personalized, anatomyspecific healthcare for female patients.

Audience
Academics, researchers, and healthcare professionals studying medical, pharmacy, and life sciences, specifically microbiology, pharmaceutical biotechnology, pharmaceutics, medicinal chemistry, and natural sciences.

Description
Today, the population is facing a growing number of health concerns, including cancer and hormonal and reproductive disorders, that complicate everyday life. As these concerns become more prevalent, individuals are looking for not only traditional but also alternative treatments for these ailments. Natural products may provide a safer, holistic, and sustainable approach to treating these disorders. While they may not replace conventional treatments entirely, they can serve as effective complementary therapies to improve overall health. However, proper dosage, clinical validation, and consultation with healthcare professionals are essential for safe and effective use. This two-volume set highlights the potential of natural products as effective treatments.
As our understanding of the female reproductive system deepens, the demand for targeted, anatomyspecific therapeutic interventions has never been more pressing. This volume explores the transformative potential of bioactive natural products for treating a wide range of diseases and disorders, including endometriosis, PCOS, menopause symptoms, menstrual irregularities, and infertility, which often have limited or side-effect-prone conventional therapies. Featuring contributions from leading global experts,
the book provides a comprehensive overview of advancements in natural molecules, herbal formulations, and dietary supplements that provide targeted, personalized healthcare for female patients. By adopting a broad interdisciplinary approach, this essential resource equips researchers with the insights necessary to identify and develop the next generation of pharmaceuticals for effective gynecological disease prevention and treatment.
Readers will find in this volume:
• Presents a comprehensive investigation of phytochemical-based medicines, giving an in-depth look at the role of natural products in treating female ailments;
• Describes the role of natural products and alternative systems of medicine formulation, preclinical and clinical studies, and the mechanism of action in various diseases related to female disorders;
• Provides essential evidence and information for all specialists overseeing importance of natural product in female disorders.

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Author / Editor Details
Durgesh Nandini Chauhan has several years of academic experience that are demonstrated in her position at the Columbia College of Pharmacy, Raipur, Chhattisgarh, India. She has written more than 10 articles published in national and international journals, 15 book chapters, and edited 10 books. Her teaching focuses on subjects such as pharmaceutics, pharmacognosy, traditional concepts of medicinal plants, drug delivery, phytochemistry, cosmetic technology, and pharmaceutical engineering.

Nagendra Singh Chauhan, PhD, is a Senior Scientific Officer and Government Analyst at the Avam Anusandhan Kendra Drug Testing Laboratory, Raipur, Chhattisgarh, India. His more than 20 years of research experience is reflected in his roles across a number of professional societies. He has written
more than 70 articles in national and international journals, 32 book chapters, and edited seven books. His research focuses on natural product isolation and phytopharmacology.

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Table of Contents
Preface
Part 1: Maternal Health Issues
1. The Ayurvedic Toolbox: A Multimodal Approach to Women’s Health
Suparna Saha, Rashmi Gupta, Shakti Bhushan and G. Babu
1.1 Introduction
1.2 Understanding Female Disorders from an Ayurvedic Perspective
1.3 Underlying Causative Factors for Various Gynecological Disorders
1.4 Ayurvedic Approaches to Common Female Disorders
1.5 Scientific Evidence Supporting Ayurvedic Treatments for Female Disorders
1.6 Ayurvedic Herbs and Medicine in Female Disorders
1.7 Safety and Adverse Effects of Ayurvedic Treatments
1.8 Integrative Management: Needs and Challenges
1.9 Future Directions and Implications
References
2. Plants Used as a Lactating Agent
Mohd Almas Khan, Areesh Zehra, Mohd Shafeeque, Sadma Parveen and Rizwan Ahamad
2.1 Introduction
2.2 Method
2.3 Factors Affecting Milk Production in Lactating Mothers
2.4 Medicinal Plants Treated as Galactagogues
2.4.1 Allium sativum L.
2.4.2 Xylopia aethiopica A. Rich
2.4.3 Secamone afzelii (Roem. & Schult.) K. Schum
2.4.4 Vitexdoniana
2.4.5 Trigonella foenum-graecum (Methi)
2.4.6 Foeniculum vulgare
2.4.7 Pimpinella anisum
2.4.8 Silybum marianum
2.4.9 Althaea officinalis
2.4.10 Asparagus racemosus (Shatawar)
2.4.11 Moringa oleifera L. (Sehjan)
2.4.12 Coriandrum sativum L. (Dhaniya)
2.4.13 Zingiber officinale Roscoe. (Ginger)
2.4.14 Carica papaya L. (Papita)
2.4.15 Nigella sativa L. (Kalonji)
2.5 Classification
2.6 Safety and Side Effects of Galactagogues
2.6.1 General Safety Considerations
2.6.2 Specific Side Effects
2.7 Interaction of Galactagogues with Medicines
2.7.1 Fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum)
2.7.2 Fennel (Foeniculum vulgare)
2.7.3 Anise (Pimpinella anisum)
2.7.4 Milk Thistle (Silybum marianum)
2.7.5 Marshmallow (Althaea officinalis)
2.7.6 Shatavari (Asparagus racemosus)
2.8 Application of Natural Lactating Agent
2.9 Future Perspective of Natural Galactagogues Agents
2.10 Conclusion
References
3. Herbal Interventions for Lactation Suppression: From Plants to Practice
Dipal Gandhi, Devyani Thanki, Yashvi Patel and Niyati Acharya
3.1 Introduction
3.2 Physiology of Lactation
3.3 Factors Affecting Lactation
3.3.1 Prolactin
3.3.2 Oxytocin
3.3.3 Estrogen
3.3.4 Progesterone
3.4 Symptoms of Hypergalactia
3.5 Treatment for Hypergalactia
3.6 Pharmaceutical Drugs Used for Anti-Lactating Action
3.6.1 Bromocriptine
3.6.2 Cabergoline
3.6.3 Pseudoephedrine
3.7 Role of Alternative System of Medicine in Inhibiting Lactation
3.7.1 Homeopathic Medicine
3.7.2 Persian Medicine
3.7.3 Natural Remedies for Hypergalactia Management
3.7.3.1 Sage (Sage officinalis)
3.7.3.2 Peppermint (Mentha piperita L.)
3.7.3.3 Soybean (Glycine max)
3.7.3.4 Cabbage (Brassica oleracea)
3.7.3.5 Pyridoxine (Vitamin B6)
3.7.3.6 Chasteberry (Vitex agnus-castus)
3.7.3.7 Jasmine (Jasminum officinale)
3.7.3.8 Parsley (Petroselinum crispum)
3.7.4 Home Remedies for the Treatment of Hypergalactia
3.8 Conclusion
References
4. Plants Used in Pelvic Inflammatory Disease (PID)
Jobaier Ibne Deen, Humayra Ferdousi, Abida Sultana, Md. Mujahidul Islam, Srabonti Saha and Md. Atiar Rahman
4.1 Introduction
4.2 Category of Pelvic Inflammatory Diseases (PID)
4.3 Etiology and Epidemiology of PID
4.3.1 Microbial Aetiology of PID
4.4 Mechanistic in the Development of PID
4.5 Risk Factors and Pathogenesis of PID/Pathophysiology
4.5.1 Risk Factors
4.5.1.1 Multiple Partners
4.5.1.2 STI in the Partner
4.5.1.3 Ethnicity
4.5.1.4 Age
4.5.1.5 Previous PID
4.5.1.6 Menstrual Cycle
4.5.1.7 Other Conditions
4.5.2 Pathogenesis
4.5.2.1 Pathogenesis: An Ascending Infection
4.6 Clinical Presentation of PID
4.6.1 Pelvic Inflammatory Diseases in Adolescent Females
4.7 Complications, Diagnosis, and Therapeutic Approaches of PID
4.8 Plants: Alternative Approach of PID Treatment
4.9 Antimicrobial Activity of Plant Extracts Against PID
4.9.1 Antimicrobial Activity of Isolated Phytochemicals of Different Plants Against PID Pathogens
4.9.2 Antimicrobial Activity of Composite Herbal Formulation with Choice of Antibiotics against PID Pathogens
4.10 Prevention of PID
4.11 Conclusion
Acknowledgments
Author Contribution
References
5. Natural Products Used in Urinary Tract Infections
Anshika Garg, Anuradha Verma and Babita Kumar
5.1 Introduction
5.2 Herbal Chinese Medicine
5.3 Natural Remedies for UTI Prevention and Treatment
5.3.1 Uva-Ursi (Arctostaphylos Uva-Ursi)
5.3.2 Cranberry (Vaccinium macrocarpon)
5.3.3 Garlic (Allium sativum)
5.3.4 Grapefruit (Citrus paradisi)
5.3.5 Blueberries (Vaccinium angustifolium)
5.3.6 Tea Tree Oil (Melaleuca alternifolia)
5.3.7 Pineapple (Ananas comosus)
5.3.8 Apple Cider Vinegar
5.3.9 Horseradish (Armoracia rusticana)
5.3.10 Goldenseal (Hydrastis canadensis)
5.4 Safety Considerations in Natural UTI Remedies
5.5 Clinical Trials
5.6 Herbal Nanotechnology for Managing UTIs
5.6.1 Silver Nanoparticles (AgNPs)
5.6.2 Copper Nanoparticles (CuNPs)
5.6.3 Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles (ZnONPs)
5.6.4 Silicon-Dioxide Nanoparticles (SiO2 NPs)
5.7 Current Research and Knowledge Gaps
5.8 Conclusion
Acknowledgment
Abbreviations
References
6 Plants Used in Anaemia
Huzaifa Umar, Emmanuel Mishelia Halilu, Great Iruoghene Edo, Maryam Rabiu Aliyu, Abdurrazak Muhammad and Dilber Uzun Ozsahin
6.1 Introduction
6.2 Iron Deficiency Anaemia
6.3 Plant Used in Hemolytic Anaemia Treatment
6.4 Plants Used in Sickle Cell Anaemia
6.5 Plants Used in Anaemia Treatment During Pregnancy
6.6 Future Perspective
6.7 Conclusion
References
7. Hirsutism: An Integrative Approach to Treatment and Management, Combining Conventional, Traditional, and Herbal Wisdom
Pallavi Manish Lavhale, Azhar Danish Khan, Payal Kesharwani, Sanjeev Acharya and Nikunjanaben R. Patel
7.1 Introduction
7.1.1 Definition
7.1.2 Prevalence and Impact on Quality of Life
7.1.3 Psychological and Social Implications
7.2 Etiology of Hirsutism
7.2.1 Hormonal Factors
7.2.2 Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS)
7.2.3 Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia (CAH)
7.2.4 Androgen-Secreting Tumors (ASNT)
7.2.5 Idiopathic Hirsutism
7.3 Clinical Manifestations
7.3.1 Characteristic Hair Growth Patterns
7.3.2 Associated Symptoms
7.3.3 Diagnostic Criteria (Ferriman-Gallwey Scoring System)
7.4 Treatment for Hirsutism
7.4.1 Medical Management
7.4.1.1 Hormonal Therapies
7.4.1.2 Glucocorticoids
7.4.2 Lifestyle Therapies
7.4.3 Epilation
7.4.3.1 Physical and Chemical Epilation
7.4.3.2 Electro-Epilation (Electrolysis)
7.5 Herbal Interventions
7.5.1 Historical Perspective on Plant-Based Treatments
7.5.1.1 Ayurvedic System
7.5.1.2 Unani System
7.5.1.3 Chinese System
7.5.1.4 Greek and Roman System
7.5.2 Phytoestrogens and Their Potential Role
7.5.3 Specific Plants with Anti-Androgenic Properties
7.5.3.1 Fennel (Foeniculum vulgare)
7.5.3.2 Liquorice (Glycyrrhiza glabra)
7.5.3.3 Saw Palmetto (Serenoa repens)
7.5.3.4 Green Tea (Camellia sinensis)
7.5.3.5 Chaste Berry (Vitex agnus-castus)
7.5.3.6 Coconut (Cocos nucifera)
7.5.3.7 Pomegranate (Punica granatum)
7.5.3.8 Turmeric (Curcuma longa)
7.5.3.9 Ginger (Zingiber officinalis) and Neem (Azadirachta indica)
7.5.4 Formulations and Preparations
7.5.4.1 Topical Formulations
7.5.4.2 Oral Formulations
7.5.5 Safety and Efficacy Considerations
7.6 Research Methodology
7.6.1 In Vitro Studies (Cell Culture Models)
7.6.1.1 Dermal Papilla Cells (DPCs)
7.6.1.2 Keratinocytes
7.6.1.3 Adipocytes and Fibroblasts
7.6.1.4 3D Hair Follicle Models
7.6.2 In Vivo Models
7.6.2.1 Rodent Models
7.6.2.2 Primate Models
7.6.2.3 Canine Models
7.6.2.4 Rabbit Model
7.6.2.5 Porcine Model
7.6.3 Clinical Trials
7.6.4 Assessment of Hair Growth
7.6.4.1 Qualitative Assessment Techniques
7.6.4.2 Quantitative Assessment Techniques
7.6.4.3 Advanced Imaging Techniques
7.6.4.4 Histological Techniques
7.6.4.5 Machine Learning and Automation
7.6.5 Hormonal Evaluation or Biochemical Testing
7.7 Conclusion and Future Perspectives
7.7.1 Summary of Key Findings
7.7.2 Limitations of Current Research
7.7.3 Potential Areas for Future Investigation
7.7.4 Personalized Treatment Approaches
References
8. Role of Asparagus in Women’s Health
Shraddha Manish Gupta, Dinesh D. Rishipathak, Shantanu S. Ghodke, Shuchi Upadhyay and Devendra Kumar
8.1 Introduction to Asparagus
8.1.1 Taxonomy of Asparagus
8.1.2 Geographical Indications
8.1.3 Morphological Characteristics
8.1.4 Chemical Constituents
8.2 Nutritional Overview of Asparagus
8.2.1 Asparagus Nutritional Composition
8.2.2 Asparagus Chemical Composition
8.2.2.1 Steroidal Saponins
8.2.2.2 Vitamins
8.2.2.3 Minerals
8.2.2.4 Flavonoids and Other Phenols
8.2.2.5 Volatile Sulfur-Containing Compounds and Their Precursors
8.3 Effect of Asparagus on Hormones and Reproductive Health
8.3.1 Role of Asparagus in Menstrual Disorder
8.3.2 Role of Asparagus in Enhancing Fertility
8.3.3 Role of Asparagus in Lactation and Galactagogue Activity
8.3.4 Immunomodulator Effect of Asparagus
8.3.5 Role of Asparagus in Anaemia
8.3.6 Activity as an Adaptogen of Asparagus
8.4 Toxicological Findings and Adverse Effects Linked with Asparagus
8.5 Future Aspects of Asparagus
8.6 Conclusion
References
Part 2: Reproductive Disorders
9. Medicinal Plants and Phytochemicals for Pregnancy Care, Menstrual Regulation, and Post-Miscarriage Recovery
Melvin A. Daniel and Veeramuthu Duraipandiyan
9.1 Introduction to Medicinal Plants and Women’s Health
9.2 Phytochemicals in Pregnancy Care
9.2.1 Folate-Rich Phytochemicals and Neural Tube Defects Prevention
9.2.2 Polyphenols and Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM) Risk Reduction
9.2.3 Omega-3 Fatty Acids and Preeclampsia Risk Reduction
9.2.4 Phytoestrogens and Menopausal Symptoms in Pregnancy
9.3 Role of Phytochemicals in Labor: Aiding Initiation and Progression with Potential Benefits
9.3.1 Uterine Stimulants
9.3.2 Cervical Ripening and Softening
9.3.3 Relaxants and Pain Management
9.3.4 Antioxidant Protection
9.3.5 Hormonal Regulation
9.3.6 Herbal Remedies and Traditional Practices
9.4 Potential Risks and Considerations
9.5 Future Directions and Research
9.6 Conclusion
References
10. Current Scenario of Fibroids: Potential Natural Products for Fibroid Management
Mohammed Kaleem, Rida Sagheer, Sanjay Kumar, Preet Shikha, Bushra Abdurrazzaque, Asaad Kayali, Wasim Ahmad, Shaheen Fatma, Prashant Kumar Tiwari, Annie Gupta and Ujwala N. Mahajan
10.1 Introduction
10.1.1 Pathogenesis of Uterine Fibroids
10.1.2 Age
10.1.3 Early Menarche
10.1.4 Race
10.1.5 Genetic Factors
10.1.6 Correlation
10.1.7 Caffeine and Alcohol
10.1.8 Obesity and High Blood Pressure
10.1.9 Growth Factor: Hormones
10.2 Medical Therapies
10.3 Natural Compounds to Treat Uterine Fibroids
10.3.1 Anthocyanins
10.3.2 Berberine
10.3.3 Isoliquiritigenin
10.3.4 Adlay Extracts
10.3.5 Curcumin
10.3.6 Epigallocatechin-3-Gallate
10.3.7 Fucoidan
10.3.8 Quercetin
10.3.9 Resveratrol
10.3.10 Sulforaphane
10.3.11 Lycopene
10.4 Function of Vitamins in Fibroid Therapy
10.5 Future Prospective
10.6 Conclusion
Acknowledgments
Bibliography
11. Plants Used as Antifertility Agents
Maram M. Aboulwafa, Omayma A. Eldahshan and Abdel Nasser B. Singab
Introduction
References
12. Herbs Used for Menopausal Women
Neetu Kachhwaha, Vareesh Baghela and Kiran Meena
12.1 Introduction
12.1.1 Role of Hormones in Menopause
12.1.2 Symptomatic Features
12.1.3 Other Associated Diseases
12.2 Herbs for Menopausal Women
12.2.1 Black Cohosh
12.2.2 Red Clover
12.2.3 Dong Quai
12.2.4 Ashwagandha
12.2.5 Shatavari
12.2.6 Guduchi
12.2.7 Ashoka
12.3 Polyherbs
12.4 Alternative Therapies
Conclusion
Acknowledgment
References
13. Effectiveness of Phytochemicals in Treating Premenstrual Syndrome
Sabrin R.M. Ibrahim, Hossam M. Abdallah, Abdulrahim A. Alzain and Gamal A. Mohamed
13.1 Introduction
13.2 Phyto-Constituents for Relieving PMS Manifestations
13.2.1 Curcumin
13.2.2 Secoiridoids
13.2.3 Irilone
13.2.4 Agnuside
13.3 Medicinal Plants and/or Combination for Relieving PMS Manifestations
13.3.1 Salvia officinalis
13.3.2 Lemon Balm (Melissa officinalis)
13.3.3 Wheat Germ (Triticum vulgare)
13.3.4 Zingiber officinale (Ginger)
13.3.5 Vitex agnus-castus
13.3.6 Allium sativum (Garlic)
13.3.7 Foeniculum vulgare (Fennel)
13.3.8 Echium amoenum
13.3.9 Nardostachys jatamansi
13.3.10 Saffron
13.3.11 Chamomile
13.3.12 Nigella sativa
13.3.13 Valeriana officinalis
13.3.14 Viburnum opulus and Viburnum prunifolium
13.3.15 Cinnamomum zeylanicum and Zingiber officinale (Cinnamon and Ginger)
13.3.16 Inochinohaha White
13.3.17 Cyclodinone
13.3.18 Lomens-P0
13.4 Aromatherapy
13.5 Computational Studies
13.5.1 Results and Discussion
13.5.2 Methods
13.6 Conclusion
List of Abbreviations
References
14. Plants as Female Fertility Agents
Heba A. S. El-Nashar, Omayma A. Eldahshan and Abdel Nasser B. Singab
14.1 Introduction
14.2 Effects on Ovarian Folliculogenesis
14.3 Effects of Medicinal Plants on the Female Sex Hormones and Hormonal Balance
14.4 Effects of Medicinal Plants on the Estrous Cycle
14.5 Effects of Medicinal Plants on the Oocyte Maturation
14.6 Effects of Medicinal Plants on the Signaling Pathways Related to Reproductive Functions
14.7 Effects of Medicinal Plants on the Postoperative Adhesion Development
14.8 Clinical Trials
14.9 Conclusions
References
15. The Underlying Mechanisms and Recent Developments in the Management of Preeclampsia Using Natural Product
Tamil Barathi Palanisamy, Harshini Senthilkumar and Mohanapriya Arumugam
15.1 Introduction
15.1.1 Aberrant Uteroplacentation Due to PE
15.1.2 Malfunction of the Endothelium in Preeclamptic Pregnancy
15.2 Adverse Outcomes Associated with PE
15.2.1 HELLP Syndrome
15.2.2 Impaired Kidney Function
15.2.3 Pulmonary Edema
15.2.4 Eclampsia
15.3 Recent Advances in the Management of PE
15.3.1 Hypertension in PE Patients
15.3.2 The Approach to Treating PE Focuses on Regulating Its Angiogenic Factors
15.3.3 Fluid Management – Diuresis
15.3.4 Plant Phenolics in PE
15.3.5 Supplements that Can Be Treated for PE
15.4 Conclusion
15.5 Acknowledgment
References
16. Phytocompounds from Borassus flabellifer Targeting Key Proteins in Polycystic Ovary Syndrome Pathogenesis
Noorul Samsoon Maharifa Haja Mohaideen and Hemalatha Srinivasan
16.1 Introduction
16.2 Materials and Methods
16.2.1 Phytocompound Identification
16.2.2 Molecular Docking
16.2.2.1 Retrieval of Ligand Structures
16.2.2.2 Protein Preparation
16.2.2.3 Active Site Prediction
16.2.2.4 Virtual Screening
16.3 Application
16.3.1 Physicochemical Properties of Ligands
16.3.2 Docking Results
16.3.2.1 Target-Ligand Interaction
16.3.2.2 Interaction Phytocompounds of Borassus flabellifer Haustorium with Proteins Critical for PCOS
16.4 Future Perspectives
16.5 Conclusion
Acknowledgments
References
17. Unraveling the Pathophysiology and Treatment of Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome (PCOS) Using Natural Product
Harshini Senthilkumar, Tamil Barathi Palanisamy and Mohanapriya Arumugam
17.1 Introduction
17.2 Pathophysiology of PCOS
17.3 Clinical Testing and Diagnosis
17.4 Complications and Associated Health Risks
17.5 Treatment and Management
17.6 Importance of Natural Medicine in PCOS Management
17.7 Conclusion
References
18. Research on the Clinical and Mechanistic Improvement of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome with Natural Plants and Herbal Medicines
Ruining Liang, Tingting Liu, Jing Jin, Shuzhen Liu, Chichiu Wang, Peishuang Li, Xuejun Chen, Ying Huang and Yulin Qi
18.1 Introduction
18.2 Clinical Research on PCOS Using Natural Plants and Herbal Medicines
18.2.1 Plant Extracts
18.2.2 Herbal Medicines
18.2.3 Polyherbal Formulation
18.3 Experimental Studies with Natural Plants and Herbal Medicines on PCOS
18.3.1 Plant Extracts
18.3.1.1 Lowering Androgens
18.3.1.2 Regulating Glucose and Lipid Metabolism
18.3.1.3 Improving Follicle Development
18.3.1.4 Regulating Inflammation and Oxidative Stress
18.3.1.5 Exerting Effects on the Gut Microbiota
18.3.2 Herbal Medicine
18.3.2.1 Herbs with Anti-Androgen Properties
18.3.2.2 Herbs That Improve Ovulatory Cycles
18.3.2.3 Herbs That Improve Glucose and Lipid Metabolism
18.3.3 Polyherbal Formulation
18.3.3.1 Polyherbal Formulations with Anti-Androgen Properties
18.3.3.2 Polyherbal Formulations That Improve Ovulatory Cycles
18.3.3.3 Polyherbal Formulations That Improve Glucose and Lipid Metabolism
18.4 Concluding Remarks
References
19. Natural Products for the Treatment of Hot Flashes: A Holistic Approach to Symptom Management
Satish Dubey, Naureen Saba Khan, Shilpa Vinodia, Ashwini Kumar Dixit, Kamal Shah, Durgesh Nandini Chauhan and Nagendra Singh Chauhan
19.1 Introduction
19.2 Pathophysiology and Triggers of Hot Flashes
19.3 Role of Natural Products in the Treatment of Hot Flashes
19.3.1 Phytoestrogens
19.3.1.1 Soy (Glycine max) as Phytoestrogen
19.3.1.2 Red Clover (Trifolium pratense) as Phytoestrogen
19.4 Adaptogenic and Hormone-Modulating Herbs
19.5 Mechanism of Action of Natural Products
19.6 Safety, Challenges, and Future Outlook
19.7 Conclusion
References
20. Natural Products Used in Ovarian Cyst
Shweta Gite, Sakshi Singh, Swamini Shedgay and Shama Aphale
20.1 Introduction
20.2 Ovarian Cysts
20.2.1 Types of Ovarian Cysts
20.2.2 Drugs that Can Cause Ovarian Cysts and Scope for Natural Products that Could be Used to Prevent
20.3 Natural Products
20.3.1 Medicinal Plants
20.3.2 Ayurvedic Formulation
20.3.3 Unani Formulations
20.3.4 Homeopathic Formulations
20.3.5 Phytocompounds Targeting Signaling Pathways in Ovarian Steroidogenesis Leading Ovarian Cyst Formation
References
21. Plants Used in Endometriosis in Females
Aditya Ganeshpurkar, Ankit Ganeshpurkar, Nazneen Dubey, Kamal Shah, Durgesh Nandini Chauhan and Nagendra Singh Chauhan
21.1 Introduction
21.1.1 Causative Factors
21.1.2 Management of Endometriosis
21.1.3 Side Effects of Well-Established Endometriosis Therapies
21.2 Herbs for Management of Endometriosis
21.3 Purified Bioactives
21.4 Conclusion
References
22. Plants Used in Bleeding Disorders in Females
Saurabh Kumar Kesharwani, Roohi Kesharwani, Dilip K. Patel, Shikha Kesharwani, Heera Ram, Amita Verma and Vikas Kumar
22.1 Introduction
22.2 Menstrual Disorders
22.3 Menorrhagia
22.3.1 Causes
22.3.2 Symptoms
22.3.3 Mechanism of Menstrual Bleeding
22.4 Plants Used in Menstrual Disorder
22.4.1 Chamomile
22.4.2 Cinnamon
22.4.3 Ginger
22.4.4 Fennel
22.4.5 Peppermint
22.5 Conclusion
References
Part 3: Gynaecological Cancers
23. Phytochemicals as a Therapy in Ovarian Cancer
Chiranjit Dey, Amrita Sahu, Teeshyo Bhattacharya, Indrajit Bhattacharya, Tanzeem Nigar, Remya Sreedhar and Somasundaram Arumugam
23.1 Introduction
23.2 Anticancer Effect of Phytochemicals in Different Cancer Targets
23.3 Anticancer Effect of Different Phytochemicals in Ovarian Cancer
23.4 Use of Phytochemicals in Combination
23.4.1 Combination of Phytochemicals
23.4.2 Phytochemicals and Chemotherapies
23.5 Limitation of Phytochemical Therapy
23.6 Conclusion
Abbreviations
References
24. Role of Medicinal Plants Used in the Treatment of Uterine Cancer
Sindhghatta Kariyappa Anupama, Ramachandregowda Sowbhagya, Heggadadevanakote Doreswamy Prathiba and Somashekara Rajashekara
Introduction
Uterine Cancer
Diagnosis
Secondary Metabolites
Biomarkers of Uterine Cancer
Conclusion and Future Prospectives
References
25. The Role of Natural Products in Cervical Cancer
Ari Satia Nugraha, Alfian M. forentin, Hendris Wongso, Rudi Hendra and Paul A. Keller
25.1 Introduction
25.2 Natural Products Against Cervical Cancer: In Vitro
25.3 Terpenoids
25.3.1 Diterpenoid
25.3.2 Triterpenoid
25.3.3 Sesquiterpene
25.3.4 Alkaloids
25.3.5 Xanthone
25.3.6 Coumarins
25.3.7 Other Compounds
25.4 Natural Products Screening Against Cervical Cancer: In Vivo
25.4.1 Mangostin
25.4.2 Curcumin
25.4.3 Saikosaponin
25.4.4 Quercetin and Rutin
25.4.5 Piperine
25.5 Natural Product Against Cervical Cancer: Clinical Data
25.5.1 Paclitaxel
25.5.2 Curcumin
25.5.3 3,3′-Diindolylmethane
25.5.4 Zalypsis
25.6 Conclusion
References
26. Plants Used in Breast Cancer
Huzaifa Umar, Maryam RabiuAliyu and Dilber Uzun Ozsahin
26.1 Introduction
26.2 Epigenetics of Breast Cancer
26.3 Plant-Based Phytochemicals in the Treatment and Management of Diseases
26.3.1 Important of Plants of Breast Cancer Treatments
26.3.1.1 Albizia lebbeck
26.3.1.2 Ficus ingens
26.3.1.3 Clinacanthus nutans
26.3.1.4 Mangifera indica
26.3.1.5 Mentha piperita
26.3.1.6 Flueggea leucopyrus
26.4 Future Perspective of Plants in Breast Cancer Treatment
Conclusion
References
Part 4: Mental Health Conditions
27. Antistress Herbs for Women
Shaza H. Aly, Gokhan Zengin and Omayma A. Eldahshan
27.1 Introduction
27.2 Plant Extracts with Potential Antistress Effect in Women
27.2.1 Ashwagandha (Withania somnifera)
27.2.2 Ginseng (Panax ginseng)
27.2.3 Lemon Balm (Melissa officinalis)
27.2.4 Passionflower (Passiflora incarnata)
27.2.5 Holy Basil (Ocimum sanctum)
27.2.6 Arctic Root Or Golden Root (Rhodiola rosea)
27.2.7 Miscellaneous Plant Extracts
27.3 Volatile Oils with Potential Antistress Effect in Women
27.4 Phytochemicals with Potential Antistress Effect in Women
Future Perspective
Conclusion
References
Part 5: Sexual Health Issues
28. Natural Products Used in Vaginal Infections
Yaw Duah Boakye, Nicholas Adjei Bae, Ahmed Wahab-Obeng, Theresa Appiah Agana, Vivian Etsiapa Boamah and Christian Agyare
28.1 Introduction
28.1.1 The Vaginal Microbiota
28.1.2 Vaginal Infections
28.1.2.1 Bacterial Vaginosis
28.1.2.2 Vulvovaginal Candidiasis
28.1.2.3 Trichomoniasis
28.1.2.4 Other Vaginal Infections
28.2 Natural Products Used in Vaginal Infections
28.2.1 Natural Products
28.2.2 Natural Products Used in Vaginal Infections
28.2.2.1 Aloe Vera (Aloe barbadensis Miller)
28.2.2.2 Tea Tree (Melaleuca alternifolia)
28.2.2.3 Eucalyptus
28.2.2.4 Garlic (Allium sativum)
28.2.2.5 Zataria multiflora
28.2.2.6 Chamomile (Matricaria chamomilla)
28.2.2.7 Cinnamomum verum
28.2.2.8 Rosmarinus officinalis
28.2.2.9 Cymbopogon species
28.2.2.10 Probiotics
28.3 Conclusion
References
29. Natural Products for Induced Abortion
Aolin Zhang, Xueru Fan, Junwei Li, Hongliang Xie, Tao He, Xiaohui Fan, Chi Chiu Wang and Lu Li
29.1 Introduction
29.1.1 Epidemiology of Induced Abortion
29.1.2 Medical Approaches for Induced Abortion
29.1.3 Natural Products for Induced Abortion
29.1.4 Principles of CHM Therapy
29.1.5 Modern Research Studies on CHM for Induced Abortion
29.2 Methodology
29.2.1 Search Strategy for Study Identification
29.2.2 Selection of Studies
29.2.3 Data Extraction and Management
29.2.4 Data Synthesis
29.3 Results
29.3.1 Efficacy
29.3.2 Safety
29.4 Future Perspective
29.4.1 Implications for Practice
29.4.2 Implications for Research
29.5 Conclusion
Acknowledgement
References
30. Natural Product for the Treatment of Female Sexual Dysfunction
Rinki Yadav, Roohi Kesherwani, Dilip Kumar Patel, Sunil Prakash Yadav, Amita Verma, Heera Ram and Vikas Kumar
30.1 Introduction
30.2 Treatments on Sexual Dysfunction
30.2.1 Surgery
30.2.2 Radiation and Chemotherapy
30.2.3 Immunotherapies and Targeted Therapies
30.3 Epidemiology of Female Sexual Dysfunction
30.4 Sexual Desire Disorders
30.4.1 Hypoactive Sexual Desire Disorder (HSDD)
30.4.2 Sexual Aversion Disorder
30.4.3 Sexual Arousal Disorder
30.4.4 Orgasmic Disorders
30.4.5 Sexual Pain Disorders
30.4.5.1 Dyspareunia
30.4.5.2 Vaginismus
30.5 Natural Product
30.6 Natural Products for the Treatment of Female Sexual Dysfunction
30.6.1 L-Arginine
30.6.2 Ginseng
30.6.3 Ginkgo
30.6.4 Maca
30.7 Other Natural Treatments
30.7.1 Tribulus Terrestris (“Puncturevine”)
30.7.2 Trifolium Pratense (Red Clover)
30.7.3 Cimicifuga Racemosa (Black Cohosh)
30.7.4 Vitex Agnus-Castus (Chasteberry Fruit)
Conclusion
References
Index

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