-
Browse Book Series
- Adhesion and Adhesives: Fundamental and Applied Aspects
- Advances in Additive Manufacturing Technologies
- Advances in Antenna, Microwave and Communication Engineering
- Advances in Biofeedstocks and Biofuels
- Advances in Cyber Security
- Advances in Data Engineering and Machine Learning
- Advances in Disease Diagnosis, Drug Delivery and Treatment
- Advances in E-Mobility
- Advances in Hydrogen Production and Storage
- Advances in Intelligent and Scientific Computing (AISC)
- Advances in Learning Analytics for Intelligent Cloud-IoT Systems
- Advances in Membrane Processes
- Advances in Nanotechnology and Applications
- Advances in Natural Gas Engineering
- Advances in Pipes and Pipelines
- Advances in Production Engineering
- Advances in Solar Cell Materials and Storage
- Advances in Surface Engineering and Materials Processing
- Applied Functional Materials
- Artificial Intelligence and Soft Computing for Industrial Transformation
- Astrobiology Perspectives on Life in the Universe
- Bioprocessing in Food Science
- Computational Intelligence and Biomedical Engineering
- Computational Intelligence in Industrial Mathematics
- Concise Introductions to AI and Data Science
- Cyber Systems and Quantum Engineering
- Decentralized Systems and Next-Generation Internet
- Diatoms: Biology and Applications
- Digital Convergence in Engineering Systems
- Emerging Trends in Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry
- Engineering Systems Design for Sustainable Development
- Fintech in a Sustainable Digital Society
- Human Centric Sustainability and Next Generation Technology
- Industry 5.0 Transformation Applications
- Infectious and Rare Diseases
- Innovations in Materials and Manufacturing
- Leading-Edge Breakthroughs in Artificial Intelligence
- Lifeline Molecules: Exploring Antioxidants and Their Impact
- Machine Learning in Biomedical Science and Healthcare Informatics
- Marine Nanoscience and Nanotechnology
- Materials Degradation and Failure
- Mathematics and Computer Science
- Next-Generation Computing and Communication Engineering
- Performability Engineering Series
- Robotics and Automation for Modern Applications
- Rotating Machinery Fundamentals and Advances
- Semiconductor Devices and Their Applications
- Separation Science
- Studies in Computational Intelligence and Smart Technologies
- Sustainable Biopolymer Technologies and Applications
- Sustainable Computing and Optimization
- Thermoplastic Bionanocomposites Series
- Transformative Innovations in Materials Science
Browse Subject Areas
For Authors
Submit a ProposalCatalysis from Waste
One Line Description
Transforming environmental liabilities into economic assets, this groundbreaking book provides researchers and policymakers with the definitive, research-backed blueprint for using advanced catalysis to turn solid waste streams into high-value resources.
Description
As the global generation of solid waste continues to rise, there is an urgent necessity to explore innovative methods to repurpose and extract value from these waste streams. Catalysis, a field that involves accelerating chemical reactions, offers a promising avenue for transforming solid residues into valuable products. This book illuminates the transformative potential lying dormant within waste materials and their conversion through catalytic processes into valuable resources. This ground-breaking publication bridges the gap between environmental stewardship and economic sustainability by exploring innovative catalytic methodologies that harness the latent value embedded in solid residues. Through a meticulous examination of case studies, cutting-edge research, and practical applications, the book serves as a vital resource for researchers, practitioners, and policymakers alike, fostering a deeper appreciation for the pivotal role catalysis can play in reshaping our approach towards waste management and resource utilization.
Back to Top
As the global generation of solid waste continues to rise, there is an urgent necessity to explore innovative methods to repurpose and extract value from these waste streams. Catalysis, a field that involves accelerating chemical reactions, offers a promising avenue for transforming solid residues into valuable products. This book illuminates the transformative potential lying dormant within waste materials and their conversion through catalytic processes into valuable resources. This ground-breaking publication bridges the gap between environmental stewardship and economic sustainability by exploring innovative catalytic methodologies that harness the latent value embedded in solid residues. Through a meticulous examination of case studies, cutting-edge research, and practical applications, the book serves as a vital resource for researchers, practitioners, and policymakers alike, fostering a deeper appreciation for the pivotal role catalysis can play in reshaping our approach towards waste management and resource utilization.
Back to Top
Author / Editor Details
Deepti Goyal, PhD is an Assistant Professor in the Department of Applied Chemistry in the School of Vocational Studies and Applied Sciences at Gautam Buddha University. She has published more than 19 articles in international journals and conferences, two patents, two books, and more than 15 book chapters. Her research focuses on material chemistry and catalyst synthesis.
Deepti Goyal, PhD is an Assistant Professor in the Department of Applied Chemistry in the School of Vocational Studies and Applied Sciences at Gautam Buddha University. She has published more than 19 articles in international journals and conferences, two patents, two books, and more than 15 book chapters. Her research focuses on material chemistry and catalyst synthesis.
Sakshi Kabra Malpani, PhD is a publishing associate, researcher, and writer for Save the Water™. She has authored and co-authored more than thirty research papers and book chapters that reflect her research interests in diversified fields. Her research interests include the synthesis of eco-friendly and cost-effective catalysts from solid wastes, synthesis of metal oxide nanoparticles, silica extraction from solid wastes by various methods, green chemical reactions, heterogeneous catalysis, and wastewater remediation.
Renuka Jain, PhD is a Professor at the Government College of Kota, Rajasthan. Her work is evident in the substantial number of authored and co-authored research papers and book chapters that span diverse fields. Her research focuses on the synthesis of environmentally friendly and cost-effective catalysts, showcasing her commitment to sustainable and innovative scientific practices.
Back to Top
Table of Contents
Foreword
Preface
Part I: Introduction to Catalysis
1. Foundations of Catalysis: Understanding the Key Concepts and Mechanisms
Deepti Goyal, Rajesh Kumar Meena and Sakshi Kabra Malpani
1.1 Introduction
1.2 Fundamental Concepts
1.2.1 Activation Energy and Reaction Pathways
1.2.2 Catalyst Mechanism
1.2.3 Catalyst Design
1.2.4 Thermodynamics and Kinetics of Catalysis
1.2.5 Catalyst Deactivation
1.3 Types of Catalysts
1.4 Modern Tools in Catalysis Research
1.4.1 Mathematical Modeling
1.4.2 Computational Chemistry
1.4.3 Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning
1.4.4 Advanced Characterization Techniques
1.5 New Age Catalysts
1.6 Conclusion
References
2. Introduction to Solid Waste-Derived Catalysts
Avinash K. Srivastava, Munsaf Ali and Outi M. Keinänen
2.1 Introduction
2.2 Agricultural and Agro-Industrial Waste
2.2.1 Calcination
2.2.2 Co-Precipitation
2.2.3 Sol-Gel
2.2.4 Hydration-Dehydration
2.2.5 Wet Impregnation
2.2.6 Physical Mixing
2.2.7 Bi-Functional Modification
2.3 Industrial Waste
2.3.1 Pyrolysis
2.3.2 Cracking
2.4 Fly Ash
2.5 Zeolites
2.6 Red Mud
2.7 Conclusion
References
3. Solid Waste as Catalyst Precursors: Types and Current Scenario
Niharika Shringi, Smriti Dwivedi and Anita Kushwaha
3.1 Introduction
3.2 Different Types of Waste-Derived Catalysts
3.2.1 Municipal Waste-Derived Catalysts
3.2.2 Industrial Waste-Derived Catalysts
3.2.3 Agricultural Waste-Derived Catalysts
3.2.4 PET Waste-Derived Catalysts
3.2.5 Food Waste-Derived Calcium Containing Catalysts
3.2.6 E-Waste Derived Catalysts
3.3 Challenges
3.4 Future Perspectives and Recommendations
3.5 Conclusion
References
4. Synthesis Techniques for Solid Waste-Derived Catalysts
Renu Hada, Rajesh Kumar Meena, Vishwajeet Singh Yadav, Deepti Pal, Mamta Gour and Anjali Soni
4.1 Introduction
4.2 Strategies for the Synthesis of Solid Waste-Derived Catalysts
4.2.1 Pyrolysis
4.2.2 Sol-Gel Method
4.2.3 Impregnation Method
4.2.4 Microwave-Assisted Synthesis
4.2.5 Hydrothermal Method
4.2.6 Plasma-Assisted Synthesis
4.3 Conclusion
Acknowledgement
References
5. Characterization Techniques for Solid Waste-Derived Catalysts
Tanvi Vats and Shubhanshi Sharma
5.1 Introduction
5.2 Characterization and Analytical Tools
5.2.1 Surface Area and Porosity Analysis
5.2.2 Morphological and Structural Analysis
5.2.3 Chemical Composition Analysis
5.2.4 Crystalline Structure and Phase Identification
5.2.5 Surface Chemistry and Functional Groups
5.2.6 Catalytic Activity Testing
5.2.7 Thermal Analysis
5.2.8 Spectroscopic Techniques
5.2.9 Chemical Stability Testing and Physical Property Analysis
5.3 Characterization Techniques
5.3.1 Brunauer–Emmet–Teller (BET)
5.3.2 X-Ray Diffraction (XRD)
5.3.3 Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM)
5.3.4 Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM)
5.3.5 Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR)
5.3.6 UV-Vis Spectroscopy
5.3.7 Thermogravimetric Analysis and Differential Scanning Calorimetry (TGA and DSC)
5.4 Conclusion
References
6. Conversion of Different Solid Waste into Heterogeneous Catalysts
Bandita Datta and Shreya Taran
6.1 Introduction
6.2 Red Mud
6.2.1 Properties of Red Mud
6.2.2 Preparation and Activation of Red Mud
6.2.3 Applications for Red Mud
6.2.4 Challenges and Future Prospects
6.3 Fly Ash
6.3.1 Properties of Fly Ash
6.3.2 Preparations and Applications of Fly Ash in Catalysis
6.3.3 Challenges and Future Prospects
6.4 Rice Husk
6.4.1 Properties of Rice Husk Ash
6.4.2 Preparation and Activation of Rice Husk Ash
6.4.3 Applications of Rice Husk Ash in Catalysis
6.4.4 Challenges and Future Prospects
6.5 Chicken Eggshell Ash
6.5.1 Properties of Chicken Eggshell Ash
6.5.2 Preparation and Activation of Chicken Eggshell Ash
6.5.3 Applications of Chicken Eggshell Ash in Catalysis
6.5.4 Challenges and Future Prospects
6.6 Seashells as Heterogeneous Catalysts
6.6.1 Properties of Seashells
6.6.2 Preparation and Activation of Seashell Ash
6.6.3 Applications of Seashell Ash in Catalysis
6.6.4 Challenges and Future Prospects
6.7 Conclusion
References
7. Sustainable Catalysts Derived from Agricultural and Biomass Waste
Sivamani Sivalingam, Dheedshith M. U., Kaviya J. and Lakshmi Aishwarya J. K.
7.1 Introduction
7.2 Carbon-Based Catalysts from Sawdust
7.2.1 Synthesis of Carbon-Based Catalysts from Sawdust
7.2.2 Characterization of Carbon-Based Catalysts from Sawdust
7.2.3 Applications of Carbon-Based Catalysts from Sawdust
7.3 Silica-Based Catalysts from Rice Husk Ash
7.3.1 Methods of Silica Extraction from Rice Husk Ash
7.3.2 Synthesis of Silica Catalysts from Rice Husk Ash
7.3.3 Applications of Silica Catalysts from Rice Husk Ash
7.4 CaO Catalysts from Eggshells
7.4.1 Synthesis of CaO Catalysts from Eggshell
7.4.2 Characterization of CaO Catalysts from Eggshell
7.4.3 Applications of CaO Catalysts from Eggshell
7.5 Advantages of Green Methods over Traditional Techniques
7.5.1 Sustainable Sourcing
7.5.2 Waste Minimization
7.5.3 Energy Efficiency
7.5.4 Safer Operation
7.5.5 Tunable Properties
7.6 Conclusion
Acknowledgment
References
8. Metal, Metal Oxide Catalysts and Beyond: Greener Approaches in Organic Synthesis
T. S. Perundevi
8.1 Introduction
8.2 Green Chemistry or Sustainable Chemistry
8.3 Role of Catalysts
8.4 Classification of Catalysts
8.4.1 Surface Catalysts
8.4.2 Acid-Base Catalysts
8.4.3 Metal Catalysts
8.4.4 Metal Oxide Catalyst
8.4.5 Photocatalysts
8.4.6 Nano Catalysts
8.4.7 Auto Catalysts
8.4.8 Metal Nanoparticles as Green Catalyst
8.5 Conclusion
References
Part II: Solid Waste-Derived Catalysts for Various Applications
9. From Waste to Catalyst: Advancing Green Chemistry with Sustainable Materials
Munsaf Ali, Avinash Kumar Srivastava and Aarif Khan
9.1 Introduction
9.2 Applications of Waste-Derived Catalysts
9.2.1 Hydrogen Production
9.2.2 Oxidation by Waste-Derived Catalysts
9.2.3 Biodiesel Production
9.2.4 Photocatalytic Degradation
9.2.5 Catalytic Cracking and Pyrolysis
9.2.6 Catalytic Biomass Valorization
9.3 Summary and Future Perspective
References
10. Waste-Derived Catalysts in Energy Applications: Prospects and Challenges for Green Hydrogen Production
Amina Shehbaz, Abdul Majid and Alia Jabeen
10.1 Introduction
10.2 Methods for Conversion of Waste into Valuable Catalysts
10.2.1 Pyrolysis
10.2.2 Electrochemical Method
10.2.3 Wet-Chemical Methods
10.2.4 Microwave Synthesis and Beyond
10.3 Waste-Derived Catalysts for Water Electrolysis
10.3.1 Mechanism of Water Electrolysis
10.3.2 Designing Efficient Photo-Catalysts for Wastewater Treatment
10.4 Waste-Derived Catalysts for the Evolution of Hydrogen
10.4.1 Catalysts Based on Carbon
10.4.2 Biomass-Derived Carbon Catalysts
10.4.3 Plastic Waste-Derived Carbon Catalysts
10.4.4 Industrial Waste-Based Carbon Catalysts
10.4.5 Catalysts Based on Metals
10.4.6 Transition Metal Oxide and Hydroxide Catalysts
10.4.7 E-Waste Derived Catalysts
10.4.8 Heterostructure Catalysts
10.5 Waste-Derived Catalysts for Evolution of Oxygen
10.5.1 Carbon-Based Catalysts
10.5.2 Transition Metal-Based Catalysts
10.5.3 Heterostructure-Based Catalysts
10.5.4 Bifunctional Catalysts
10.6 Conclusion
References
11. Sustainable Synthesis of Nano-Zeolite Catalysts from Industrial Waste with Insights from Machine Learning
Sivamani Sivalingam, Niranjan R. and Srinidhi V.
11.1 Introduction
11.2 Nano-Zeolite Catalysts
11.2.1 Industrial Wastes for Synthesis of Nano-Zeolites
11.2.2 Methods for Synthesis of Nano-Zeolite from Silica Enriched Waste
11.2.3 Utilization of Different Raw Materials
11.2.4 Post-Synthesis Modification of Zeolite
11.2.5 Applications of Nano-Zeolites
11.3 Machine Learning-Based Material Screening
11.3.1 Mechanism of ML
11.3.2 Machine Learning Applications in Material Screening
11.3.3 Inverse Material Design
11.3.4 Material Design
11.4 Conclusions
Acknowledgements
References
12. Waste-Derived Catalysts: A Way to Speed Up Environmental Remediation
Suvojit Maity, Soham Sarkar, Subhamoy Banerjee, Tina De and Ruchira Mukherjee
12.1 Introduction
12.2 Past Explorations into the World of Waste-Derived Catalysts
12.2.1 Expansion and Diversification
12.2.2 Technological Advances
12.2.3 Current Works on Waste-Derived Catalysts
12.3 Quality of Waste-Derived Catalysts
12.3.1 Sustainability
12.3.2 Cost Effectiveness
12.3.3 Tailored Properties
12.3.4 Efficiency
12.3.5 Environmental Benefits
12.4 Need for Waste-Derived Catalysts
12.4.1 Environmental Sustainability
12.4.2 Waste Management
12.4.3 Environmental Benefits
12.4.4 Advancing the Circular Economy
12.4.5 Enhancing Catalytic Processes
12.5 Applications of Waste-Derived Catalysts
12.6 Differences between Existing and Waste-Derived Catalysts
12.6.1 Sourcing and Material Origin
12.6.2 Environmental Impact
12.6.3 Economic Considerations
12.6.4 Performance and Application
12.6.5 Enhancing Catalytic Processes
12.7 Types of Waste-Derived Catalysts
12.7.1 Biomass-Derived Catalysts
12.7.2 Industrial Byproduct-Derived Catalysts
12.7.3 Solid Waste-Derived Catalysts
12.7.4 Electronic Waste-Derived Catalysts
12.8 Sources of Waste-Derived Catalyst
12.8.1 Biochar
12.8.2 Coal Fly Ash
12.9 Impedances in the Development of Waste-Derived Catalysts
12.10 Future Development and Aspects of Waste-Derived Catalysts
12.11 Conclusion
References
13. Waste-Derived Catalysts Paving the Way to a Circular Economy: Advancing Sustainable Solutions
Amita Somya, Anish Khan and Amit Prakash Varshney
13.1 Introduction
13.2 Strategies for Transforming Waste into Functional Materials
13.2.1 Thermal Decomposition Techniques
13.2.2 Sol-Gel Technique
13.2.3 Complex Co-Precipitation Technique
13.2.4 Enhanced Ball Milling Technique
13.3 Applications of Waste-Derived Catalysts in Wastewater Treatment
13.3.1 Degradation of Organic Pollutants
13.3.2 Degradation of Inorganic Pollutants
13.3.3 Photocatalytic Degradation of Pollutants
13.3.4 Electrical Degradation of Pollutants
13.3.5 Advanced Oxidation Processes
13.4 Challenges
13.5 Future Scope
13.6 Conclusion
Acknowledgements
References
14. Conventional and Data-Driven Solid Waste Management Strategies
M. Shabeena Begam, Mohammad Faiz Afzal, Pawan Devidas Meshram, Kuldeep Agnihotri, Manu Vasudevan Unni, Amar Chipade and V. Bhoopathy
14.1 Introduction
14.2 Management Strategies for Solid Waste
14.3 Types of Waste
14.3.1 Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) Waste
14.3.2 Medical Waste
14.3.3 Municipal Solid Waste (MSW)
14.4 Recycling and Material Recovery
14.4.1 Collection
14.4.2 Specification of Market
14.4.3 Floor for Tipping
14.5 Composting and Organic Waste Management
14.6 Conventional Waste Disposal Methods
14.6.1 Waste Disposal through River and Ocean Dumping
14.6.2 Open Dump Waste Disposal
14.6.3 Animal Consumption
14.6.4 Sanitary Landfills
14.6.5 Compost
14.6.6 Incineration
14.6.7 The Deep-Well Injection Method
14.7 Waste-to-Energy (WTE) Technology
14.7.1 Gasification
14.7.2 Pyrolysis
14.7.3 Incineration
14.8 Policy and Regulatory Framework
14.9 Role of Modern Technologies
14.10 Case Studies
14.10.1 Study Case 1: Tokyo’s Waste Management Model: Public-Private Partnership (PPP) Power
14.10.2 Study Case 2: Sustainable Energy Initiative in Serbia: Kladovo’s First Solar Power Plants (SPP)
14.10.3 Study Case 3: P4G: Global Goals 2030 and Partnering for Green Growth
14.11 Challenges and Future Direction
14.12 Conclusion
References
15. Unlocking the Value of Solid Waste: Challenges and Opportunities
Niharika Shringi
15.1 Introduction
15.2 Solid Waste Generation Scenario (Global and Indian)
15.3 Challenges in Solid Waste Management
15.3.1 Policy and Regulatory Gaps: Lack of Strict Enforcement and Fragmented Policies
15.3.2 Infrastructure Deficiencies: Insufficient Waste Collection, Segregation, and Recycling Facilities
15.3.3 Public Awareness and Behavior: Low Participation in Waste Segregation and Sustainable Disposal
15.4 Opportunities and Potential Solutions
15.4.1 Circular Economy Approach: Promoting Recycling, Upcycling, and Zero-Waste Initiatives
15.4.2 Government Initiatives and Policies (Global and Indian): Swachh Bharat Abhiyan, Extended Producer Responsibility (EPR), Waste-to-Wealth Mission
15.4.3 Technological Innovations: Applications of AI, IoT, and Machine Learning in Waste Management
15.4.4 Role of Startups and Private Sector: Waste Management Startups and Business Models for Sustainability
15.4.5 Community Engagement: Citizen Participation, Awareness Campaigns, and Behavioral Shifts
15.5 Case Studies and Success Stories
15.6 Future Roadmap for Sustainable Waste Management
References
Index
Back to Top
Foreword
Preface
Part I: Introduction to Catalysis
1. Foundations of Catalysis: Understanding the Key Concepts and Mechanisms
Deepti Goyal, Rajesh Kumar Meena and Sakshi Kabra Malpani
1.1 Introduction
1.2 Fundamental Concepts
1.2.1 Activation Energy and Reaction Pathways
1.2.2 Catalyst Mechanism
1.2.3 Catalyst Design
1.2.4 Thermodynamics and Kinetics of Catalysis
1.2.5 Catalyst Deactivation
1.3 Types of Catalysts
1.4 Modern Tools in Catalysis Research
1.4.1 Mathematical Modeling
1.4.2 Computational Chemistry
1.4.3 Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning
1.4.4 Advanced Characterization Techniques
1.5 New Age Catalysts
1.6 Conclusion
References
2. Introduction to Solid Waste-Derived Catalysts
Avinash K. Srivastava, Munsaf Ali and Outi M. Keinänen
2.1 Introduction
2.2 Agricultural and Agro-Industrial Waste
2.2.1 Calcination
2.2.2 Co-Precipitation
2.2.3 Sol-Gel
2.2.4 Hydration-Dehydration
2.2.5 Wet Impregnation
2.2.6 Physical Mixing
2.2.7 Bi-Functional Modification
2.3 Industrial Waste
2.3.1 Pyrolysis
2.3.2 Cracking
2.4 Fly Ash
2.5 Zeolites
2.6 Red Mud
2.7 Conclusion
References
3. Solid Waste as Catalyst Precursors: Types and Current Scenario
Niharika Shringi, Smriti Dwivedi and Anita Kushwaha
3.1 Introduction
3.2 Different Types of Waste-Derived Catalysts
3.2.1 Municipal Waste-Derived Catalysts
3.2.2 Industrial Waste-Derived Catalysts
3.2.3 Agricultural Waste-Derived Catalysts
3.2.4 PET Waste-Derived Catalysts
3.2.5 Food Waste-Derived Calcium Containing Catalysts
3.2.6 E-Waste Derived Catalysts
3.3 Challenges
3.4 Future Perspectives and Recommendations
3.5 Conclusion
References
4. Synthesis Techniques for Solid Waste-Derived Catalysts
Renu Hada, Rajesh Kumar Meena, Vishwajeet Singh Yadav, Deepti Pal, Mamta Gour and Anjali Soni
4.1 Introduction
4.2 Strategies for the Synthesis of Solid Waste-Derived Catalysts
4.2.1 Pyrolysis
4.2.2 Sol-Gel Method
4.2.3 Impregnation Method
4.2.4 Microwave-Assisted Synthesis
4.2.5 Hydrothermal Method
4.2.6 Plasma-Assisted Synthesis
4.3 Conclusion
Acknowledgement
References
5. Characterization Techniques for Solid Waste-Derived Catalysts
Tanvi Vats and Shubhanshi Sharma
5.1 Introduction
5.2 Characterization and Analytical Tools
5.2.1 Surface Area and Porosity Analysis
5.2.2 Morphological and Structural Analysis
5.2.3 Chemical Composition Analysis
5.2.4 Crystalline Structure and Phase Identification
5.2.5 Surface Chemistry and Functional Groups
5.2.6 Catalytic Activity Testing
5.2.7 Thermal Analysis
5.2.8 Spectroscopic Techniques
5.2.9 Chemical Stability Testing and Physical Property Analysis
5.3 Characterization Techniques
5.3.1 Brunauer–Emmet–Teller (BET)
5.3.2 X-Ray Diffraction (XRD)
5.3.3 Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM)
5.3.4 Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM)
5.3.5 Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR)
5.3.6 UV-Vis Spectroscopy
5.3.7 Thermogravimetric Analysis and Differential Scanning Calorimetry (TGA and DSC)
5.4 Conclusion
References
6. Conversion of Different Solid Waste into Heterogeneous Catalysts
Bandita Datta and Shreya Taran
6.1 Introduction
6.2 Red Mud
6.2.1 Properties of Red Mud
6.2.2 Preparation and Activation of Red Mud
6.2.3 Applications for Red Mud
6.2.4 Challenges and Future Prospects
6.3 Fly Ash
6.3.1 Properties of Fly Ash
6.3.2 Preparations and Applications of Fly Ash in Catalysis
6.3.3 Challenges and Future Prospects
6.4 Rice Husk
6.4.1 Properties of Rice Husk Ash
6.4.2 Preparation and Activation of Rice Husk Ash
6.4.3 Applications of Rice Husk Ash in Catalysis
6.4.4 Challenges and Future Prospects
6.5 Chicken Eggshell Ash
6.5.1 Properties of Chicken Eggshell Ash
6.5.2 Preparation and Activation of Chicken Eggshell Ash
6.5.3 Applications of Chicken Eggshell Ash in Catalysis
6.5.4 Challenges and Future Prospects
6.6 Seashells as Heterogeneous Catalysts
6.6.1 Properties of Seashells
6.6.2 Preparation and Activation of Seashell Ash
6.6.3 Applications of Seashell Ash in Catalysis
6.6.4 Challenges and Future Prospects
6.7 Conclusion
References
7. Sustainable Catalysts Derived from Agricultural and Biomass Waste
Sivamani Sivalingam, Dheedshith M. U., Kaviya J. and Lakshmi Aishwarya J. K.
7.1 Introduction
7.2 Carbon-Based Catalysts from Sawdust
7.2.1 Synthesis of Carbon-Based Catalysts from Sawdust
7.2.2 Characterization of Carbon-Based Catalysts from Sawdust
7.2.3 Applications of Carbon-Based Catalysts from Sawdust
7.3 Silica-Based Catalysts from Rice Husk Ash
7.3.1 Methods of Silica Extraction from Rice Husk Ash
7.3.2 Synthesis of Silica Catalysts from Rice Husk Ash
7.3.3 Applications of Silica Catalysts from Rice Husk Ash
7.4 CaO Catalysts from Eggshells
7.4.1 Synthesis of CaO Catalysts from Eggshell
7.4.2 Characterization of CaO Catalysts from Eggshell
7.4.3 Applications of CaO Catalysts from Eggshell
7.5 Advantages of Green Methods over Traditional Techniques
7.5.1 Sustainable Sourcing
7.5.2 Waste Minimization
7.5.3 Energy Efficiency
7.5.4 Safer Operation
7.5.5 Tunable Properties
7.6 Conclusion
Acknowledgment
References
8. Metal, Metal Oxide Catalysts and Beyond: Greener Approaches in Organic Synthesis
T. S. Perundevi
8.1 Introduction
8.2 Green Chemistry or Sustainable Chemistry
8.3 Role of Catalysts
8.4 Classification of Catalysts
8.4.1 Surface Catalysts
8.4.2 Acid-Base Catalysts
8.4.3 Metal Catalysts
8.4.4 Metal Oxide Catalyst
8.4.5 Photocatalysts
8.4.6 Nano Catalysts
8.4.7 Auto Catalysts
8.4.8 Metal Nanoparticles as Green Catalyst
8.5 Conclusion
References
Part II: Solid Waste-Derived Catalysts for Various Applications
9. From Waste to Catalyst: Advancing Green Chemistry with Sustainable Materials
Munsaf Ali, Avinash Kumar Srivastava and Aarif Khan
9.1 Introduction
9.2 Applications of Waste-Derived Catalysts
9.2.1 Hydrogen Production
9.2.2 Oxidation by Waste-Derived Catalysts
9.2.3 Biodiesel Production
9.2.4 Photocatalytic Degradation
9.2.5 Catalytic Cracking and Pyrolysis
9.2.6 Catalytic Biomass Valorization
9.3 Summary and Future Perspective
References
10. Waste-Derived Catalysts in Energy Applications: Prospects and Challenges for Green Hydrogen Production
Amina Shehbaz, Abdul Majid and Alia Jabeen
10.1 Introduction
10.2 Methods for Conversion of Waste into Valuable Catalysts
10.2.1 Pyrolysis
10.2.2 Electrochemical Method
10.2.3 Wet-Chemical Methods
10.2.4 Microwave Synthesis and Beyond
10.3 Waste-Derived Catalysts for Water Electrolysis
10.3.1 Mechanism of Water Electrolysis
10.3.2 Designing Efficient Photo-Catalysts for Wastewater Treatment
10.4 Waste-Derived Catalysts for the Evolution of Hydrogen
10.4.1 Catalysts Based on Carbon
10.4.2 Biomass-Derived Carbon Catalysts
10.4.3 Plastic Waste-Derived Carbon Catalysts
10.4.4 Industrial Waste-Based Carbon Catalysts
10.4.5 Catalysts Based on Metals
10.4.6 Transition Metal Oxide and Hydroxide Catalysts
10.4.7 E-Waste Derived Catalysts
10.4.8 Heterostructure Catalysts
10.5 Waste-Derived Catalysts for Evolution of Oxygen
10.5.1 Carbon-Based Catalysts
10.5.2 Transition Metal-Based Catalysts
10.5.3 Heterostructure-Based Catalysts
10.5.4 Bifunctional Catalysts
10.6 Conclusion
References
11. Sustainable Synthesis of Nano-Zeolite Catalysts from Industrial Waste with Insights from Machine Learning
Sivamani Sivalingam, Niranjan R. and Srinidhi V.
11.1 Introduction
11.2 Nano-Zeolite Catalysts
11.2.1 Industrial Wastes for Synthesis of Nano-Zeolites
11.2.2 Methods for Synthesis of Nano-Zeolite from Silica Enriched Waste
11.2.3 Utilization of Different Raw Materials
11.2.4 Post-Synthesis Modification of Zeolite
11.2.5 Applications of Nano-Zeolites
11.3 Machine Learning-Based Material Screening
11.3.1 Mechanism of ML
11.3.2 Machine Learning Applications in Material Screening
11.3.3 Inverse Material Design
11.3.4 Material Design
11.4 Conclusions
Acknowledgements
References
12. Waste-Derived Catalysts: A Way to Speed Up Environmental Remediation
Suvojit Maity, Soham Sarkar, Subhamoy Banerjee, Tina De and Ruchira Mukherjee
12.1 Introduction
12.2 Past Explorations into the World of Waste-Derived Catalysts
12.2.1 Expansion and Diversification
12.2.2 Technological Advances
12.2.3 Current Works on Waste-Derived Catalysts
12.3 Quality of Waste-Derived Catalysts
12.3.1 Sustainability
12.3.2 Cost Effectiveness
12.3.3 Tailored Properties
12.3.4 Efficiency
12.3.5 Environmental Benefits
12.4 Need for Waste-Derived Catalysts
12.4.1 Environmental Sustainability
12.4.2 Waste Management
12.4.3 Environmental Benefits
12.4.4 Advancing the Circular Economy
12.4.5 Enhancing Catalytic Processes
12.5 Applications of Waste-Derived Catalysts
12.6 Differences between Existing and Waste-Derived Catalysts
12.6.1 Sourcing and Material Origin
12.6.2 Environmental Impact
12.6.3 Economic Considerations
12.6.4 Performance and Application
12.6.5 Enhancing Catalytic Processes
12.7 Types of Waste-Derived Catalysts
12.7.1 Biomass-Derived Catalysts
12.7.2 Industrial Byproduct-Derived Catalysts
12.7.3 Solid Waste-Derived Catalysts
12.7.4 Electronic Waste-Derived Catalysts
12.8 Sources of Waste-Derived Catalyst
12.8.1 Biochar
12.8.2 Coal Fly Ash
12.9 Impedances in the Development of Waste-Derived Catalysts
12.10 Future Development and Aspects of Waste-Derived Catalysts
12.11 Conclusion
References
13. Waste-Derived Catalysts Paving the Way to a Circular Economy: Advancing Sustainable Solutions
Amita Somya, Anish Khan and Amit Prakash Varshney
13.1 Introduction
13.2 Strategies for Transforming Waste into Functional Materials
13.2.1 Thermal Decomposition Techniques
13.2.2 Sol-Gel Technique
13.2.3 Complex Co-Precipitation Technique
13.2.4 Enhanced Ball Milling Technique
13.3 Applications of Waste-Derived Catalysts in Wastewater Treatment
13.3.1 Degradation of Organic Pollutants
13.3.2 Degradation of Inorganic Pollutants
13.3.3 Photocatalytic Degradation of Pollutants
13.3.4 Electrical Degradation of Pollutants
13.3.5 Advanced Oxidation Processes
13.4 Challenges
13.5 Future Scope
13.6 Conclusion
Acknowledgements
References
14. Conventional and Data-Driven Solid Waste Management Strategies
M. Shabeena Begam, Mohammad Faiz Afzal, Pawan Devidas Meshram, Kuldeep Agnihotri, Manu Vasudevan Unni, Amar Chipade and V. Bhoopathy
14.1 Introduction
14.2 Management Strategies for Solid Waste
14.3 Types of Waste
14.3.1 Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) Waste
14.3.2 Medical Waste
14.3.3 Municipal Solid Waste (MSW)
14.4 Recycling and Material Recovery
14.4.1 Collection
14.4.2 Specification of Market
14.4.3 Floor for Tipping
14.5 Composting and Organic Waste Management
14.6 Conventional Waste Disposal Methods
14.6.1 Waste Disposal through River and Ocean Dumping
14.6.2 Open Dump Waste Disposal
14.6.3 Animal Consumption
14.6.4 Sanitary Landfills
14.6.5 Compost
14.6.6 Incineration
14.6.7 The Deep-Well Injection Method
14.7 Waste-to-Energy (WTE) Technology
14.7.1 Gasification
14.7.2 Pyrolysis
14.7.3 Incineration
14.8 Policy and Regulatory Framework
14.9 Role of Modern Technologies
14.10 Case Studies
14.10.1 Study Case 1: Tokyo’s Waste Management Model: Public-Private Partnership (PPP) Power
14.10.2 Study Case 2: Sustainable Energy Initiative in Serbia: Kladovo’s First Solar Power Plants (SPP)
14.10.3 Study Case 3: P4G: Global Goals 2030 and Partnering for Green Growth
14.11 Challenges and Future Direction
14.12 Conclusion
References
15. Unlocking the Value of Solid Waste: Challenges and Opportunities
Niharika Shringi
15.1 Introduction
15.2 Solid Waste Generation Scenario (Global and Indian)
15.3 Challenges in Solid Waste Management
15.3.1 Policy and Regulatory Gaps: Lack of Strict Enforcement and Fragmented Policies
15.3.2 Infrastructure Deficiencies: Insufficient Waste Collection, Segregation, and Recycling Facilities
15.3.3 Public Awareness and Behavior: Low Participation in Waste Segregation and Sustainable Disposal
15.4 Opportunities and Potential Solutions
15.4.1 Circular Economy Approach: Promoting Recycling, Upcycling, and Zero-Waste Initiatives
15.4.2 Government Initiatives and Policies (Global and Indian): Swachh Bharat Abhiyan, Extended Producer Responsibility (EPR), Waste-to-Wealth Mission
15.4.3 Technological Innovations: Applications of AI, IoT, and Machine Learning in Waste Management
15.4.4 Role of Startups and Private Sector: Waste Management Startups and Business Models for Sustainability
15.4.5 Community Engagement: Citizen Participation, Awareness Campaigns, and Behavioral Shifts
15.5 Case Studies and Success Stories
15.6 Future Roadmap for Sustainable Waste Management
References
Index
Back to Top