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Submit a ProposalSustainable Resource Development
 | By Gary G. Zatzman Copyright: 2013 | Status: Published ISBN: 9781118290392 | Hardcover | 530 pages Price: $195 USD  |
One Line Description
Taking a new, fresh look at how the energy industry and we, as a planet, are developing our energy resources, this book looks at what is right and wrong about energy resource development, aiding engineers and scientists in achieving a true sustainability in this field, both from an economic and environmental perspective.
Audience
Engineers, managers, economists, and scientists throughout the energy industry and economists and engineers working in sustainability, whether in industry or research.
Engineers, managers, economists, and scientists throughout the energy industry and economists and engineers working in sustainability, whether in industry or research.
Description
“True sustainability” is the line of engineering research and practice that is giving rise to a series of Scrivener textbooks, such as Khan & Islam’s best-selling The Greening of Petroleum Operations. Making explicit reference to his own recently-published book in this series, Sustainable Energy Pricing, as the companion volume of this book, the author applies the principles of true economic sustainability developed there to re-examine actual engineering practices in fossil fuel and as well as alternative-energy (such as wind and tidal power) exploration and development.
One of the book’s original features is its analysis of what is deficient in the thinking and analytical frameworks that inform actual engineering work done out in the field. The author believes the failure of certain prominent thinkers to address the real issues of true sustainability forms part of the core of the contemporary crisis in energy and other resource development. From this standpoint, and in painstaking and comprehensive detail, he challenges the reasoning and conclusions published by theorists of what is called “peak oil,” and by scholars responsible for Nobel Prize-winning work in the field of information economics.
Explicitly linking an informed understanding of the actual role of the Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC) to any serious effort to renew the foundations of resource development engineering practices on a truly sustainable basis, this book also breaks sharply with the generally negative opinion of OPEC widely expressed in North America. Its discussion of various aspects of OPEC’s history and overall approach is right up to date, including a Postscript that frames the overthrow and death of the late Col. Ghaddafi of Libya on 20 October 2011 as the act that brought the curtain down on “the third war since 1991 to be led from the U.S. against an OPEC member-state.”
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“True sustainability” is the line of engineering research and practice that is giving rise to a series of Scrivener textbooks, such as Khan & Islam’s best-selling The Greening of Petroleum Operations. Making explicit reference to his own recently-published book in this series, Sustainable Energy Pricing, as the companion volume of this book, the author applies the principles of true economic sustainability developed there to re-examine actual engineering practices in fossil fuel and as well as alternative-energy (such as wind and tidal power) exploration and development.
One of the book’s original features is its analysis of what is deficient in the thinking and analytical frameworks that inform actual engineering work done out in the field. The author believes the failure of certain prominent thinkers to address the real issues of true sustainability forms part of the core of the contemporary crisis in energy and other resource development. From this standpoint, and in painstaking and comprehensive detail, he challenges the reasoning and conclusions published by theorists of what is called “peak oil,” and by scholars responsible for Nobel Prize-winning work in the field of information economics.
Explicitly linking an informed understanding of the actual role of the Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC) to any serious effort to renew the foundations of resource development engineering practices on a truly sustainable basis, this book also breaks sharply with the generally negative opinion of OPEC widely expressed in North America. Its discussion of various aspects of OPEC’s history and overall approach is right up to date, including a Postscript that frames the overthrow and death of the late Col. Ghaddafi of Libya on 20 October 2011 as the act that brought the curtain down on “the third war since 1991 to be led from the U.S. against an OPEC member-state.”
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Author / Editor Details
Gary Zatzman is a researcher with the EEC Research Organisation, a multinational community of researchers from various fields in engineering, social science and the natural sciences researching ways for industry to become sustainable, both from an economic and environmental standpoint. With decades of industry and teaching experience and dozens of papers and books to his credit, the author is one of the world’s foremost authorities on sustainability in the energy sector.
Gary Zatzman is a researcher with the EEC Research Organisation, a multinational community of researchers from various fields in engineering, social science and the natural sciences researching ways for industry to become sustainable, both from an economic and environmental standpoint. With decades of industry and teaching experience and dozens of papers and books to his credit, the author is one of the world’s foremost authorities on sustainability in the energy sector.
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Table of Contents
Acknowledgements xiii
Preface xv
Introduction xvii
1 A True Sustainability Criterion and Its Implications 1
1.1 Introduction 1
1.2 Importance of a Sustainability Criterion 3
1.3 Criterion: The Switch that Determines Direction at
a Bifurcation Point 8
1.3.1 Some Applications of the Criterion 11
1.4 Current Practices in Petroleum Engineering 16
1.4.1 Problems of Current Operations 17
1.4.2 Problems in Technological Development 21
1.5 Development of a Sustainable Model 24
1.6 Violation of Characteristic Time 26
1.7 Analogies with Physical Phenomena 31
1.8 Intangible Cause to Tangible Consequence 32
1.9 Removable Discontinuities: Phases
and Renewability of Materials 34
1.10 Rebalancing Mass and Energy 35
1.11 Holes in the Current Energy Model 37
1.11.1 Supplementing the Mass Balance Equation 38
1.12 Tools Needed for Sustainable Petroleum Operations 40
1.13 Conditions of Sustainability 43
1.14 Sustainability Indicators 44
1.15 Assessing the Overall Performance
of a Process 46
vi Contents
2 Alternative -- and Conventional Energy Sources:
Trail-Mix, Tom Mix or Global Mixup? 59
2.1 Introduction 63
2.2 Global Energy Scenario 68
2.2.1 The Whole-Earth Catalog of
All Energy Sources 68
2.2.2 The Catalog of Alternatives to Fossil Fuel 72
2.3 Solar Energy 74
2.4 Hydroelectric Power 78
2.5 Ocean Thermal, Wave and Tidal Energy 79
2.6 Wind Energy 80
2.7 Bioenergy 82
2.8 Fuelwood 82
2.9 Bioethanol 83
2.10 Biodiesel 86
2.11 Nuclear Power 88
2.12 Geothermal Energy 91
2.13 Hydrogen Energy 92
2.14 Global Effi ciency 94
2.15 Solar Energy 95
2.15.1 Solar Energy to Electricity Conversion 95
2.15.1.1 PV Cells 95
2.15.1.2 Battery Life-Cycle
in Photovoltaic Systems 98
2.15.1.3 Compact Fluorescent Lamp 99
2.15.2 Global Effi ciency of the Direct Application
of Solar Energy 100
2.15.2.1 Global Effi ciency of a Steam Power
Plant to Cooling System 104
2.15.3 Combined-Cycle Technology 105
2.15.4 Hydroelectricity to Electric Stove 106
2.15.5 Global Effi ciency of Biomass Energy 107
2.15.6 Global Effi ciency of Nuclear Power 112
2.16 Global Warming -- 113
2.16.1 Carbon Dioxide and Global Warming 113
2.16.2 Nuclear Energy and Global Warming 114
2.17 Impact of Energy Technology and Policy 117
Contents vii
2.18 Energy Demand in Emerging Economies 119
2.19 Conventional Global Energy Model 120
2.20 Renewable vs Non-renewable: Is There
a Boundary? 121
2.21 Knowledge-Enriched Global Energy Model 126
2.22 Conclusions 128
3 Electricity and Sustainability 131
3.1 Electrical Power as the World-- Premier
Non-Primary Energy Source 131
3.2 Consequences of the Ubiquity
of Electric Power Services 143
3.2.1 The R-D-R--‚¬² Cycle 143
3.2.2 Electrical Services as a Private Monopoly,
in Light of the R-D-R--‚¬² Cycle 146
3.3 The Last Twenty Years of
Electrical Services Reform -- in the United States 150
Document 153
Introduction 153
A. History of the U.S. Electric Power Industry,
1882 -- 1991 155
Beginnings: 1882 -- 1900 155
Era of Private Utilities: 1901 -- 1932 156
Emergence of Federal Power: 1933 -- 1950 158
1933 -- 1941 158
1942 -- 1950 159
Utility Prosperity: 1951 -- 1970 161
The 1950s 161
The 1960s 162
Years of Challenge: 1971 -- 1984 163
The 1970s 163
The Early 1980s 165
Non-Utility Growth: The Late 1980s 167
4 The Zero-Waste Concept and Its Applications 169
Part A. Petroleum Engineering Applications 169
viii Contents
4.1 Introduction 170
4.2 Petroleum Refi ning 172
4.2.1 Zero-Waste Approach To Refi ning Processes 181
4.3 Zero-Waste Impacts on Product Life Cycle
(Transportation, Use, and End-of-Life) 193
4.4 No-Flaring Technique 194
4.4.1 Solid-Liquid Separation 195
4.4.2 Liquid-Liquid Separation 198
4.4.3 Gas-Gas Separation 201
4.4.4 Overall Plan of No-Flare Design 205
Part B. Other Applications of the --‚¬ËœZero-Waste--‚¬„¢ Principle 205
4.5 Zero-Waste Living and the An --robic Biodigester 205
Estimation of the Biogas and Ammonia Production 207
4.6 Solar Aquatic Process Purifi es Waste
(including Desal -- inated) Water 209
4.6.1 The Solar Aquatic Process 210
4.7 Last Word 212
Document 213
Editor-- Introduction to a Semi-Offi cial View
of U.S. Petroleum Refi nery Waste and
Waste-Regulation Practices 213
Comments on EPA-- Handling Since 1995
of the Regulation of Refi nery Wastes 215
Section I. Introduction 216
A. Description of the Commenters 216
B. Summary of the Comments 218
C. Accompanying and Referenced Reports 220
Section II. The Noda Groundwater Risk Assessment 221
A. Ineffectiveness of the TCLP on
Oily/Tarry Wastes 221
B. TCLP Fails to Account for Co-disposal
with Solvents or Oils 228
C. Failure to Consider Impacts of Existing
Groundwater Contamination 233
Additional Observations 238
D. Arbitrarily Short Landfi ll Active Life 240
Contents ix
E. Inadequate Consideration of Co-Disposal 245
1. The Co-disposal of Individual Wastes
at Offsite Landfi lls 246
Additional Observations 247
2. Co-disposal of Wastes Covered
by Listing Determination
and Related Study 248
3. The Co-Disposal of Wastes
Not Covered by the
Listing Determination and Related Study 250
F. Location of Receptor Well Outside
the Plume Centerline 251
G. Landfi ll Area 252
H. Improper Consideration of Air Dried Samples 255
I. Impact of Selected Groundwater Modeling
Revisions 257
Additional Observations 258
J. Inappropriate TC Capped Modeling 260
Section III. The Noda LTU Risk Assessment 264
Section IV. Waste Management Practices
Not Assessed 270
Section V. Exclusion for Oil-Bearing Materials Inserted Into
Coker 276
Section VI. Headworks Exemption 281
Section VII. Individual Waste Listing Determinations 284
A. Crude Oil Storage Tank Sludge 284
B. CSO Sludge 285
C. Unleaded Gasoline Storage Tank Sludge 286
D. Off-Spec Products and Fines from
Thermal Processes 288
E. HF Alkylation Sludge 290
F. Hydrotreating/Hydrorefi ning Catalyst 291
Section VIII. Conclusion 292
5 Natural Gas 293
5.1 Introduction 293
x Contents
5.2 Divergence of Energy Commodity Pricing
From Laws of Supply and Demand 303
5.3 Sustainability and the Increasing Fascination
with Natural Gas 307
5.3.1 Is natural gas always either
non-renewable -- and-or fossil -- --or has there
been a failure to renew thinking,
followed by fossilization of view? 307
5.4 Natural Gas Pricing, Markets, Risk Management,
and Supply 311
5.4.1 Some ongoing features of natural gas pricing
in the U.S 311
5.4.2 The Regulation-Deregulation Nexus 314
5.4.3 Derivatives, risk management, --
and volatilization of energy
commodity pricing 317
5.4.4 North American supplies of natural gas 320
5.4.5 Signifi cant historical features of
natural gas--‚¬„¢ increased profi le
in US domestic energy consumption 324
5.5 Natural Gas in Eurasia 328
5.6 Nature As The New Model 333
5.6.1 Greater and Deeper Research is Needed
into the Way out of the Present Crisis
and the Way Forward 333
Documents 343
A. Canadian Gas Exports And Imports 344
A.1 Analysis of the Data of Reality 344
A.2 Overview ---- 2007 349
A.3 Exports 350
A.4 Imports 350
A.5 Prices And Revenues 350
A.6 Outlook 351
B. The Unnatural History of a Natural Monopoly -- 352
6 OPEC ---- The Organization of
Petroleum Exporting Countries 359
6.1 BIRTHMARKS ---- The First Twenty Years 359
Contents xi
6.2 OPEC-- Hard Choices in the Era
of the Bush Doctrine 367
6.3 Monopoly, Cartel, Rentier ----
or Instrumentality for Economic Independence? 380
6.4 Postscript (Friday 21 October 2011) 400
7 Concluding Remarks 405
Appendix 409
The Economics of Information and the Intentions
and Myopia of Professor Joseph Stiglitz 409
Opening Comment 409
A.1 Taking Economics Backward As Science 416
A2 Developing A Theory Of Marginal Information
Utility Based On The Alternative Approach
Of Beginning With Highly Simplifi ed,
Quite Concrete Models -- 418
A3 Imperfections of Information, or Oligopoly
and Monopoly? 426
A4 Afterword 435
Bibliography 443
Introductory Note 443
I. Bibliography 445
Back to Top
Acknowledgements xiii
Preface xv
Introduction xvii
1 A True Sustainability Criterion and Its Implications 1
1.1 Introduction 1
1.2 Importance of a Sustainability Criterion 3
1.3 Criterion: The Switch that Determines Direction at
a Bifurcation Point 8
1.3.1 Some Applications of the Criterion 11
1.4 Current Practices in Petroleum Engineering 16
1.4.1 Problems of Current Operations 17
1.4.2 Problems in Technological Development 21
1.5 Development of a Sustainable Model 24
1.6 Violation of Characteristic Time 26
1.7 Analogies with Physical Phenomena 31
1.8 Intangible Cause to Tangible Consequence 32
1.9 Removable Discontinuities: Phases
and Renewability of Materials 34
1.10 Rebalancing Mass and Energy 35
1.11 Holes in the Current Energy Model 37
1.11.1 Supplementing the Mass Balance Equation 38
1.12 Tools Needed for Sustainable Petroleum Operations 40
1.13 Conditions of Sustainability 43
1.14 Sustainability Indicators 44
1.15 Assessing the Overall Performance
of a Process 46
vi Contents
2 Alternative -- and Conventional Energy Sources:
Trail-Mix, Tom Mix or Global Mixup? 59
2.1 Introduction 63
2.2 Global Energy Scenario 68
2.2.1 The Whole-Earth Catalog of
All Energy Sources 68
2.2.2 The Catalog of Alternatives to Fossil Fuel 72
2.3 Solar Energy 74
2.4 Hydroelectric Power 78
2.5 Ocean Thermal, Wave and Tidal Energy 79
2.6 Wind Energy 80
2.7 Bioenergy 82
2.8 Fuelwood 82
2.9 Bioethanol 83
2.10 Biodiesel 86
2.11 Nuclear Power 88
2.12 Geothermal Energy 91
2.13 Hydrogen Energy 92
2.14 Global Effi ciency 94
2.15 Solar Energy 95
2.15.1 Solar Energy to Electricity Conversion 95
2.15.1.1 PV Cells 95
2.15.1.2 Battery Life-Cycle
in Photovoltaic Systems 98
2.15.1.3 Compact Fluorescent Lamp 99
2.15.2 Global Effi ciency of the Direct Application
of Solar Energy 100
2.15.2.1 Global Effi ciency of a Steam Power
Plant to Cooling System 104
2.15.3 Combined-Cycle Technology 105
2.15.4 Hydroelectricity to Electric Stove 106
2.15.5 Global Effi ciency of Biomass Energy 107
2.15.6 Global Effi ciency of Nuclear Power 112
2.16 Global Warming -- 113
2.16.1 Carbon Dioxide and Global Warming 113
2.16.2 Nuclear Energy and Global Warming 114
2.17 Impact of Energy Technology and Policy 117
Contents vii
2.18 Energy Demand in Emerging Economies 119
2.19 Conventional Global Energy Model 120
2.20 Renewable vs Non-renewable: Is There
a Boundary? 121
2.21 Knowledge-Enriched Global Energy Model 126
2.22 Conclusions 128
3 Electricity and Sustainability 131
3.1 Electrical Power as the World-- Premier
Non-Primary Energy Source 131
3.2 Consequences of the Ubiquity
of Electric Power Services 143
3.2.1 The R-D-R--‚¬² Cycle 143
3.2.2 Electrical Services as a Private Monopoly,
in Light of the R-D-R--‚¬² Cycle 146
3.3 The Last Twenty Years of
Electrical Services Reform -- in the United States 150
Document 153
Introduction 153
A. History of the U.S. Electric Power Industry,
1882 -- 1991 155
Beginnings: 1882 -- 1900 155
Era of Private Utilities: 1901 -- 1932 156
Emergence of Federal Power: 1933 -- 1950 158
1933 -- 1941 158
1942 -- 1950 159
Utility Prosperity: 1951 -- 1970 161
The 1950s 161
The 1960s 162
Years of Challenge: 1971 -- 1984 163
The 1970s 163
The Early 1980s 165
Non-Utility Growth: The Late 1980s 167
4 The Zero-Waste Concept and Its Applications 169
Part A. Petroleum Engineering Applications 169
viii Contents
4.1 Introduction 170
4.2 Petroleum Refi ning 172
4.2.1 Zero-Waste Approach To Refi ning Processes 181
4.3 Zero-Waste Impacts on Product Life Cycle
(Transportation, Use, and End-of-Life) 193
4.4 No-Flaring Technique 194
4.4.1 Solid-Liquid Separation 195
4.4.2 Liquid-Liquid Separation 198
4.4.3 Gas-Gas Separation 201
4.4.4 Overall Plan of No-Flare Design 205
Part B. Other Applications of the --‚¬ËœZero-Waste--‚¬„¢ Principle 205
4.5 Zero-Waste Living and the An --robic Biodigester 205
Estimation of the Biogas and Ammonia Production 207
4.6 Solar Aquatic Process Purifi es Waste
(including Desal -- inated) Water 209
4.6.1 The Solar Aquatic Process 210
4.7 Last Word 212
Document 213
Editor-- Introduction to a Semi-Offi cial View
of U.S. Petroleum Refi nery Waste and
Waste-Regulation Practices 213
Comments on EPA-- Handling Since 1995
of the Regulation of Refi nery Wastes 215
Section I. Introduction 216
A. Description of the Commenters 216
B. Summary of the Comments 218
C. Accompanying and Referenced Reports 220
Section II. The Noda Groundwater Risk Assessment 221
A. Ineffectiveness of the TCLP on
Oily/Tarry Wastes 221
B. TCLP Fails to Account for Co-disposal
with Solvents or Oils 228
C. Failure to Consider Impacts of Existing
Groundwater Contamination 233
Additional Observations 238
D. Arbitrarily Short Landfi ll Active Life 240
Contents ix
E. Inadequate Consideration of Co-Disposal 245
1. The Co-disposal of Individual Wastes
at Offsite Landfi lls 246
Additional Observations 247
2. Co-disposal of Wastes Covered
by Listing Determination
and Related Study 248
3. The Co-Disposal of Wastes
Not Covered by the
Listing Determination and Related Study 250
F. Location of Receptor Well Outside
the Plume Centerline 251
G. Landfi ll Area 252
H. Improper Consideration of Air Dried Samples 255
I. Impact of Selected Groundwater Modeling
Revisions 257
Additional Observations 258
J. Inappropriate TC Capped Modeling 260
Section III. The Noda LTU Risk Assessment 264
Section IV. Waste Management Practices
Not Assessed 270
Section V. Exclusion for Oil-Bearing Materials Inserted Into
Coker 276
Section VI. Headworks Exemption 281
Section VII. Individual Waste Listing Determinations 284
A. Crude Oil Storage Tank Sludge 284
B. CSO Sludge 285
C. Unleaded Gasoline Storage Tank Sludge 286
D. Off-Spec Products and Fines from
Thermal Processes 288
E. HF Alkylation Sludge 290
F. Hydrotreating/Hydrorefi ning Catalyst 291
Section VIII. Conclusion 292
5 Natural Gas 293
5.1 Introduction 293
x Contents
5.2 Divergence of Energy Commodity Pricing
From Laws of Supply and Demand 303
5.3 Sustainability and the Increasing Fascination
with Natural Gas 307
5.3.1 Is natural gas always either
non-renewable -- and-or fossil -- --or has there
been a failure to renew thinking,
followed by fossilization of view? 307
5.4 Natural Gas Pricing, Markets, Risk Management,
and Supply 311
5.4.1 Some ongoing features of natural gas pricing
in the U.S 311
5.4.2 The Regulation-Deregulation Nexus 314
5.4.3 Derivatives, risk management, --
and volatilization of energy
commodity pricing 317
5.4.4 North American supplies of natural gas 320
5.4.5 Signifi cant historical features of
natural gas--‚¬„¢ increased profi le
in US domestic energy consumption 324
5.5 Natural Gas in Eurasia 328
5.6 Nature As The New Model 333
5.6.1 Greater and Deeper Research is Needed
into the Way out of the Present Crisis
and the Way Forward 333
Documents 343
A. Canadian Gas Exports And Imports 344
A.1 Analysis of the Data of Reality 344
A.2 Overview ---- 2007 349
A.3 Exports 350
A.4 Imports 350
A.5 Prices And Revenues 350
A.6 Outlook 351
B. The Unnatural History of a Natural Monopoly -- 352
6 OPEC ---- The Organization of
Petroleum Exporting Countries 359
6.1 BIRTHMARKS ---- The First Twenty Years 359
Contents xi
6.2 OPEC-- Hard Choices in the Era
of the Bush Doctrine 367
6.3 Monopoly, Cartel, Rentier ----
or Instrumentality for Economic Independence? 380
6.4 Postscript (Friday 21 October 2011) 400
7 Concluding Remarks 405
Appendix 409
The Economics of Information and the Intentions
and Myopia of Professor Joseph Stiglitz 409
Opening Comment 409
A.1 Taking Economics Backward As Science 416
A2 Developing A Theory Of Marginal Information
Utility Based On The Alternative Approach
Of Beginning With Highly Simplifi ed,
Quite Concrete Models -- 418
A3 Imperfections of Information, or Oligopoly
and Monopoly? 426
A4 Afterword 435
Bibliography 443
Introductory Note 443
I. Bibliography 445
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BISAC SUBJECT HEADINGS
TEC047000: TECHNOLOGY & ENGINEERING / Petroleum
TEC010000: TECHNOLOGY & ENGINEERING / Environmental / General
BUS072000: BUSINESS & ECONOMICS / Development / Sustainable Development
BIC CODES
TH: ENERGY TECHNOLOGY & ENGINEERING
RNF: Environmental management
KCN: Environmental economics
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