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Submit a ProposalIndustrial Gas Flaring Practices
 | By Nicholas P. Cheremisinoff Copyright: 2013 | Expected Pub Date:March 2013// ISBN: 9781118237878 | Hardcover | 125 pages Price: $149.95 USD  |
One Line Description
With the consequences of the world's gas flaring practices only just beginning to be understood or even studied, this volume is the first in decades to tackle a very difficult hot-button issue for our time that could significantly reduce CO2 emissions and affect global warming.
Audience
Chemical engineers, process engineers, plant managers, safety engineers, operators, technicians working in process plants or refineries.
Chemical engineers, process engineers, plant managers, safety engineers, operators, technicians working in process plants or refineries.
Description
When properly used and maintained, flare gas systems can be a safe and reliable technology for system protection and in controlling emissions stemming from emergency releases. However, when misused and/or not carefully maintained, flaring operations can be a significant source of toxic emissions that adversely impact on air quality. Further to this, there are oftentimes misconceptions and misrepresentations on flaring efficiencies. This has led to under reporting of releases of toxins within communities.
Flares are widely used throughout the oil refining and petrochemical industries to manage waste gases and as a means of safety control of over pressurization of process units. Both industry and environmental statutes concerning the regulation of flares characterize flaring as a safe practice that is capable of controlling air emissions to high level of efficiency (typically 98+ % destruction reduction efficiency (DRE) of Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs)). But flaring operations are conducted far more frequently than systems were originally intended to operate, and aging refineries and petrochemical plants have given low priority to the critical maintenance and replacement of flare system components. The consequences have been far greater emissions than are generally reported along with serious accidents that have caused loss of lives and extensive damages to facility infrastructure and community property.
These negatives should not be the basis for eliminating this technology. Flare gas operations are unquestionably critical to safe operations of high pressure operations involving flammable and toxic components. However, their efficient and safe operation requires that the owner/operator apply vigilance in ensuring that the flare operates within an optimum performance regime and be well maintained.
This volume is intended as technical reference for refineries and chemical plants. The information contained herein is the result of reviewing the general literature of flaring options and technologies, reviewing industry and U.S.EPA published studies, and from examining some of the practices of certain refinery operations where information has been accessible.
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When properly used and maintained, flare gas systems can be a safe and reliable technology for system protection and in controlling emissions stemming from emergency releases. However, when misused and/or not carefully maintained, flaring operations can be a significant source of toxic emissions that adversely impact on air quality. Further to this, there are oftentimes misconceptions and misrepresentations on flaring efficiencies. This has led to under reporting of releases of toxins within communities.
Flares are widely used throughout the oil refining and petrochemical industries to manage waste gases and as a means of safety control of over pressurization of process units. Both industry and environmental statutes concerning the regulation of flares characterize flaring as a safe practice that is capable of controlling air emissions to high level of efficiency (typically 98+ % destruction reduction efficiency (DRE) of Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs)). But flaring operations are conducted far more frequently than systems were originally intended to operate, and aging refineries and petrochemical plants have given low priority to the critical maintenance and replacement of flare system components. The consequences have been far greater emissions than are generally reported along with serious accidents that have caused loss of lives and extensive damages to facility infrastructure and community property.
These negatives should not be the basis for eliminating this technology. Flare gas operations are unquestionably critical to safe operations of high pressure operations involving flammable and toxic components. However, their efficient and safe operation requires that the owner/operator apply vigilance in ensuring that the flare operates within an optimum performance regime and be well maintained.
This volume is intended as technical reference for refineries and chemical plants. The information contained herein is the result of reviewing the general literature of flaring options and technologies, reviewing industry and U.S.EPA published studies, and from examining some of the practices of certain refinery operations where information has been accessible.
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Author / Editor Details
Nicholas P. Cheremisinoff is a consultant to industry, international lending institutions and donor agencies on pollution prevention and responsible environmental care practices. With a career spanning more than 30 years, he is also the author, co-author or editor of more than 150 technical books and hundreds of state of the art review and scientific articles. He received his B.Sc., M.Sc., and Ph.D. degrees in chemical engineering from Clarkson College of Technology.
Nicholas P. Cheremisinoff is a consultant to industry, international lending institutions and donor agencies on pollution prevention and responsible environmental care practices. With a career spanning more than 30 years, he is also the author, co-author or editor of more than 150 technical books and hundreds of state of the art review and scientific articles. He received his B.Sc., M.Sc., and Ph.D. degrees in chemical engineering from Clarkson College of Technology.
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Table of Contents
Preface
1 Fuel Cells
1.1 Conventional Fuel Cells
1.2 Direct Methanol Fuel Cells
1.3 Direct Ethanol Fuel Cells
1.4 Direct Formate Fuel Cells
1.5 Direct Urea Fuel Cells
1.6 Solid Oxide Fuel Cell Systems
1.7 Biological Fuel Cells
2 Polymer Electrodes
2.1 Porous Electrode Substrate
2.2 Electrode Assembly for Solid Polymer Fuel Cell
2.3 Electrode for Fuel Cell
2.4 Flow-Field Plate
2.5 Catalyst for Fuel Electrode
2.6 Electrode Catalyst and Solid Polymer Fuel Cell
2.7 Membrane Electrode Assembly
3 Polymer Membranes
3.1 History
3.2 Desired Properties of Membranes
3.3 Types of Membrane Materials
3.4 Fabrication
3.5 Degradation
4 Solar Cells
4.1 History
4.2 Types of Solar Cells
4.3 Solar Cell Efficiency
4.4 Fabrication Methods
4.5 Silver Nanoplates and Core-Shell Nanoparticles
4.6 Vanadium Oxide Hydrate as Hole-Transport Layer
4.7 Graphene Quantum Dot-Modifi ed Electrodes
4.8 Enhancing Thermal Stability by Electron
Beam Irradiation
4.9 Inverted Polymer Solar Cell
4.10 Single-Junction Polymer Solar Cells
4.11 Medium-Bandgap Polymer Donor
4.12 Flexible Polymer Solar Cells
4.13 PCPDTBT
4.14 Extended Storage Life
4.15 Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells
4.16 Direct Arylation Polymerization
4.17 Polymer-Fullerene Solar Cells
4.18 Functionalized Poly(thiophene)
4.19 Fullerene
4.20 Transparent Window Materials
4.21 Solar Cell Encapsulants
4.22 Anti-reflection Coating
4.23 Fullerene-Free Polymer Solar Cells
5 Rechargeable Batteries
5.1 Aluminium Batteries
5.2 Zinc Batteries
5.3 Sodium Batteries
5.4 Magnesium Batteries
5.5 Lithium Batteries
Index
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Preface
1 Fuel Cells
1.1 Conventional Fuel Cells
1.2 Direct Methanol Fuel Cells
1.3 Direct Ethanol Fuel Cells
1.4 Direct Formate Fuel Cells
1.5 Direct Urea Fuel Cells
1.6 Solid Oxide Fuel Cell Systems
1.7 Biological Fuel Cells
2 Polymer Electrodes
2.1 Porous Electrode Substrate
2.2 Electrode Assembly for Solid Polymer Fuel Cell
2.3 Electrode for Fuel Cell
2.4 Flow-Field Plate
2.5 Catalyst for Fuel Electrode
2.6 Electrode Catalyst and Solid Polymer Fuel Cell
2.7 Membrane Electrode Assembly
3 Polymer Membranes
3.1 History
3.2 Desired Properties of Membranes
3.3 Types of Membrane Materials
3.4 Fabrication
3.5 Degradation
4 Solar Cells
4.1 History
4.2 Types of Solar Cells
4.3 Solar Cell Efficiency
4.4 Fabrication Methods
4.5 Silver Nanoplates and Core-Shell Nanoparticles
4.6 Vanadium Oxide Hydrate as Hole-Transport Layer
4.7 Graphene Quantum Dot-Modifi ed Electrodes
4.8 Enhancing Thermal Stability by Electron
Beam Irradiation
4.9 Inverted Polymer Solar Cell
4.10 Single-Junction Polymer Solar Cells
4.11 Medium-Bandgap Polymer Donor
4.12 Flexible Polymer Solar Cells
4.13 PCPDTBT
4.14 Extended Storage Life
4.15 Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells
4.16 Direct Arylation Polymerization
4.17 Polymer-Fullerene Solar Cells
4.18 Functionalized Poly(thiophene)
4.19 Fullerene
4.20 Transparent Window Materials
4.21 Solar Cell Encapsulants
4.22 Anti-reflection Coating
4.23 Fullerene-Free Polymer Solar Cells
5 Rechargeable Batteries
5.1 Aluminium Batteries
5.2 Zinc Batteries
5.3 Sodium Batteries
5.4 Magnesium Batteries
5.5 Lithium Batteries
Index
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BISAC SUBJECT HEADINGS
TEC031000: TECHNOLOGY & ENGINEERING / Power Resources / General
TEC010010: TECHNOLOGY & ENGINEERING / Environmental / Pollution Control
TEC009010: TECHNOLOGY & ENGINEERING / Chemical & Biochemical
BIC CODES
THFG: Gas technology
TDCB: Chemical engineering
TQK: Pollution control
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