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Submit a ProposalEnvironmental Management of Energy from Biofuels and Biofeedstocks
 | By James G. Speight and Kamel Singh Copyright: 2014 | Status: Published ISBN: 9781118233719 | Hardcover | 400 pages Price: $195 USD  |
One Line Description
The most comprehensive and thorough volume on the environmental aspects of energy from biofuels and biofeedstocks.
Audience
Any engineer, manager, or technician working with biofuels or biofeedstocks.
Any engineer, manager, or technician working with biofuels or biofeedstocks.
Description
Biomass is a renewable resource, whose utilization has received great attention due to environmental considerations and the increasing demands of energy worldwide. Since the energy crises of the 1970s, many countries have become interested in biomass as a fuel source to expand the development of domestic and renewable energy sources, reduce the environmental impacts of energy production provide rural prosperity for its poor farmers and bolster a flat agricultural sector. Biomass energy (bioenergy) can be an important alternative in the future and a more sustainable energy. In fact, for large portions of the rural populations of developing countries, and for the poorest sections of urban populations, biomass is often the only available and affordable source of energy for satisfying basic needs as cooking and heating.
The focus of this book is to present a historical overview, country perspectives, the use of biomass to produce biofuels, the current and upcoming sources of biofuels, technologies and processes for biofuel production, the various types of biofuels and, specifically, the ways and means to make biofuel production sustainable, economically feasible, minimize environmental damage and to deliver on its many promises.
The Energy and Environment book series from Scrivener Publishing and series editor, James G. Speight, aims to cover the environmental impacts and social concerns of energy production in its various forms. This first volume in the Energy and the Environment series offers a comprehensive coverage of one of the fastest-growing and most important sources of energy, biofuels. Future volumes will cover oil and gas, wind and solar energy, and their environmental aspects.
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Biomass is a renewable resource, whose utilization has received great attention due to environmental considerations and the increasing demands of energy worldwide. Since the energy crises of the 1970s, many countries have become interested in biomass as a fuel source to expand the development of domestic and renewable energy sources, reduce the environmental impacts of energy production provide rural prosperity for its poor farmers and bolster a flat agricultural sector. Biomass energy (bioenergy) can be an important alternative in the future and a more sustainable energy. In fact, for large portions of the rural populations of developing countries, and for the poorest sections of urban populations, biomass is often the only available and affordable source of energy for satisfying basic needs as cooking and heating.
The focus of this book is to present a historical overview, country perspectives, the use of biomass to produce biofuels, the current and upcoming sources of biofuels, technologies and processes for biofuel production, the various types of biofuels and, specifically, the ways and means to make biofuel production sustainable, economically feasible, minimize environmental damage and to deliver on its many promises.
The Energy and Environment book series from Scrivener Publishing and series editor, James G. Speight, aims to cover the environmental impacts and social concerns of energy production in its various forms. This first volume in the Energy and the Environment series offers a comprehensive coverage of one of the fastest-growing and most important sources of energy, biofuels. Future volumes will cover oil and gas, wind and solar energy, and their environmental aspects.
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Author / Editor Details
James G. Speight is a senior fuel consultant and Visiting Professor at the University of Trinidad and Tobago and Adjunct Professor of Chemical and Fuels Engineering at the University of Utah, USA. He is recognized internationally as an expert in the characterization, properties, and processing of conventional and synthetic fuels and has more than 40 years of experience in the process industries. He is the author of numerous books and papers, the editor of two journals in energy, and he has won numerous awards and distinctions.
James G. Speight is a senior fuel consultant and Visiting Professor at the University of Trinidad and Tobago and Adjunct Professor of Chemical and Fuels Engineering at the University of Utah, USA. He is recognized internationally as an expert in the characterization, properties, and processing of conventional and synthetic fuels and has more than 40 years of experience in the process industries. He is the author of numerous books and papers, the editor of two journals in energy, and he has won numerous awards and distinctions.
Kamel Singh is currently Design and Lead Project Manager at Energy Dynamics Ltd (EDL). He has over twenty years of industrial experience in the design and construction of process plant, pressure vessel, storage tank, pipeline, offshore production facilities, welding engineering, quality control and maintenance management. He holds a B.Sc. Degree in Mechanical Engineering (Hons) and a M.Sc. in Production Engineering and Management from the University of the West Indies, St Augustine Campus in Trinidad. He has co-authored over 10 scholarly papers and has been a contributor to 3 books.
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Table of Contents
Introduction
1.2 The Growth of Biofuels
1.2.1 Factors Spurring Growth in the Biofuels Market
1.2.2 Challenges to the Wide-Scale Use Of Biofuels
1.2.3 History of Biofuels Programs
1.2.4 Current Biofuel Production
1.3 Conventional Biomass Feedstocks
1.3.1 Fuels from Food Fiber and Feed Crops (1st Generation)
1.3.1.1 Sugar Crops
1.3.1.1.1 Sugar Cane
1.3.1.1.2 Sugar Beets
1.3.1.2 Starchy Crops
1.3.1.2.1 Corn
1.3.1.2.2 Sweet Sorghum
1.3.1.2.3 Wheat
1.3.1.2.4 Cassava
1.3.1.2.5 Sorghum Grain
1.3.2.3 Oilseed Crops
1.3.2.3.1 Rapeseed
1.3.2.3.2 Soybeans
1.3.2.3.3 Oil Palm
1.3.2.3.4 Jatropha
1.3.2.3.5 Oilseed Crops and Tree Based Oilseeds
1.4 Challenges to Conventional Feedstocks
1.5 Fuels from Crop Residues, Wood and Dedicated Energy Crops
1.5.1 Characteristics of Cellulosic Biomass
1.5.2 Biomass Residues and Organic Wastes
1.5.3 Wood Residues
1.5.3.1 Forest Residues
1.5.3.2 Industrial and Urban Woody Residue
1.5.3.3 Municipal Solid Waste
1.5.4 Crop Residues
1.5.5 Energy Crops
1.5.6 Micro-Algae
1.6 Technologies for Converting Biomass into Liquid Fuels
1.6.1 Thermochemical Conversion
1.6.1.1 Gasification
1.6.1.2 Pyrolysis
1.6.2 Biochemical Conversion
1.6.3 Emerging Developments in Conversion Technology
1.6.3.1 Biochemical Technologies
1.6.3.2 Thermochemical Technologies
1.6.3.3 Outlook for Biochemical and Thermochemical Technologies
1.7 The Biorefinery Concept
1.8 Outlook for Cellulosic Liquid Fuels
1.9 Biofuels
1.9.1 Ethanol from Sugars
1.9.2 Ethanol from Starches
1.9.3 Fuel Ethanol
1.9.4 Lipid-Derived Biofuels
1.9.4.1 Vegetable Oil
1.9.4.2 Biodiesel
1.10 References
Chapter 2: Environmental Aspects
2.1 Introduction
2.2 Greenhouse Gas Emissions
2.3 Life Cycle Considerations of Biofuels
2.3.1 Feedstock Production, Harvest, Processing, Transport
2.3.1.1 Land Use
2.3.1.2 Crop Management
2.3.1.3 Feedstock Selection
2.3.1.4 Harvesting
2.4 Refining Feedstocks into Biofuels
2.4.1 Transport of Feedstocks and Fuel
2.4.2 Combustion
2.4.3 Results of Well-To-Wheel Analyses
2.4.4 Reducing Climate Impact of Biofuels
2.4.4.1 Improved Yields
2.4.4.2 Improved Process Efficiency
2.4.4.3 New Energy Feedstocks
2.4.4.4 New Technologies
2.4.4.5 Co-Products
2.5 Impact of Growing Biomass
2.5.1 Habitat Destruction
2.5.2 Minimizing Land-Use and Impact On Wildlife
2.5.3 Impact on Soil Quality
2.5.4 Impact on Water Resources
2.5.5 Impact on Air Quality
2.6 References
Chapter 3: Biofuel Policies
3.1 Introduction
3.2 Regional, National, and Local Policies
3.2.1 Africa
3.2.2 Asia and the Pacific
3.2.3 Latin America
3.2.4 Europe
3.2.5 North America
3.3 International Environmental Instruments
3.3.1 Greenhouse Gas Emissions
3.3.2 Other Emissions
3.4 Standards and Certification Schemes
3.5 International Trade
3.6 References
Chapter 4: The Biofuel Life Cycle
4.1 Introduction
4.2 Energy Balance and Energy Efficiency of Biofuels
4.3 Ethanol in SI Engines
4.4 Ethanol in CI Engines
4.5 Biodiesel Blends
4.6 Unblended Biodiesel
4.7 Other Biofuels
4.7.1 Vegetable Oil and Animal Fats
4.7.2 Dimethyl Ether
4.7.3 Biomass to Liquid
4.8 References
Chapter 5: Social Aspects
5.1 Introduction
5.2 Agricultural and Rural Development
5.3 Expanding Markets
5.4 Creating Employment
5.5 Subsidies
5.6 Biofuel Processing
5.7 Biofuels for Local Use
5.8 Food versus Fuel Debate
5.9 Infrastructure Requirements
5.10 Transport, Storage, and Delivery
5.11 Government Policies and Regulations
5.12 References
Chapter 6: The Future of Biofuels
6.1 Introduction
6.2 Next Generation Biofuels
6.3 Integrated Refining Concepts --The Biorefinery
6.3.1 The Biorefinery Concept
6.3.2 Process Options
6.3.2.1 Direct Combustion
6.3.2.2 Gasification
6.3.2.3 Pyrolysis
6.3.3 Anaerobic Digestion
6.3.4 Fermentation and Hydrolysis
6.3.5 Transesterification
6.4 Strategies for Biofuel Use
6.5 Market Barriers of Biofuel
6.6 Managing Biofuel Production
6.6.1 Food or Fuel
6.6.2 Non-Food Feedstocks
6.6.3 Vegetable Oil
6.7 The Future
6.8 References
Glossary
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Introduction
1.2 The Growth of Biofuels
1.2.1 Factors Spurring Growth in the Biofuels Market
1.2.2 Challenges to the Wide-Scale Use Of Biofuels
1.2.3 History of Biofuels Programs
1.2.4 Current Biofuel Production
1.3 Conventional Biomass Feedstocks
1.3.1 Fuels from Food Fiber and Feed Crops (1st Generation)
1.3.1.1 Sugar Crops
1.3.1.1.1 Sugar Cane
1.3.1.1.2 Sugar Beets
1.3.1.2 Starchy Crops
1.3.1.2.1 Corn
1.3.1.2.2 Sweet Sorghum
1.3.1.2.3 Wheat
1.3.1.2.4 Cassava
1.3.1.2.5 Sorghum Grain
1.3.2.3 Oilseed Crops
1.3.2.3.1 Rapeseed
1.3.2.3.2 Soybeans
1.3.2.3.3 Oil Palm
1.3.2.3.4 Jatropha
1.3.2.3.5 Oilseed Crops and Tree Based Oilseeds
1.4 Challenges to Conventional Feedstocks
1.5 Fuels from Crop Residues, Wood and Dedicated Energy Crops
1.5.1 Characteristics of Cellulosic Biomass
1.5.2 Biomass Residues and Organic Wastes
1.5.3 Wood Residues
1.5.3.1 Forest Residues
1.5.3.2 Industrial and Urban Woody Residue
1.5.3.3 Municipal Solid Waste
1.5.4 Crop Residues
1.5.5 Energy Crops
1.5.6 Micro-Algae
1.6 Technologies for Converting Biomass into Liquid Fuels
1.6.1 Thermochemical Conversion
1.6.1.1 Gasification
1.6.1.2 Pyrolysis
1.6.2 Biochemical Conversion
1.6.3 Emerging Developments in Conversion Technology
1.6.3.1 Biochemical Technologies
1.6.3.2 Thermochemical Technologies
1.6.3.3 Outlook for Biochemical and Thermochemical Technologies
1.7 The Biorefinery Concept
1.8 Outlook for Cellulosic Liquid Fuels
1.9 Biofuels
1.9.1 Ethanol from Sugars
1.9.2 Ethanol from Starches
1.9.3 Fuel Ethanol
1.9.4 Lipid-Derived Biofuels
1.9.4.1 Vegetable Oil
1.9.4.2 Biodiesel
1.10 References
Chapter 2: Environmental Aspects
2.1 Introduction
2.2 Greenhouse Gas Emissions
2.3 Life Cycle Considerations of Biofuels
2.3.1 Feedstock Production, Harvest, Processing, Transport
2.3.1.1 Land Use
2.3.1.2 Crop Management
2.3.1.3 Feedstock Selection
2.3.1.4 Harvesting
2.4 Refining Feedstocks into Biofuels
2.4.1 Transport of Feedstocks and Fuel
2.4.2 Combustion
2.4.3 Results of Well-To-Wheel Analyses
2.4.4 Reducing Climate Impact of Biofuels
2.4.4.1 Improved Yields
2.4.4.2 Improved Process Efficiency
2.4.4.3 New Energy Feedstocks
2.4.4.4 New Technologies
2.4.4.5 Co-Products
2.5 Impact of Growing Biomass
2.5.1 Habitat Destruction
2.5.2 Minimizing Land-Use and Impact On Wildlife
2.5.3 Impact on Soil Quality
2.5.4 Impact on Water Resources
2.5.5 Impact on Air Quality
2.6 References
Chapter 3: Biofuel Policies
3.1 Introduction
3.2 Regional, National, and Local Policies
3.2.1 Africa
3.2.2 Asia and the Pacific
3.2.3 Latin America
3.2.4 Europe
3.2.5 North America
3.3 International Environmental Instruments
3.3.1 Greenhouse Gas Emissions
3.3.2 Other Emissions
3.4 Standards and Certification Schemes
3.5 International Trade
3.6 References
Chapter 4: The Biofuel Life Cycle
4.1 Introduction
4.2 Energy Balance and Energy Efficiency of Biofuels
4.3 Ethanol in SI Engines
4.4 Ethanol in CI Engines
4.5 Biodiesel Blends
4.6 Unblended Biodiesel
4.7 Other Biofuels
4.7.1 Vegetable Oil and Animal Fats
4.7.2 Dimethyl Ether
4.7.3 Biomass to Liquid
4.8 References
Chapter 5: Social Aspects
5.1 Introduction
5.2 Agricultural and Rural Development
5.3 Expanding Markets
5.4 Creating Employment
5.5 Subsidies
5.6 Biofuel Processing
5.7 Biofuels for Local Use
5.8 Food versus Fuel Debate
5.9 Infrastructure Requirements
5.10 Transport, Storage, and Delivery
5.11 Government Policies and Regulations
5.12 References
Chapter 6: The Future of Biofuels
6.1 Introduction
6.2 Next Generation Biofuels
6.3 Integrated Refining Concepts --The Biorefinery
6.3.1 The Biorefinery Concept
6.3.2 Process Options
6.3.2.1 Direct Combustion
6.3.2.2 Gasification
6.3.2.3 Pyrolysis
6.3.3 Anaerobic Digestion
6.3.4 Fermentation and Hydrolysis
6.3.5 Transesterification
6.4 Strategies for Biofuel Use
6.5 Market Barriers of Biofuel
6.6 Managing Biofuel Production
6.6.1 Food or Fuel
6.6.2 Non-Food Feedstocks
6.6.3 Vegetable Oil
6.7 The Future
6.8 References
Glossary
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