-
Browse Book Series
- Adhesion and Adhesives: Fundamental and Applied Aspects
- Advances in Additive Manufacturing Technologies
- Advances in Antenna, Microwave and Communication Engineering
- Advances in Biofeedstocks and Biofuels
- Advances in Cyber Security
- Advances in Data Engineering and Machine Learning
- Advances in E-Mobility
- Advances in Hydrogen Production and Storage
- Advances in Intelligent and Scientific Computing (AISC)
- Advances in Learning Analytics for Intelligent Cloud-IoT Systems
- Advances in Membrane Processes
- Advances in Nanotechnology and Applications
- Advances in Natural Gas Engineering
- Advances in Pipes and Pipelines
- Advances in Production Engineering
- Advances in Solar Cell Materials and Storage
- Applied Functional Materials
- Artificial Intelligence and Soft Computing for Industrial Transformation
- Astrobiology Perspectives on Life in the Universe
- Bioprocessing in Food Science
- Computational Intelligence and Biomedical Engineering
- Concise Introductions to AI and Data Science
- Cyber Systems and Quantum Engineering
- Decentralized Systems and Next-Generation Internet
- Diatoms: Biology and Applications
- Digital Convergence in Engineering Systems
- Emerging Trends in Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry
- Engineering Systems Design for Sustainable Development
- Fintech in a Sustainable Digital Society
- Industry 5.0 Transformation Applications
- Infectious and Rare Diseases
- Innovations in Materials and Manufacturing
- Machine Learning in Biomedical Science and Healthcare Informatics
- Materials Degradation and Failure
- Mathematics and Computer Science
- Next-Generation Computing and Communication Engineering
- Performability Engineering Series
- Rotating Machinery Fundamentals and Advances
- Studies in Computational Intelligence and Smart Technologies
- Sustainable Computing and Optimization
Browse Subject Areas
For Authors
Submit a ProposalNanotechnology in the Defense Industry
 | Advances, Innovation, and Practical Applications By Madhuri Sharon, Angelica Silvestre Lopez Rodriguez, Chetna Sharon and Pio Sifuentes Gallardo Series: Advances in Nanotechnology and Applications Copyright: 2019 | Status: Published ISBN: 9781119460121 | Hardcover | 330 pages | 62 illustrations Price: $195 USD  |
One Line Description
One of the very few books on nanotechnology and the defense sector
Audience
Researchers, scientists, engineers, R&D personnel in Defense labs as well as postgraduate students involved with applying nanotechnology. The book will also be read by companies and contractors involved in manufacturing chemicals, equipment and devices for the defense sector.
Researchers, scientists, engineers, R&D personnel in Defense labs as well as postgraduate students involved with applying nanotechnology. The book will also be read by companies and contractors involved in manufacturing chemicals, equipment and devices for the defense sector.
Description
More than half the globe is confronted with war or war-like volatility and complex security situations. Scientists, including nanotechnologists, in every sphere are concerned and want to contribute.
In this book, the challenges of our time, including new demands on the military at every level, are addressed. The need to provide defense personnel with practical tools necessary to succeed in this unpredictable and unstable world is of the utmost importance, because the character of warfare is changing with time. This book articulates various areas of the defense support system that can be improved with the incorporation of nanotechnology, as well as ways to further develop a modern, future-oriented, attractive and competitive military support system.
With these concerns in mind, the chapters of this book are devoted to various areas of nanotechnological innovation afforded to the military such as smart clothing combat suits, medical therapeutic and diagnostic support, improved air and ground vehicles, portable energy sources, and nanosensors. Nanotechnology supported stealth and counter-stealth technologies, radar absorbing materials, the role of computers in aid of defense, and textiles to help in camouflaging, are also discussed.
In addition, chapters have also been devoted to chemical and biological warfare.
Back to Top
More than half the globe is confronted with war or war-like volatility and complex security situations. Scientists, including nanotechnologists, in every sphere are concerned and want to contribute.
In this book, the challenges of our time, including new demands on the military at every level, are addressed. The need to provide defense personnel with practical tools necessary to succeed in this unpredictable and unstable world is of the utmost importance, because the character of warfare is changing with time. This book articulates various areas of the defense support system that can be improved with the incorporation of nanotechnology, as well as ways to further develop a modern, future-oriented, attractive and competitive military support system.
With these concerns in mind, the chapters of this book are devoted to various areas of nanotechnological innovation afforded to the military such as smart clothing combat suits, medical therapeutic and diagnostic support, improved air and ground vehicles, portable energy sources, and nanosensors. Nanotechnology supported stealth and counter-stealth technologies, radar absorbing materials, the role of computers in aid of defense, and textiles to help in camouflaging, are also discussed.
In addition, chapters have also been devoted to chemical and biological warfare.
Back to Top
Author / Editor Details
Madhuri Sharon completed her PhD from the University of Leicester and Postdoctoral studies from Bolton Institute of Technology. She is Director of Walchand ResearchCentre for Nanotechnology & Bionanotechnology, India. She has published more than 190 papers, 6 books by international publishers and has 11 patents.
Madhuri Sharon completed her PhD from the University of Leicester and Postdoctoral studies from Bolton Institute of Technology. She is Director of Walchand ResearchCentre for Nanotechnology & Bionanotechnology, India. She has published more than 190 papers, 6 books by international publishers and has 11 patents.
Angelica Silvestre Lopez Rodriguez studied for her PhD at the Applied Chemistry Research Center (CIQA) in Saltillo, Mexico. She is currently a Research Professor at the Juarez Autonomous University of Tabasco, Mexico. Her research interests are in synthesis, recycling and characterization of polymers, and synthesis of carbon materials.
Chetna Sharon is currently working as a Research Instructor at VA Medical Center in Richmond, VA. She obtained her PhD in Molecular Biology and Applied Chemistry from Japan and has more than 20 years’ experience in the field of molecular biology, biochemistry, cell signaling, and translational research directed towards development of therapies against serious life-threatening diseases (colorectal cancer, cardiomyopathy, respiratory disease caused by SARS).
Pio Sifuentes Gallardo obtained his PhD in 2002 at the Applied Chemistry Research Center (CIQA), Mexico. He has done postdoctoral research at Kyung Hee University in South Korea, Maharastra, India and De Paul University, Chicago (USA). He is now a Research Professor at the Universidad Juárez Autónoma de Tabasco, Mexico.
Back to Top
Table of Contents
Preface
Foreword
1 Nanotechnology-- Entry into the Defense Arena
Madhuri Sharon
1.1 Introduction
1.2 What Is Nanotechnology
1.3 Nanotechnology Offers Innovative Opportunities for Defense
1.4 Nanotechnology for Soldiers
1.4.1 Smart Clothing Using Nanotechnology for Various Applications
1.4.2 Invisibility and Adaptive Camouflage
1.4.3 Armor Fabric
1.4.3.1 Artificial Muscles
1.4.3.2 Strong, Lightweight and Self-Repairing Material
1.4.3.3 Tungsten as Ultrastrong Material
1.4.3.4 Carbon Nanomaterials
1.4.3.5 Future Combat Suits 1
1.4.4 Faster Intensive Medical Help
1.4.4.1 Diagnostic Support Using Nanotechnology
1.4.4.2 Nano-Tourniquet
1.4.4.3 Antitoxin Guard
1.4.4.4 Lab-on-Chip
1.4.4.5 In-Situ Tissue Repair
1.4.4.6 Artificial Organs
1.4.5 Food and Safe Drinking Water
1.5 Increased Surveillance for Better Protection and Security
1.6 Smaller, More Effective and Cheaper Nanotechnology-Based Weapons
1.7 Nanotechnology in Aeronautics for Lighter and Faster Aircraft
1.7.1 Exfoliated Nanocomposites
1.7.2 Single-Wall Carbon Nanotubes (SWCNT), Double-Wall Carbon Nanotubes (DWCNT) and Multi-Wall Carbon Nanotubes (MWCNT)
1.7.3 Nanoplatelets and Nanofibers of Graphite/Graphene
1.7.4 Electrospun Nanofibers
1.8 Nanotechnology for Stealth Warships and Submarines for Ocean Exploration
1.8.1 Microwave Absorber for Stealth Technology
1.8.2 Invisible Stealth Ships, Planes and Vehicles
1.8.3 Radar Absorbing Material: Carbon Nanotubes (CNT)
1.8.4 Radar Absorbing Material: Ionic Liquids
1.9 Nanotechnology for Vehicles
1.9.1 Vehicles with Scratch Resistant Surfaces
1.10 Nanotechnology for Satellites
1.11 Nanomaterials for Portable Energy/Power
1.11.1 Portable Fuel Cells (FC)
1.11.2 Rechargeable Lithium (Li) Batteries
1.11.3 Supercapacitor
1.11.4 Solar Cells
1.12 Nanosensors
1.12.1 Chemical Nanosensors
1.12.2 Mechanical Nanosensors
1.12.3 Magnetic Nanosensors
1.12.4 Radiation Nanosensor
1.12.5 Portable Miniature X-Ray Nanosensors
1.12.6 Surface-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy (SERS) Nanosensors
1.12.7 Smart Dust Sensors
1.13 Nanotechnology for Logistics
1.13.1 Smaller, Faster Nano-Cameras
1.14 Conclusions
References
2 Stealth, Counter Stealth and Nanotechnology
Madhuri Sharon
2.1 Introduction
2.2 Radar --An Incentive for Developing Stealth
2.2.1 Principle of Radar
2.2.2 How Radar Functions
2.3 What Is Stealth and Why Was It Developed?
2.4 Considerations and Efforts for Designing Stealth Aircraft
2.4.1 Camouflaging
2.4.2 Plasma Active Stealth
2.4.3 Inactivating Radar Signal or Making Planes Less Visible
2.4.3.1 Radar Absorbing Material (RAM)
2.4.3.2 What Are Microwaves?
2.4.3.3 How Are Microwaves Absorbed?
2.4.3.4 Microwave Transmitting Structures
2.4.3.5 Types of Microwave Absorbers
2.5 Radar Cross Section (RCS)
2.6 Shaping of Stealth or Improved Aerodynamics by Reducing RCS
2.7 Reducing the IR Signature
2.8 Muffling Aircraft Noise
2.9 What Is Counter Stealth and Why Is It Used?
2.9.1 LIDAR (Light Detection and Ranging)
2.9.2 Multi-Band 3D Radar
2.9.3 Quantum Radar
2.10 Nanotechnology for Improved Stealth Performance
2.10.1 Nanomaterials as RAM or Microwave Absorber
2.10.1.1 Nanoferrite Absorber
2.10.1.2 Nano-Carbon and Carbon Nanotube (CNT) Composites as Absorbers
2.10.2 Nanomaterials in Airframe Structure
2.10.2.1 Carbon Nanotubes (CNTs) Conjugated with Polymers
2.10.2.2 Nanoclay Reinforced Polymer Composites
2.10.2.3 Metal Nanoparticle Incorporated Composites
2.10.3 Nano-Metal Coatings for Aero-Engine Parts
2.10.4 Nanomaterials for Electro-Communication Component of Aircraft
2.10.4.1 Nanoparticles for Data Storage Media
2.10.4.2 Nanoparticles for Supercapacitors
2.10.4.3 MEMS and NEMS for Fuel Management
2.10.4.4 Other Applications of Nanotechnology in Supporting Advanced Stealth Systems
2.11 Conclusions
References
3 Nanocomputers in Aid of Defense
Angelica Silvestre Lopez Rodriguez
3.1 Introduction
3.1.1 Classification of Nanocomputers
3.1.1.1 Electronic Nanocomputers
3.1.1.2 Mechanical Nanocomputers
3.1.1.3 Chemical and Biochemical Nanocomputers
3.1.1.4 Quantum Nanocomputers
3.1.1.5 DNA Nanocomputers
3.2 History of Nanocomputers
3.3 The Nanocomputers
3.3.1 Nanotechnology and Quantum Computers
3.3.2 Recent Advances in Nanocomputers
3.4 Applications of Nanocomputers in the Military
3.5 More Powerful Computers to Come
3.6 Summary
References
4 Nanotechnology-Aided Armor
Pio Sifullentes Gallardo
4.1 Historical Background of Armor
4.2 Nanomaterial-Aided Armor
4.2.1 Polymers
4.2.1.1 Polymerization Reaction
4.2.2 Carbon Nanoforms
4.2.2.1 Synthesis of Carbon Nanotubes (CNT)
4.2.2.2 Functionalization of CNT
4.2.3 Nanocomposites
4.2.3.1 Processes for Preparing Nanocomposites for Armor
4.2.4 Armor of Smart Nanomaterials
4.2.4.1 Memory Materials
4.3 Summary
References
5 Nanotechnology and Weapons
Chetna Sharon
5.1 Introduction
5.2 Considerations for Developing Nano High Energy Materials (HEMs) for Weapons
5.2.1 Propellants
5.2.2 Explosives
5.2.3 Pyrotechnics
5.3 Requirements for Nanoparticles Used in Nanoweapons
5.4 Synthesis of Nanomaterials for Weapons
5.5 Characterization of Nanomaterials Used in Weapons
5.6 Nanomaterials for Use in Nanoweapons and Ammunition
5.6.1 Super Penetrating Materials
5.6.2 Nanocrystalline Tungsten
5.6.3 Liquid Metal
5.6.4 High Energy Laser Weapons
5.7 Nanoweapons
5.7.1 Types of Nanoweapons
5.7.1.1 Molecularly Assembled Nanoweapons
5.7.1.2 Mini-Nukes and Mosquito-Like Robot Weapons
5.7.1.3 Invisible Nano-Needle Bullets
5.7.1.4 Non-Nuclear Bomb
5.7.1.5 Nanoweapons to Replace or Improvise Current Nuclear Weapons
5.7.1.6 New Nano Spies --Nano-Sized Fighter Jets
5.7.1.7 CornerShot
5.7.1.8 Laser-Guided Weapons
5.7.1.9 Bullet Camera (TNO Concept)
5.7.1.10 Landmines and Improvised Explosive Devices
5.8 Defensive Measures to Combat Nanoweapons
5.9 Risks Posed by Nanoweapons
5.10 Need for Preventive Anti-Nanoweapon and Anti-Ecophagic Policies
5.11 Summary
References
6 Nanotechnology to Aid Biological and Chemical Warfare Defense
Madhuri Sharon
6.1 Introduction
6.2 What Is Biological Warfare?
6.2.1 Types of Biological Warfare
6.2.1.1 Bacteria
6.2.1.2 Fungus
6.2.1.3 Virus
6.2.1.4 Insects
6.2.1.5 Biogenic Toxins
6.3 Chemical Warfare
6.3.1 Types of Chemical Weapons
6.3.1.1 Nerve Agents
6.3.1.2 Blister Agents
6.3.1.3 Choking Agents
6.3.1.4 Blood Agents
6.3.1.5 Riot Control Agents
6.4 How Nanotechnology Can Protect from Biological and Chemical Warfare
6.4.1 Nanosensors that Aid Biological and Chemical Warfare
6.4.1.1 Blue Crab Nanosensors
6.4.1.2 Nanowire Biosensors
6.4.1.3 Intracellular Biosensors
6.4.1.4 Biosensors
6.4.1.5 Nanosensor as Nano-Nose
6.4.2 Nanotechnology and Protective Clothing for Defense Personnel
6.4.2.1 Nanofabrics and On-Time Detection and Treatment
6.4.3 Nanorobotics and Other Futuristic Nano-Applications
6.5 Disadvantages of Nanotechnology
6.6 Summary
References
7 Smart Nanofabrics for Defense
Madhuri Sharon
7.1 Introduction
7.2 A Brief History of Smart Skin Material
7.3 Types of Smart Textiles
7.3.1 Passive Smart Textiles
7.3.2 Active Smart Textiles
7.3.3 Ultra Small Textiles
7.4 Fabrication of Smart Textiles
7.4.1 Metal Fibers
7.4.2 Conducting Inks
7.4.3 Inherently Conductive Polymers (ICP)
7.4.3.1 Polypyrrole (PPy)
7.4.3.2 Polyacetylene or Polyethylene or Polythene (PE)
7.4.3.3 Polyaniline (PANi)
7.4.3.4 Polythiophene and Its Derivatives
7.4.4 Electrically Conductive Polymers (ECP)
7.4.5 Optical Fibers
7.4.6 Shape Memory Material (SMM)
7.4.7 Chromic Material
7.4.7.1 Thermochromism
7.4.7.2 Photochromism
7.4.7.3 Electrochromism
7.4.7.4 Piezochromism
7.4.7.5 Solvation Chromism
7.4.8 Phase Change Materials (PCM)
7.5 Nanoparticle Coated Textiles
7.5.1 Antimicrobial Fabrics
7.5.2 Water Repellant (Hydrophobic Fabric), Stain Repellant and Spill Resistant Fabrics
7.5.3 Self-Cleaning Fabrics
7.5.4 UV Radiation Protection
7.5.5 Static Resistant or Anti-Static Fabric
7.6 Applications of Nanoparticle Coated Smart Textiles
7.6.1 Healthcare Fabrics
7.6.2 Self-Powered Smart Textiles
7.6.3 CNT-Based Smart Fabrics
7.6.3.1 CNT and Metallic Antennas for Smart Textiles
7.6.3.2 Cotton Coated with MWCNT for Energy Storage
7.6.3.3 CNT Braided Fabric for Monitoring Composites
7.6.3.4 CNT-Based Smart Electronic Textile
7.7 Sensors for Smart Textiles
7.7.1 Temperature Sensor
7.7.2 Humidity Sensitive Textiles
7.7.3 Capacitive Pressure Sensors
7.7.4 Resistive Pressure Sensors
7.7.5 Optical Textile Sensors
7.8 Actuators for Smart Textile
7.9 Summary
References
8 Nanomaterial for Adaptive Camouflage and Structure
Angelica Silvestre Lopez Rodriguez
8.1 Introduction
8.2 Camouflage
8.3 Camouflage for the Military
8.4 Types of Camouflage
8.4.1 Woodland Camouflage
8.4.2 Desert Camouflage
8.4.3 Desert Camouflage of Three Colors
8.4.4 Digital Army Combat Uniform (ACU) Camouflage
8.4.5 Tiger Stripe Camouflage
8.4.6 City or Urban Camouflage
8.5 Active or Adaptive Camouflage
8.6 Nanomaterials for Advanced Camouflaging
8.6.1 Some Possibilities in the Near Future
8.7 Summary
References
9 Applications of Nanotechnology in Aerospace
Madhuri Sharon
9.1 Introduction
9.2 Use of Nanomaterials in Different Areas of Aviation
9.2.1 Airframe Structure 291
9.2.1.1 Commonly Used Aluminum Alloys in Heavier Parts of the Aircraft
9.2.1.2 Commonly Used Aluminum Alloys in Other Parts of the Aircraft
9.2.1.3 Aluminum Oxide Nanoparticles
9.2.1.4 Nanomaterials for Airframe Structures
9.2.2 Nanocoating
9.2.3 Aero Engine Parts
9.2.4 Aircraft Electrocommunication System
9.2.5 Radar Technology for Detecting Landmines
9.3 Possible Uses of Graphene in Aerospace
9.4 Stealth Technology
9.5 Summary
References
Index
Back to Top
Preface
Foreword
1 Nanotechnology-- Entry into the Defense Arena
Madhuri Sharon
1.1 Introduction
1.2 What Is Nanotechnology
1.3 Nanotechnology Offers Innovative Opportunities for Defense
1.4 Nanotechnology for Soldiers
1.4.1 Smart Clothing Using Nanotechnology for Various Applications
1.4.2 Invisibility and Adaptive Camouflage
1.4.3 Armor Fabric
1.4.3.1 Artificial Muscles
1.4.3.2 Strong, Lightweight and Self-Repairing Material
1.4.3.3 Tungsten as Ultrastrong Material
1.4.3.4 Carbon Nanomaterials
1.4.3.5 Future Combat Suits 1
1.4.4 Faster Intensive Medical Help
1.4.4.1 Diagnostic Support Using Nanotechnology
1.4.4.2 Nano-Tourniquet
1.4.4.3 Antitoxin Guard
1.4.4.4 Lab-on-Chip
1.4.4.5 In-Situ Tissue Repair
1.4.4.6 Artificial Organs
1.4.5 Food and Safe Drinking Water
1.5 Increased Surveillance for Better Protection and Security
1.6 Smaller, More Effective and Cheaper Nanotechnology-Based Weapons
1.7 Nanotechnology in Aeronautics for Lighter and Faster Aircraft
1.7.1 Exfoliated Nanocomposites
1.7.2 Single-Wall Carbon Nanotubes (SWCNT), Double-Wall Carbon Nanotubes (DWCNT) and Multi-Wall Carbon Nanotubes (MWCNT)
1.7.3 Nanoplatelets and Nanofibers of Graphite/Graphene
1.7.4 Electrospun Nanofibers
1.8 Nanotechnology for Stealth Warships and Submarines for Ocean Exploration
1.8.1 Microwave Absorber for Stealth Technology
1.8.2 Invisible Stealth Ships, Planes and Vehicles
1.8.3 Radar Absorbing Material: Carbon Nanotubes (CNT)
1.8.4 Radar Absorbing Material: Ionic Liquids
1.9 Nanotechnology for Vehicles
1.9.1 Vehicles with Scratch Resistant Surfaces
1.10 Nanotechnology for Satellites
1.11 Nanomaterials for Portable Energy/Power
1.11.1 Portable Fuel Cells (FC)
1.11.2 Rechargeable Lithium (Li) Batteries
1.11.3 Supercapacitor
1.11.4 Solar Cells
1.12 Nanosensors
1.12.1 Chemical Nanosensors
1.12.2 Mechanical Nanosensors
1.12.3 Magnetic Nanosensors
1.12.4 Radiation Nanosensor
1.12.5 Portable Miniature X-Ray Nanosensors
1.12.6 Surface-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy (SERS) Nanosensors
1.12.7 Smart Dust Sensors
1.13 Nanotechnology for Logistics
1.13.1 Smaller, Faster Nano-Cameras
1.14 Conclusions
References
2 Stealth, Counter Stealth and Nanotechnology
Madhuri Sharon
2.1 Introduction
2.2 Radar --An Incentive for Developing Stealth
2.2.1 Principle of Radar
2.2.2 How Radar Functions
2.3 What Is Stealth and Why Was It Developed?
2.4 Considerations and Efforts for Designing Stealth Aircraft
2.4.1 Camouflaging
2.4.2 Plasma Active Stealth
2.4.3 Inactivating Radar Signal or Making Planes Less Visible
2.4.3.1 Radar Absorbing Material (RAM)
2.4.3.2 What Are Microwaves?
2.4.3.3 How Are Microwaves Absorbed?
2.4.3.4 Microwave Transmitting Structures
2.4.3.5 Types of Microwave Absorbers
2.5 Radar Cross Section (RCS)
2.6 Shaping of Stealth or Improved Aerodynamics by Reducing RCS
2.7 Reducing the IR Signature
2.8 Muffling Aircraft Noise
2.9 What Is Counter Stealth and Why Is It Used?
2.9.1 LIDAR (Light Detection and Ranging)
2.9.2 Multi-Band 3D Radar
2.9.3 Quantum Radar
2.10 Nanotechnology for Improved Stealth Performance
2.10.1 Nanomaterials as RAM or Microwave Absorber
2.10.1.1 Nanoferrite Absorber
2.10.1.2 Nano-Carbon and Carbon Nanotube (CNT) Composites as Absorbers
2.10.2 Nanomaterials in Airframe Structure
2.10.2.1 Carbon Nanotubes (CNTs) Conjugated with Polymers
2.10.2.2 Nanoclay Reinforced Polymer Composites
2.10.2.3 Metal Nanoparticle Incorporated Composites
2.10.3 Nano-Metal Coatings for Aero-Engine Parts
2.10.4 Nanomaterials for Electro-Communication Component of Aircraft
2.10.4.1 Nanoparticles for Data Storage Media
2.10.4.2 Nanoparticles for Supercapacitors
2.10.4.3 MEMS and NEMS for Fuel Management
2.10.4.4 Other Applications of Nanotechnology in Supporting Advanced Stealth Systems
2.11 Conclusions
References
3 Nanocomputers in Aid of Defense
Angelica Silvestre Lopez Rodriguez
3.1 Introduction
3.1.1 Classification of Nanocomputers
3.1.1.1 Electronic Nanocomputers
3.1.1.2 Mechanical Nanocomputers
3.1.1.3 Chemical and Biochemical Nanocomputers
3.1.1.4 Quantum Nanocomputers
3.1.1.5 DNA Nanocomputers
3.2 History of Nanocomputers
3.3 The Nanocomputers
3.3.1 Nanotechnology and Quantum Computers
3.3.2 Recent Advances in Nanocomputers
3.4 Applications of Nanocomputers in the Military
3.5 More Powerful Computers to Come
3.6 Summary
References
4 Nanotechnology-Aided Armor
Pio Sifullentes Gallardo
4.1 Historical Background of Armor
4.2 Nanomaterial-Aided Armor
4.2.1 Polymers
4.2.1.1 Polymerization Reaction
4.2.2 Carbon Nanoforms
4.2.2.1 Synthesis of Carbon Nanotubes (CNT)
4.2.2.2 Functionalization of CNT
4.2.3 Nanocomposites
4.2.3.1 Processes for Preparing Nanocomposites for Armor
4.2.4 Armor of Smart Nanomaterials
4.2.4.1 Memory Materials
4.3 Summary
References
5 Nanotechnology and Weapons
Chetna Sharon
5.1 Introduction
5.2 Considerations for Developing Nano High Energy Materials (HEMs) for Weapons
5.2.1 Propellants
5.2.2 Explosives
5.2.3 Pyrotechnics
5.3 Requirements for Nanoparticles Used in Nanoweapons
5.4 Synthesis of Nanomaterials for Weapons
5.5 Characterization of Nanomaterials Used in Weapons
5.6 Nanomaterials for Use in Nanoweapons and Ammunition
5.6.1 Super Penetrating Materials
5.6.2 Nanocrystalline Tungsten
5.6.3 Liquid Metal
5.6.4 High Energy Laser Weapons
5.7 Nanoweapons
5.7.1 Types of Nanoweapons
5.7.1.1 Molecularly Assembled Nanoweapons
5.7.1.2 Mini-Nukes and Mosquito-Like Robot Weapons
5.7.1.3 Invisible Nano-Needle Bullets
5.7.1.4 Non-Nuclear Bomb
5.7.1.5 Nanoweapons to Replace or Improvise Current Nuclear Weapons
5.7.1.6 New Nano Spies --Nano-Sized Fighter Jets
5.7.1.7 CornerShot
5.7.1.8 Laser-Guided Weapons
5.7.1.9 Bullet Camera (TNO Concept)
5.7.1.10 Landmines and Improvised Explosive Devices
5.8 Defensive Measures to Combat Nanoweapons
5.9 Risks Posed by Nanoweapons
5.10 Need for Preventive Anti-Nanoweapon and Anti-Ecophagic Policies
5.11 Summary
References
6 Nanotechnology to Aid Biological and Chemical Warfare Defense
Madhuri Sharon
6.1 Introduction
6.2 What Is Biological Warfare?
6.2.1 Types of Biological Warfare
6.2.1.1 Bacteria
6.2.1.2 Fungus
6.2.1.3 Virus
6.2.1.4 Insects
6.2.1.5 Biogenic Toxins
6.3 Chemical Warfare
6.3.1 Types of Chemical Weapons
6.3.1.1 Nerve Agents
6.3.1.2 Blister Agents
6.3.1.3 Choking Agents
6.3.1.4 Blood Agents
6.3.1.5 Riot Control Agents
6.4 How Nanotechnology Can Protect from Biological and Chemical Warfare
6.4.1 Nanosensors that Aid Biological and Chemical Warfare
6.4.1.1 Blue Crab Nanosensors
6.4.1.2 Nanowire Biosensors
6.4.1.3 Intracellular Biosensors
6.4.1.4 Biosensors
6.4.1.5 Nanosensor as Nano-Nose
6.4.2 Nanotechnology and Protective Clothing for Defense Personnel
6.4.2.1 Nanofabrics and On-Time Detection and Treatment
6.4.3 Nanorobotics and Other Futuristic Nano-Applications
6.5 Disadvantages of Nanotechnology
6.6 Summary
References
7 Smart Nanofabrics for Defense
Madhuri Sharon
7.1 Introduction
7.2 A Brief History of Smart Skin Material
7.3 Types of Smart Textiles
7.3.1 Passive Smart Textiles
7.3.2 Active Smart Textiles
7.3.3 Ultra Small Textiles
7.4 Fabrication of Smart Textiles
7.4.1 Metal Fibers
7.4.2 Conducting Inks
7.4.3 Inherently Conductive Polymers (ICP)
7.4.3.1 Polypyrrole (PPy)
7.4.3.2 Polyacetylene or Polyethylene or Polythene (PE)
7.4.3.3 Polyaniline (PANi)
7.4.3.4 Polythiophene and Its Derivatives
7.4.4 Electrically Conductive Polymers (ECP)
7.4.5 Optical Fibers
7.4.6 Shape Memory Material (SMM)
7.4.7 Chromic Material
7.4.7.1 Thermochromism
7.4.7.2 Photochromism
7.4.7.3 Electrochromism
7.4.7.4 Piezochromism
7.4.7.5 Solvation Chromism
7.4.8 Phase Change Materials (PCM)
7.5 Nanoparticle Coated Textiles
7.5.1 Antimicrobial Fabrics
7.5.2 Water Repellant (Hydrophobic Fabric), Stain Repellant and Spill Resistant Fabrics
7.5.3 Self-Cleaning Fabrics
7.5.4 UV Radiation Protection
7.5.5 Static Resistant or Anti-Static Fabric
7.6 Applications of Nanoparticle Coated Smart Textiles
7.6.1 Healthcare Fabrics
7.6.2 Self-Powered Smart Textiles
7.6.3 CNT-Based Smart Fabrics
7.6.3.1 CNT and Metallic Antennas for Smart Textiles
7.6.3.2 Cotton Coated with MWCNT for Energy Storage
7.6.3.3 CNT Braided Fabric for Monitoring Composites
7.6.3.4 CNT-Based Smart Electronic Textile
7.7 Sensors for Smart Textiles
7.7.1 Temperature Sensor
7.7.2 Humidity Sensitive Textiles
7.7.3 Capacitive Pressure Sensors
7.7.4 Resistive Pressure Sensors
7.7.5 Optical Textile Sensors
7.8 Actuators for Smart Textile
7.9 Summary
References
8 Nanomaterial for Adaptive Camouflage and Structure
Angelica Silvestre Lopez Rodriguez
8.1 Introduction
8.2 Camouflage
8.3 Camouflage for the Military
8.4 Types of Camouflage
8.4.1 Woodland Camouflage
8.4.2 Desert Camouflage
8.4.3 Desert Camouflage of Three Colors
8.4.4 Digital Army Combat Uniform (ACU) Camouflage
8.4.5 Tiger Stripe Camouflage
8.4.6 City or Urban Camouflage
8.5 Active or Adaptive Camouflage
8.6 Nanomaterials for Advanced Camouflaging
8.6.1 Some Possibilities in the Near Future
8.7 Summary
References
9 Applications of Nanotechnology in Aerospace
Madhuri Sharon
9.1 Introduction
9.2 Use of Nanomaterials in Different Areas of Aviation
9.2.1 Airframe Structure 291
9.2.1.1 Commonly Used Aluminum Alloys in Heavier Parts of the Aircraft
9.2.1.2 Commonly Used Aluminum Alloys in Other Parts of the Aircraft
9.2.1.3 Aluminum Oxide Nanoparticles
9.2.1.4 Nanomaterials for Airframe Structures
9.2.2 Nanocoating
9.2.3 Aero Engine Parts
9.2.4 Aircraft Electrocommunication System
9.2.5 Radar Technology for Detecting Landmines
9.3 Possible Uses of Graphene in Aerospace
9.4 Stealth Technology
9.5 Summary
References
Index
Back to Top