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Submit a ProposalChemical Process Engineering Volume 1
 | Design, Analysis, Simulation, Integration, and Problem Solving with Microsoft Excel-UniSim Software for Chemical Engineers Computation, Physical Property, Fluid Flow, Equipment & Instrument Sizing, Pumps & Compressors, Mass Transfer By A. Kayode Coker and Rahmat Sotudeh-Gharebagh Copyright: 2021 | Status: Published ISBN: 9781119510185 | Hardcover | 520 pages Price: $249 USD  |
One Line Description
Written by one of the most prolific and respected chemical engineers in the world and his co-author, also a well-known and respected engineer, this is the “new standard” in the industry, offering engineers and students alike the most up-do-date, comprehensive, and state-of-the-art coverage of processes and best practices in the field today.
Audience
Petroleum, chemical, and process engineers, petroleum and chemical engineering students, engineers and technicians working in petroleum refining, other engineers and technicians in the oil and gas industry, and engineers working towards Professional Engineering qualifications; also includes those working in the petrochemical, fine chemicals, pharmaceutical and biochemical industries
Petroleum, chemical, and process engineers, petroleum and chemical engineering students, engineers and technicians working in petroleum refining, other engineers and technicians in the oil and gas industry, and engineers working towards Professional Engineering qualifications; also includes those working in the petrochemical, fine chemicals, pharmaceutical and biochemical industries
Description
This new volume explores and describes integrating new tools for engineering education and practice for better utilization of the existing knowledge on process design. Useful not only for students, university professors, and practitioners, especially process, chemical, mechanical and metallurgical engineers, it is also a valuable reference for other engineers, consultants, technicians and scientists concerned about various aspects of industrial design.
The text can be considered as a complementary to process design for senior and graduate students as well as a hands-on reference work or refresher for engineers at entry level. The contents of the book can also be taught in intensive workshops in the oil, gas, petrochemical, biochemical and process industries.
The book provides a detailed description and hands-on experience on process design in chemical engineering, and it is an integrated text that focuses on practical design with new tools, such as Microsoft Excel spreadsheets and UniSim simulation software.
Written by two of the industry’s most trustworthy and well-known authors, this book is the new standard in chemical, biochemical, pharmaceutical, petrochemical and petroleum refining. Covering design, analysis, simulation, integration, and, perhaps most importantly, the practical application of Microsoft Excel-UniSim software, this is the most comprehensive and up-to-date coverage of all of the latest developments in the industry. It is a must-have for any engineer or student’s library.
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This new volume explores and describes integrating new tools for engineering education and practice for better utilization of the existing knowledge on process design. Useful not only for students, university professors, and practitioners, especially process, chemical, mechanical and metallurgical engineers, it is also a valuable reference for other engineers, consultants, technicians and scientists concerned about various aspects of industrial design.
The text can be considered as a complementary to process design for senior and graduate students as well as a hands-on reference work or refresher for engineers at entry level. The contents of the book can also be taught in intensive workshops in the oil, gas, petrochemical, biochemical and process industries.
The book provides a detailed description and hands-on experience on process design in chemical engineering, and it is an integrated text that focuses on practical design with new tools, such as Microsoft Excel spreadsheets and UniSim simulation software.
Written by two of the industry’s most trustworthy and well-known authors, this book is the new standard in chemical, biochemical, pharmaceutical, petrochemical and petroleum refining. Covering design, analysis, simulation, integration, and, perhaps most importantly, the practical application of Microsoft Excel-UniSim software, this is the most comprehensive and up-to-date coverage of all of the latest developments in the industry. It is a must-have for any engineer or student’s library.
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Supplementary Data
Is the only comprehensive and practical guide to using Microsoft Excel-UniSim Software for Chemical Engineers
--Delivers the comprehensive and hands-on guide to using Excel-UniSim Software for Chemical and Process Engineers
--Assists engineers in rapidly analyzing problems and finding effective design methods and select mechanical specifications
--Provides improved design manuals to methods and proven fundamentals of process design with related data and charts
--Covers a complete range of basic day–to–day chemical, biochemical, petrochemical and petroleum refining operations topics with new materials on significant industry changes
--Provides UniSim ®-based case studies for enabling simulation of key processes outlined in the book
--Helps achieve optimum operations and process conditions and shows how to translate design fundamentals into mechanical equipment specifications
--Has a related website that includes computer applications along with spreadsheets and concise applied process design flow charts and process data sheets
Is the only comprehensive and practical guide to using Microsoft Excel-UniSim Software for Chemical Engineers
--Delivers the comprehensive and hands-on guide to using Excel-UniSim Software for Chemical and Process Engineers
--Assists engineers in rapidly analyzing problems and finding effective design methods and select mechanical specifications
--Provides improved design manuals to methods and proven fundamentals of process design with related data and charts
--Covers a complete range of basic day–to–day chemical, biochemical, petrochemical and petroleum refining operations topics with new materials on significant industry changes
--Provides UniSim ®-based case studies for enabling simulation of key processes outlined in the book
--Helps achieve optimum operations and process conditions and shows how to translate design fundamentals into mechanical equipment specifications
--Has a related website that includes computer applications along with spreadsheets and concise applied process design flow charts and process data sheets
Author / Editor Details
A. Kayode Coker, PhD, is an engineering consultant for AKC Technology, an honorary research fellow at the University of Wolverhampton, UK, a former engineering coordinator at Saudi Aramco Shell Refinery Company, and chairman of the Department of Chemical Engineering Technology at Jubail Industrial College, Saudi Arabia. He has been a chartered chemical engineer for more than 30 years. He is a fellow of the Institution of Chemical Engineers, UK, and a senior member of the American Institute of Chemical Engineers. He holds a BSc honors degree in chemical engineering, a master of science degree in process analysis and development and PhD in chemical engineering, all from Aston University, Birmingham, UK, and a Teacher’s Certificate in Education at the University of London, UK. He has directed and conducted short courses extensively throughout the world and has been a lecturer at the university level. His articles have been published in several international journals. He is an author of seven books in chemical engineering, a contributor to the Encyclopedia of Chemical Processing and Design, Vol 61 and a certified train-the-mentor trainer. He is also a technical report assessor and interviewer for chartered chemical engineers (IChemE) in the U.K. He is a member of the International Biographical Centre in Cambridge, UK, is in “Leading Engineers of the World for 2008.” He is also a member of “International Who’s Who of ProfessionalsTM” and “Madison Who’s Who in the U.S.”
A. Kayode Coker, PhD, is an engineering consultant for AKC Technology, an honorary research fellow at the University of Wolverhampton, UK, a former engineering coordinator at Saudi Aramco Shell Refinery Company, and chairman of the Department of Chemical Engineering Technology at Jubail Industrial College, Saudi Arabia. He has been a chartered chemical engineer for more than 30 years. He is a fellow of the Institution of Chemical Engineers, UK, and a senior member of the American Institute of Chemical Engineers. He holds a BSc honors degree in chemical engineering, a master of science degree in process analysis and development and PhD in chemical engineering, all from Aston University, Birmingham, UK, and a Teacher’s Certificate in Education at the University of London, UK. He has directed and conducted short courses extensively throughout the world and has been a lecturer at the university level. His articles have been published in several international journals. He is an author of seven books in chemical engineering, a contributor to the Encyclopedia of Chemical Processing and Design, Vol 61 and a certified train-the-mentor trainer. He is also a technical report assessor and interviewer for chartered chemical engineers (IChemE) in the U.K. He is a member of the International Biographical Centre in Cambridge, UK, is in “Leading Engineers of the World for 2008.” He is also a member of “International Who’s Who of ProfessionalsTM” and “Madison Who’s Who in the U.S.”
Rahmat Sotudeh–Gharebaagh, PhD, is a full professor of chemical engineering at the University of Tehran. He teaches process modeling and simulation, transport phenomena, plant design and economics and soft skills. His research interests include computer-aided process design and simulation, fluidization, and engineering education. He holds a BEng degree in chemical engineering from Iran’s Sharif University of Technology, plus a MSc and a PhD in fluidization engineering from Canada’s Polytechnique. He has been an invited Professor at Qatar University and Polytechnique de Montréal. Professor Sotudeh has more than 300 publications in major international journals and conferences, plus four books and four book chapters. He is the co-founder and editor-in-chief of the journal, Chemical Product and Process Modeling, a member of the Iranian Elite Foundation, and an official expert (OE) on the oil industry with the Iranian Official Expert Organization.
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Table of Contents
Preface
Acknowledgements
About the Authors
1. Computations with Excel Spreadsheet-UniSim Design Simulation
SECTION I - NUMERICAL ANALYSIS
INTRODUCTION
Excel Spreadsheet
Functions
Trendline Coefficients
Goal Seek
SOLVER
LINEAR REGRESSION
Measuring Regression Quality
MULTIPLE REGRESSION
POLYNOMIAL REGRESSION
SIMULTANEOUS LINEAR EQUATIONS
NONLINEAR EQUATIONS
INTERPOLATIONS
INTEGRATIONS
The Trapezoidal Rule
Simpson’s 1/3 Rule
Simpson’s 3/8 Rule
DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS
Nth Order Ordinary Differential Equations
Solution of First-Order Ordinary Differential Equations
Runge-Kutta Methods
EXAMPLES AND SOLUTIONS
SECTION II – PROCESS SIMULATION
INTRODUCTION
Thermodynamics for Process Simulators
UNISIM Design
EXAMPLES AND SOLUTIONS
References
2. Physical Property of Pure Components and Mixtures
PURE COMPONENTS
Density of Liquid
Viscosity of Liquid
Heat Capacity of Liquid
Thermal Conductivity of Liquid
Volumetric Expansion Rate
Vapor Pressure 89 Viscosity of Gas
Thermal Conductivity of Gas
Heat Capacity of Gases
MIXTURES
Surface Tensions
Viscosity of Gas Mixture
Enthalpy of Formation
Enthalpy of Vaporization
Gibbs Energy of Reaction
Henry’s Law Constant for Gases in Water
Coefficient of Thermal Expansion of Liquid
DIFFUSION COEFFICIENTS
Gas-Phase Diffusion Coefficients
Liquid-Phase Diffusion Coefficients
COMPRESSIBILITY Z-FACTOR
SOLUBILITY AND ADSORPTION
Solubility of Hydrocarbons in Water
Solubility of Gases in Water
Solubility of Sulfur and Nitrogen Compounds in Water
Adsorption on Activated Carbon
References
3. Fluid Flow
INTRODUCTION
Flow of Fluids in Pipes
EQUIVALENT LENGTH OF VARIOUS FITTINGS AND VALVES
Excess Head Loss
Pipe Reduction and Enlargement
PRESSURE DROP CALCULATIONS FOR SINGLE-PHASE INCOMPRESSIBLE FLUIDS Friction Factor
Overall Pressure Drop
Nomenclature
COMPRESSIBLE FLUID FLOW IN PIPES
Maximum Flow and Pressure Drop
Critical or Sonic Flow and the Mach Number
Mach Number
Mathematical Model of Compressible Isothermal Flow
Flow Rate Through Pipeline
Pipeline Pressure Drop
Nomenclature
Subscripts
TWO-PHASE FLOW IN PROCESS PIPING
Flow Patterns
Flow Regimes
Pressure Drop
Erosion-Corrosion
Nomenclature
VAPOR-LIQUID TWO-PHASE VERTICAL DOWNFLOW
The Equations
The Algorithm
Nomenclature
LINE SIZES FOR FLASHING STEAM CONDENSATE
The Equations
Nomenclature
FLOW THROUGH PACKED BEDS
The Equations
Nomenclature
EXAMPLES AND SOLUTIONS
References
4. Equipment Sizing
INTRODUCTION
SIZING OF VERTICAL AND HORIZONTAL SEPARATORS
Vertical Separators
Calculation Method for a Vertical Drum
Calculation Method for a Horizontal Drum
Liquid Holdup and Vapor Space Disengagement
Wire Mesh Pad
Standards for Horizontal Separators
Piping Requirements
Nomenclature
SIZING OF PARTLY FILLED VESSELS AND TANKS
The Equations
Nomenclature
PRELIMINARY VESSEL DESIGN
Nomenclature 175 CYCLONE DESIGN
Introduction
Cyclone Design Procedure
The Equations
Saltation Velocity
Pressure Drop
Troubleshooting Cyclone Maloperations
Cyclone Collection Efficiency
Cyclone Design Factor
Cyclone Design Procedure
Nomenclature
GAS DRYER DESIGN
The Equations
Pressure Drop
Desiccant Reactivation
Nomenclature
EXAMPLES AND SOLUTIONS
References
5. Instrument Sizing
INTRODUCTION
Variable-Head Meters
Macroscopic Mechanical Energy Balance
Variable-Head Meters
Orifice Sizing for Liquid and Gas Flows
Orifice Sizing for Liquid Flows
Orifice Sizing for Gas Flows
Orifice Sizing for Liquid Flow
Orifice Sizing for Gas Flow
Types of Restriction Orifice Plates
Case Study 1
NOMENCLATURE
CONTROL VALVE SIZING
INTRODUCTION
Control Valve Characteristics
Pressure Drop for Sizing
Choked Flow
Flashing and Cavitation
CONTROL VALVE SIZING FOR LIQUID, GAS, STEAM AND TWO-PHASE FLOWS Liquid Sizing
Gas Sizing
Critical Condition
Steam Sizing
TWO-PHASE FLOW
Installation
Noise
Control Valve Sizing Criteria
Valve Sizing Criteria
Self-Acting Regulators
Types of Self-Acting Regulators
Case Study 2
RULES OF THUMB
NOMENCLATURE
References
6. Pumps and Compressors Sizing
PUMPS
INTRODUCTION
Pumping of Liquids
Pump Design Standardization
Basic Parts of a Centrifugal Pump
Impellers
Casing
Shaft
CENTRIFUGAL PUMP SELECTION
Single-Stage (Single Impeller) Pumps
Hydraulic Characteristics for Centrifugal Pumps
Friction Losses Due to Flow
Velocity Head
Friction
NET POSITIVE SUCTION HEAD (NPSH) AND PUMP SUCTION
General Suction System
Reductions in NPSHR
Corrections to NPSHR for Hot Liquid Hydrocarbons and Water
Charting NPSHR Values of Pumps
Net Positive Suction Head (NPSH)
Specific Speed
“Type Specific Speed”
Rotative Speed
Pumping Systems and Performance
System Head Using Two Different Pipe Sizes in Same Line
POWER REQUIREMENTS FOR PUMPING THROUGH PROCESS LINES
Hydraulic Power
Relations Between Head, Horsepower, Capacity, Speed
Brake Horsepower (BHP) Input at Pump
AFFINITY LAWS
Pump Parameters
Specific Speed, Flowrate and Power Required by a Pump
Pump Sizing of Gas-Oil
Debutanizer Unit
CENTRIFUGAL PUMP EFFICIENCY
Centrifugal Pump Specifications
Pump Specifications
Steps in Pump Sizing
Reciprocating Pumps
Significant Features in Reciprocating Pump Arrangements
Application
Performance
Discharge Flow Patterns
HORSEPOWER
Pump Selection
Selection Rules-of-Thumb
A CASE STUDY
Pump Simulation on a PFD
Variables Descriptions
SIMULATION ALGORITHM
Problem
Discussion
Pump Cavitation
Factors in Pump Selection
COMPRESSORS
INTRODUCTION
General Application Guide
Specification Guides
GENERAL CONSIDERATIONS FOR ANY TYPE OF COMPRESSOR FLOW CONDITIONS
Fluid Properties
Compressibility
Corrosive Nature
Moisture
Special Conditions
Specification Sheet
PERFORMANCE CONSIDERATIONS
Cooling Water to Cylinder Jackets
Heat Rejected to Water
Drivers
Ideal Pressure – Volume Relationship
Actual Compressor Diagram
DEVIATIONS FROM IDEAL GAS LAWS: COMPRESSIBILITY
Adiabatic Calculations 344 Charles’ Law at Constant Pressure
Amonton’s Law at Constant Volume
Combined Boyle’s and Charles’ Laws
Entropy Balance Method
Isentropic Exponent Method
COMPRESSION RATIO
Horsepower
Single Stage
Theoretical Hp
Actual Brake Horsepower, Bhp
Actual Brake Horsepower, Bhp (Alternate Correction for Compressibility) Temperature Rise – Adiabatic
Temperature Rise – Polytropic
A CASE STUDY USING UNISIM DESIGN R460.1 SOFTWARE FOR A TWO–STAGE COMPRESSION
CASE STUDY 2
Solution
1. Starting UniSim Design Software
2. Creating a New Simulation
Saving the Simulation
3. Adding Components to the Simulation
4. Selecting a Fluids Package
5. Select the Units for the Simulation
6. Enter Simulation Environment
Accidentally Closing the PFD
Object Palette
7. Adding Material Streams
8. Specifying Material Streams
9. Adding A Compressor
Specifications
COMPRESSION PROCESS
Adiabatic
Isothermal
Polytropic
Efficiency
Head
ADIABATIC HEAD DEVELOPED PER SINGLE-STAGE WHEEL
Polytropic Head
Polytropic
Brake Horsepower
Speed of Rotation
TEMPERATURE RISE DURING COMPRESSION
Sonic or Acoustic Velocity
MACH NUMBER
Specific Speed
COMPRESSOR EQUATIONS IN SI UNITS
Polytropic Compressor
Adiabatic Compressor
Efficiency
Mass Flow Rate, w
Mechanical Losses
Estimating Compressor Horsepower
Multistage Compressors
Multicomponent Gas Streams
AFFINITY LAWS
Speed
Impeller Diameters (Similar)
Impeller Diameter (Changed)
Effect of Temperature
AFFINITY LAW PERFORMANCE
TROUBLESHOOTING OF CENTRIFUGAL AND RECIPROCATING COMPRESSORS NOMENCLATURE
Greek Symbols
Subscripts
Nomenclature
Subscripts
Greek Symbols
References
Pumps
Bibliography
References
Compressors
Bibliography
7. Mass Transfer
INTRODUCTION
VAPOR LIQUID EQUILIBRIUM
BUBBLE POINT CALCULATION
DEW POINT CALCULATION
EQUILIBRIUM FLASH COMPOSITION
Fundamental
The Equations
The Algorithm
Nomenclature
TOWER SIZING FOR VALVE TRAYS
Introduction
The Equations
Nomenclature
Greek Letters
PACKED TOWER DESIGN
Introduction
Pressure Drop
Flooding
Operating and Design Conditions
Design Equations
Packed Towers versus Trayed Towers
Economic Trade-Offs
Nomenclature
Greek Letters
DETERMINATION OF PLATES IN FRACTIONATING COLUMNS BY THE SMOKER EQUATIONS
Introduction
The Equations
Application to a Distillation Column
Rectifying Section:
Stripping Section:
Nomenclature
MULTICOMPONENT DISTRIBUTION AND MINIMUM TRAYS
IN DISTILLATION COLUMNS
Introduction
Key Components
Equations Surveyed
Fractionating Tray Stability Diagrams
Areas of Unacceptable Operation
Foaming
Flooding
Entrainment
Weeping/Dumping
Fractionation Problem Solving Considerations
Mathematical Modeling
The Fenske’s Method for Total Reflux
The Gilliland Method for Number of Equilibrium Stages
The Underwood Method
Equations for Describing Gilliland’s Graph
Kirkbride’s Feed Plate Location
Nomenclature
Greek Letters
EXAMPLES AND SOLUTIONS
References
Index
Back to Top
Preface
Acknowledgements
About the Authors
1. Computations with Excel Spreadsheet-UniSim Design Simulation
SECTION I - NUMERICAL ANALYSIS
INTRODUCTION
Excel Spreadsheet
Functions
Trendline Coefficients
Goal Seek
SOLVER
LINEAR REGRESSION
Measuring Regression Quality
MULTIPLE REGRESSION
POLYNOMIAL REGRESSION
SIMULTANEOUS LINEAR EQUATIONS
NONLINEAR EQUATIONS
INTERPOLATIONS
INTEGRATIONS
The Trapezoidal Rule
Simpson’s 1/3 Rule
Simpson’s 3/8 Rule
DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS
Nth Order Ordinary Differential Equations
Solution of First-Order Ordinary Differential Equations
Runge-Kutta Methods
EXAMPLES AND SOLUTIONS
SECTION II – PROCESS SIMULATION
INTRODUCTION
Thermodynamics for Process Simulators
UNISIM Design
EXAMPLES AND SOLUTIONS
References
2. Physical Property of Pure Components and Mixtures
PURE COMPONENTS
Density of Liquid
Viscosity of Liquid
Heat Capacity of Liquid
Thermal Conductivity of Liquid
Volumetric Expansion Rate
Vapor Pressure 89 Viscosity of Gas
Thermal Conductivity of Gas
Heat Capacity of Gases
MIXTURES
Surface Tensions
Viscosity of Gas Mixture
Enthalpy of Formation
Enthalpy of Vaporization
Gibbs Energy of Reaction
Henry’s Law Constant for Gases in Water
Coefficient of Thermal Expansion of Liquid
DIFFUSION COEFFICIENTS
Gas-Phase Diffusion Coefficients
Liquid-Phase Diffusion Coefficients
COMPRESSIBILITY Z-FACTOR
SOLUBILITY AND ADSORPTION
Solubility of Hydrocarbons in Water
Solubility of Gases in Water
Solubility of Sulfur and Nitrogen Compounds in Water
Adsorption on Activated Carbon
References
3. Fluid Flow
INTRODUCTION
Flow of Fluids in Pipes
EQUIVALENT LENGTH OF VARIOUS FITTINGS AND VALVES
Excess Head Loss
Pipe Reduction and Enlargement
PRESSURE DROP CALCULATIONS FOR SINGLE-PHASE INCOMPRESSIBLE FLUIDS Friction Factor
Overall Pressure Drop
Nomenclature
COMPRESSIBLE FLUID FLOW IN PIPES
Maximum Flow and Pressure Drop
Critical or Sonic Flow and the Mach Number
Mach Number
Mathematical Model of Compressible Isothermal Flow
Flow Rate Through Pipeline
Pipeline Pressure Drop
Nomenclature
Subscripts
TWO-PHASE FLOW IN PROCESS PIPING
Flow Patterns
Flow Regimes
Pressure Drop
Erosion-Corrosion
Nomenclature
VAPOR-LIQUID TWO-PHASE VERTICAL DOWNFLOW
The Equations
The Algorithm
Nomenclature
LINE SIZES FOR FLASHING STEAM CONDENSATE
The Equations
Nomenclature
FLOW THROUGH PACKED BEDS
The Equations
Nomenclature
EXAMPLES AND SOLUTIONS
References
4. Equipment Sizing
INTRODUCTION
SIZING OF VERTICAL AND HORIZONTAL SEPARATORS
Vertical Separators
Calculation Method for a Vertical Drum
Calculation Method for a Horizontal Drum
Liquid Holdup and Vapor Space Disengagement
Wire Mesh Pad
Standards for Horizontal Separators
Piping Requirements
Nomenclature
SIZING OF PARTLY FILLED VESSELS AND TANKS
The Equations
Nomenclature
PRELIMINARY VESSEL DESIGN
Nomenclature 175 CYCLONE DESIGN
Introduction
Cyclone Design Procedure
The Equations
Saltation Velocity
Pressure Drop
Troubleshooting Cyclone Maloperations
Cyclone Collection Efficiency
Cyclone Design Factor
Cyclone Design Procedure
Nomenclature
GAS DRYER DESIGN
The Equations
Pressure Drop
Desiccant Reactivation
Nomenclature
EXAMPLES AND SOLUTIONS
References
5. Instrument Sizing
INTRODUCTION
Variable-Head Meters
Macroscopic Mechanical Energy Balance
Variable-Head Meters
Orifice Sizing for Liquid and Gas Flows
Orifice Sizing for Liquid Flows
Orifice Sizing for Gas Flows
Orifice Sizing for Liquid Flow
Orifice Sizing for Gas Flow
Types of Restriction Orifice Plates
Case Study 1
NOMENCLATURE
CONTROL VALVE SIZING
INTRODUCTION
Control Valve Characteristics
Pressure Drop for Sizing
Choked Flow
Flashing and Cavitation
CONTROL VALVE SIZING FOR LIQUID, GAS, STEAM AND TWO-PHASE FLOWS Liquid Sizing
Gas Sizing
Critical Condition
Steam Sizing
TWO-PHASE FLOW
Installation
Noise
Control Valve Sizing Criteria
Valve Sizing Criteria
Self-Acting Regulators
Types of Self-Acting Regulators
Case Study 2
RULES OF THUMB
NOMENCLATURE
References
6. Pumps and Compressors Sizing
PUMPS
INTRODUCTION
Pumping of Liquids
Pump Design Standardization
Basic Parts of a Centrifugal Pump
Impellers
Casing
Shaft
CENTRIFUGAL PUMP SELECTION
Single-Stage (Single Impeller) Pumps
Hydraulic Characteristics for Centrifugal Pumps
Friction Losses Due to Flow
Velocity Head
Friction
NET POSITIVE SUCTION HEAD (NPSH) AND PUMP SUCTION
General Suction System
Reductions in NPSHR
Corrections to NPSHR for Hot Liquid Hydrocarbons and Water
Charting NPSHR Values of Pumps
Net Positive Suction Head (NPSH)
Specific Speed
“Type Specific Speed”
Rotative Speed
Pumping Systems and Performance
System Head Using Two Different Pipe Sizes in Same Line
POWER REQUIREMENTS FOR PUMPING THROUGH PROCESS LINES
Hydraulic Power
Relations Between Head, Horsepower, Capacity, Speed
Brake Horsepower (BHP) Input at Pump
AFFINITY LAWS
Pump Parameters
Specific Speed, Flowrate and Power Required by a Pump
Pump Sizing of Gas-Oil
Debutanizer Unit
CENTRIFUGAL PUMP EFFICIENCY
Centrifugal Pump Specifications
Pump Specifications
Steps in Pump Sizing
Reciprocating Pumps
Significant Features in Reciprocating Pump Arrangements
Application
Performance
Discharge Flow Patterns
HORSEPOWER
Pump Selection
Selection Rules-of-Thumb
A CASE STUDY
Pump Simulation on a PFD
Variables Descriptions
SIMULATION ALGORITHM
Problem
Discussion
Pump Cavitation
Factors in Pump Selection
COMPRESSORS
INTRODUCTION
General Application Guide
Specification Guides
GENERAL CONSIDERATIONS FOR ANY TYPE OF COMPRESSOR FLOW CONDITIONS
Fluid Properties
Compressibility
Corrosive Nature
Moisture
Special Conditions
Specification Sheet
PERFORMANCE CONSIDERATIONS
Cooling Water to Cylinder Jackets
Heat Rejected to Water
Drivers
Ideal Pressure – Volume Relationship
Actual Compressor Diagram
DEVIATIONS FROM IDEAL GAS LAWS: COMPRESSIBILITY
Adiabatic Calculations 344 Charles’ Law at Constant Pressure
Amonton’s Law at Constant Volume
Combined Boyle’s and Charles’ Laws
Entropy Balance Method
Isentropic Exponent Method
COMPRESSION RATIO
Horsepower
Single Stage
Theoretical Hp
Actual Brake Horsepower, Bhp
Actual Brake Horsepower, Bhp (Alternate Correction for Compressibility) Temperature Rise – Adiabatic
Temperature Rise – Polytropic
A CASE STUDY USING UNISIM DESIGN R460.1 SOFTWARE FOR A TWO–STAGE COMPRESSION
CASE STUDY 2
Solution
1. Starting UniSim Design Software
2. Creating a New Simulation
Saving the Simulation
3. Adding Components to the Simulation
4. Selecting a Fluids Package
5. Select the Units for the Simulation
6. Enter Simulation Environment
Accidentally Closing the PFD
Object Palette
7. Adding Material Streams
8. Specifying Material Streams
9. Adding A Compressor
Specifications
COMPRESSION PROCESS
Adiabatic
Isothermal
Polytropic
Efficiency
Head
ADIABATIC HEAD DEVELOPED PER SINGLE-STAGE WHEEL
Polytropic Head
Polytropic
Brake Horsepower
Speed of Rotation
TEMPERATURE RISE DURING COMPRESSION
Sonic or Acoustic Velocity
MACH NUMBER
Specific Speed
COMPRESSOR EQUATIONS IN SI UNITS
Polytropic Compressor
Adiabatic Compressor
Efficiency
Mass Flow Rate, w
Mechanical Losses
Estimating Compressor Horsepower
Multistage Compressors
Multicomponent Gas Streams
AFFINITY LAWS
Speed
Impeller Diameters (Similar)
Impeller Diameter (Changed)
Effect of Temperature
AFFINITY LAW PERFORMANCE
TROUBLESHOOTING OF CENTRIFUGAL AND RECIPROCATING COMPRESSORS NOMENCLATURE
Greek Symbols
Subscripts
Nomenclature
Subscripts
Greek Symbols
References
Pumps
Bibliography
References
Compressors
Bibliography
7. Mass Transfer
INTRODUCTION
VAPOR LIQUID EQUILIBRIUM
BUBBLE POINT CALCULATION
DEW POINT CALCULATION
EQUILIBRIUM FLASH COMPOSITION
Fundamental
The Equations
The Algorithm
Nomenclature
TOWER SIZING FOR VALVE TRAYS
Introduction
The Equations
Nomenclature
Greek Letters
PACKED TOWER DESIGN
Introduction
Pressure Drop
Flooding
Operating and Design Conditions
Design Equations
Packed Towers versus Trayed Towers
Economic Trade-Offs
Nomenclature
Greek Letters
DETERMINATION OF PLATES IN FRACTIONATING COLUMNS BY THE SMOKER EQUATIONS
Introduction
The Equations
Application to a Distillation Column
Rectifying Section:
Stripping Section:
Nomenclature
MULTICOMPONENT DISTRIBUTION AND MINIMUM TRAYS
IN DISTILLATION COLUMNS
Introduction
Key Components
Equations Surveyed
Fractionating Tray Stability Diagrams
Areas of Unacceptable Operation
Foaming
Flooding
Entrainment
Weeping/Dumping
Fractionation Problem Solving Considerations
Mathematical Modeling
The Fenske’s Method for Total Reflux
The Gilliland Method for Number of Equilibrium Stages
The Underwood Method
Equations for Describing Gilliland’s Graph
Kirkbride’s Feed Plate Location
Nomenclature
Greek Letters
EXAMPLES AND SOLUTIONS
References
Index
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BISAC SUBJECT HEADINGS
TEC047000 : TECHNOLOGY & ENGINEERING / Petroleum
SCI024000 : SCIENCE / Energy
BUS070040 : BUSINESS & ECONOMICS / Industries / Energy
BIC CODES
THF: Fossil fuel technologies
TDCB: Chemical Engineering
PHDY: Energy
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