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Submit a ProposalDesigning Weldments
 | By Ramesh Singh Copyright: 2022 | Status: Published ISBN: 978111986515 | Hardcover | 209 pages | 97 illustrations Price: $175 USD  |
One Line Description
An important tool for professionals wishing to enhance their understanding or those who are new to the subject, Designing Weldments bridges that gap between structural engineers and a deeper understanding of the welding engineering within the structures.
Audience
The intended market for this book is professionals working on the infrastructural projects in shipbuilding, construction of buildings, bridges, offshore platforms, wind towers for renewable energy, and other structures that join plates, pipes, and pipelines in power plants, manufacturing, and repair.
The intended market for this book is professionals working on the infrastructural projects in shipbuilding, construction of buildings, bridges, offshore platforms, wind towers for renewable energy, and other structures that join plates, pipes, and pipelines in power plants, manufacturing, and repair.
Description
In modern-day construction, welding is the primary method to join various members of any structure. Welds are required to meet various types of load in tension, compression, torsion, and perform in static or cyclic loading conditions. The weld has to be at least as strong as the parent metal to meet the demands of various stress working on the structure. It should meet the structural requirement, add value to the integrity of the structure, and prevent failures.
However, many design engineers lack even a fundamental insight or a basic understanding of essential welding processes and design requirements. Simply copying a few joint configurations in a drawing will not suffice. All-embracing and readable, Designing Weldments delivers a deeper understanding of many design factors that play a critical role in the design. The book clarifies welding design principles and applications. With this reference in hand, designers will have expert knowledge to consider very early on in the project, the implications of the choice of what type of weld to use for joining structural members, and how the component is made. The author explains the many welding techniques developed over the years, as well as some of which are still evolving.
The reader will also find in this book:
• Rules of thumb for saving time and money in the design phase of a project.
• An insider’s view for choosing the proper welding approach to ensure the overall strength of a structure.
• Offers structural engineers a deeper understanding of the weld within their structures.
• Clarifies welding design principles and applications, limiting the necessity to redesign the structure.
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In modern-day construction, welding is the primary method to join various members of any structure. Welds are required to meet various types of load in tension, compression, torsion, and perform in static or cyclic loading conditions. The weld has to be at least as strong as the parent metal to meet the demands of various stress working on the structure. It should meet the structural requirement, add value to the integrity of the structure, and prevent failures.
However, many design engineers lack even a fundamental insight or a basic understanding of essential welding processes and design requirements. Simply copying a few joint configurations in a drawing will not suffice. All-embracing and readable, Designing Weldments delivers a deeper understanding of many design factors that play a critical role in the design. The book clarifies welding design principles and applications. With this reference in hand, designers will have expert knowledge to consider very early on in the project, the implications of the choice of what type of weld to use for joining structural members, and how the component is made. The author explains the many welding techniques developed over the years, as well as some of which are still evolving.
The reader will also find in this book:
• Rules of thumb for saving time and money in the design phase of a project.
• An insider’s view for choosing the proper welding approach to ensure the overall strength of a structure.
• Offers structural engineers a deeper understanding of the weld within their structures.
• Clarifies welding design principles and applications, limiting the necessity to redesign the structure.
Back to Top
Author / Editor Details
Ramesh Singh, MS, IEng, MWeldI, is registered as an Incorporated Engineer with the British Engineering Council UK and a Member of The Welding Institute, UK. He worked as an engineer for various operating and EPC organizations in the Middle East, Canada, and the US. Most recently, he worked for 10 years with Gulf Interstate Engineering, Houston, TX. He is now consulting in the field of welding, corrosion engineering, pipeline integrity, and related materials and corrosion topics. Ramesh is a graduate of the Indian Air Force Technical Academy, with diplomas in Structural Fabrication Engineering and Welding Technology. He has been a member and officer of the Canadian Standard Association and NACE and serves on several technical committees. He has worked in industries spanning aeronautical, alloy steel castings, fabrication, machining, welding engineering, petrochemical, and oil and gas. He has written several technical papers and published articles in leading industry magazines, addressing the practical aspects of welding, construction, and corrosion issues relating to structures, equipment, and pipelines. He recently authored Welding Processes Handbook (Wiley-Scrivener, 2021).
Ramesh Singh, MS, IEng, MWeldI, is registered as an Incorporated Engineer with the British Engineering Council UK and a Member of The Welding Institute, UK. He worked as an engineer for various operating and EPC organizations in the Middle East, Canada, and the US. Most recently, he worked for 10 years with Gulf Interstate Engineering, Houston, TX. He is now consulting in the field of welding, corrosion engineering, pipeline integrity, and related materials and corrosion topics. Ramesh is a graduate of the Indian Air Force Technical Academy, with diplomas in Structural Fabrication Engineering and Welding Technology. He has been a member and officer of the Canadian Standard Association and NACE and serves on several technical committees. He has worked in industries spanning aeronautical, alloy steel castings, fabrication, machining, welding engineering, petrochemical, and oil and gas. He has written several technical papers and published articles in leading industry magazines, addressing the practical aspects of welding, construction, and corrosion issues relating to structures, equipment, and pipelines. He recently authored Welding Processes Handbook (Wiley-Scrivener, 2021).
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Table of Contents
List of Figures
List of Tables
Foreword
Preface
1 Properties and Strength of Material
1.1 Introduction
2. Properties of Metals
2.1 Material Properties
2.1.1 Structure Insensitive Properties
2.1.2 Structure Sensitive Properties
2.1.3 Mechanical Properties
2.1.3.1 Modulus of Elasticity
2.1.3.2 Tensile Strength
2.1.3.3 Yield Strength
2.1.3.4 Fatigue Strength
2.1.3.5 Ductility
2.1.3.6 Elastic Limit
2.1.3.7 Impact Strength
2.1.3.8 Energy Absorption in Impact Testing
2.1.3.9 Transition Temperature for Energy Absorption
2.1.3.10 Transition Temperature for Lateral Expansion
2.1.3.11 Drop-Weight Tear Test (DWTT)
2.1.3.12 Fracture Toughness
2.1.4 Low Temperature Properties
2.1.4.1 Metal Strength at Low Temperature
2.1.5 Elevated Temperature Properties
2.1.6 Physical Properties
2.1.6.1 Thermal Conductivity
2.1.6.2 Coefficient of Thermal Expansion
2.1.6.3 Melting Point
2.1.7 Electrical Conductivity
2.1.8 Corrosion Properties
3. Design: Load Conditions
3.1 Design of Welds
3.2 Design by Calculations
3.2.1 Different Types of Loading
3.2.2 Tension
3.2.3 Compression
3.2.4 Bending
3.2.5 Shear
3.2.6 Torsion
3.2.7 Flat Sections
3.2.8 Round Cross Sectionals
3.2.9 Transfer of Forces
4. Design of Welds and Weldments
4.1 Introduction 35 4.1.1 Structural Types that Affect Weld Design
4.2 Full Penetration Welds
4.3 Partial Penetration Welds
4.4 Groove Welds
4.4.1 Definitions of Terms Applicable to Groove Welds
4.4.1.1 Effective Length
4.4.1.2 Effective Size of CJP Groove Welds
4.4.1.3 Effective Weld Size (Flare Groove)
4.4.1.4 Effective Area of Groove Welds
4.5 Weld Grooves
4.5.1 Square Groove Welds
4.5.2 Single Bevel Groove Welds
4.5.3 Double Bevel Groove Weld
4.5.4 Single-V-Groove Weld
4.5.5 Double-V-Groove Welds
4.5.6 Single or Double-J-Groove Weld
4.5.7 Single or Double-U-Groove Weld
4.6 Fillet Welds
4.6.1 Definitions Applicable to Fillet Welds
4.6.1.1 Effective Length (Straight)
4.6.1.2 Effective Length (Curved)
4.6.1.3 Minimum Length
4.6.1.4 Intermittent Fillet Welds (Minimum Length)
4.6.1.5 Maximum Effective Length
4.6.1.6 Calculation of Effective Throat
4.6.1.7 Reinforcing Fillet Welds
4.6.1.8 Maximum Weld Size in Lap Joints
4.6.1.9 Effective Area of Fillet Welds
4.7 About Fillet Weld
4.7.1 Filet Weld Defined and Explained
4.7.1.1 Single Fillet Welds
4.7.1.2 Double Fillet Welds
4.7.1.3 Combined Groove and Fillet Welds
4.8 Weld Design and Loading
4.8.1 Common Conditions to Consider When Designing Welded Connections
4.8.2 Marking the Fabrication and Construction Drawings
4.8.3 Effective Areas
4.8.4 Effective Area of Groove Welds
4.9 Sizing Fillet Welds
4.9.1 Effective Length of Straight Fillet Welds
4.9.2 The Determination of Effective Throat of a Fillet Weld
4.9.2.1 Fillet Welds Joining Perpendicular Members
4.9.2.2 Fillet Weld in Acute Angle
4.9.2.3 Fillet Welds That Make Angle Between 60o and 80o
4.9.2.4 Fillet Welds That Make Acute Angle Between 60o and 30o
4.9.2.5 Reinforcing Fillet Welds
4.9.3 Fillet Welds - Minimum Size
4.9.4 Maximum Weld Size in Lap Joints
4.9.5 Skewed T-Joints
4.9.5.1 T–Joint Welds in Acute Angles Between 80° and 60° and in Obtuse Angles Greater Than 100°
4.9.5.2 T-Joint Welds in Angles Between 60° and 30°
4.9.5.3 T-Joint Welds in Angles Less than 30°
4.9.5.4 Effective Length of Skewed T-Joints
4.9.5.5 Effective Throat of Skewed T-Joints
4.9.5.6 Effective Area of Skewed T-Joints
4.10 Fillet Welds in Holes and Slots
4.10.1 Slot Ends
4.10.2 Effective Length of Fillet Welds in Holes or Slots
4.10.3 Effective Area of Fillet Welds in Holes or Slots
4.10.4 Diameter and Width Limitations
4.10.5 Slot Length and Shape
4.10.6 Effective Area of Plug and Slot Welds
4.11 Designing Calculations for Skewed Fillet Weld
4.12 Treating Weld as a Line
4.12.1 Calculation Approach
4.12.2 Finding the Size of the Weld
4.12.3 Calculated Stresses
4.12.4 Stress in Fillet Welds
4.12.5 Joint Configuration and Details
4.12.6 Compression Member Connections and Splices
4.12.7 Where There is an Issue of Through-Thickness Loading on the Base Plate 4.12.8 Determining the Capacity of Combinations of Welds
4.12.9 Corner and T-Joint Surface Contouring
4.12.10 Weld Access Holes
4.12.11 Welds with Rivets or Bolts
4.12.12 Joint Configuration and Details
4.12.12.1 Groove Welds-Transitions in Thickness and Widths
4.12.12.2 Partial Length CJP Groove Weld Prohibition
4.12.12.3 Flare Welds, Flare Groove and Intermittent PJP Groove Welds
4.12.12.4 Joint Configuration and Details
4.12.12.5 Termination of Fillet Welds
4.12.12.6 Fillet Welds in Holes and Slots
4.13 Design of Tubular Connections
4.13.1 Weld Joint Design
4.13.2 Uneven Distribution of Load
4.13.3 Collapse
4.13.4 Lamellar Tear and Lamination
4.13.5 Fatigue
4.14 Design for Cyclic Loading
4.14.1 Improving Fatigue Performance of Welds, and Evaluation of S-N Curves for Design
4.14.1.1 Typical Weld Flushing Plan
4.15 Aluminum
4.15.1 Aluminum Alloys and Their Characteristics
4.15.1.1 Aluminum Alloy Series 1xxx
4.15.1.2 Aluminum Alloy Series 2xxx
4.15.1.3 Aluminum Alloy Series 3xxx
4.15.1.4 Aluminum Alloy Series 4xxx
4.15.1.5 Aluminum Alloy Series 5xxx
4.15.1.6 Aluminum Alloy Series 6xxx
4.15.1.7 Aluminum Alloy Series 7xxx
4.15.2 The Aluminum Alloy Temper and Designation System
4.15.3 Wrought Alloy Designation System
4.15.4 Cast Alloy Designation
4.15.5 The Aluminum Temper Designation System
4.16 Welding Aluminum
4.16.1 Aluminum Welding Electrodes
4.16.2 Electrical Parameters
4.17 Design for Welding Aluminum
4.17.1 Effect of Welding on the Strength of Aluminum and its Alloys
4.17.2 Effect of Service Temperature
4.17.3 Type of Weld Joints for Aluminum Welding
4.17.3.1 Butt Joints
4.17.4 Lap Joint for Aluminum Welding
4.17.5 Use of T-Joints in Aluminum Welding
4.18 Distribution of Stress in Aluminum Weld Design
4.18.1 Shear Strength of Aluminum Fillet Welds
4.18.2 Fatigue Strength in Aluminum Welds
4.19 Heat and Distortion Control
4.19.1 Angular Distortion
4.19.2 Longitudinal Distortions
5. Introduction to Welding Processes
5.1 Introduction
5.2 Shielded Metal Arc Welding (SMAW)
5.3 Gas Tungsten Arc Welding
5.4 Gas Metal Arc Welding
5.5 Flux Cored Arc Welding (FCAW)
5.6 Submerged Arc Welding (SAW)
5.7 Electroslag Welding (ESW)
5.8 Plasma Arc Welding
5.9 Stud Welding
5.10 Oxyfuel Gas Welding
5.11 Hyperbaric Welding
5.12 Application of Welding Processes
6. Welding Symbols
6.1 Introduction
6.2 Common Weld Symbols and Their Meanings
6.2.1 The Basic Structure of Welding Symbol
6.2.2 Types of Welds and Their Symbols
6.3 Fillet Welds
6.3.1 The Length of the Fillet Weld
6.4 Groove Welds
6.4.1 Square Groove Welds
6.4.2 V-Groove Welds
6.5 Bevel Groove Welds
6.5.1 U-Groove Welds
6.5.2 J-Groove Welds
6.5.3 Flare-V Groove Welds
6.5.4 Flare Bevel Groove Weld
6.6 Plug and Slot Welds
7. Structural Design and Welding Specifications, and Other Useful Information
7.1 Introduction
7.2 Structural Welding Codes
7.3 Useful Engineering Information
Index
Back to Top
List of Figures
List of Tables
Foreword
Preface
1 Properties and Strength of Material
1.1 Introduction
2. Properties of Metals
2.1 Material Properties
2.1.1 Structure Insensitive Properties
2.1.2 Structure Sensitive Properties
2.1.3 Mechanical Properties
2.1.3.1 Modulus of Elasticity
2.1.3.2 Tensile Strength
2.1.3.3 Yield Strength
2.1.3.4 Fatigue Strength
2.1.3.5 Ductility
2.1.3.6 Elastic Limit
2.1.3.7 Impact Strength
2.1.3.8 Energy Absorption in Impact Testing
2.1.3.9 Transition Temperature for Energy Absorption
2.1.3.10 Transition Temperature for Lateral Expansion
2.1.3.11 Drop-Weight Tear Test (DWTT)
2.1.3.12 Fracture Toughness
2.1.4 Low Temperature Properties
2.1.4.1 Metal Strength at Low Temperature
2.1.5 Elevated Temperature Properties
2.1.6 Physical Properties
2.1.6.1 Thermal Conductivity
2.1.6.2 Coefficient of Thermal Expansion
2.1.6.3 Melting Point
2.1.7 Electrical Conductivity
2.1.8 Corrosion Properties
3. Design: Load Conditions
3.1 Design of Welds
3.2 Design by Calculations
3.2.1 Different Types of Loading
3.2.2 Tension
3.2.3 Compression
3.2.4 Bending
3.2.5 Shear
3.2.6 Torsion
3.2.7 Flat Sections
3.2.8 Round Cross Sectionals
3.2.9 Transfer of Forces
4. Design of Welds and Weldments
4.1 Introduction 35 4.1.1 Structural Types that Affect Weld Design
4.2 Full Penetration Welds
4.3 Partial Penetration Welds
4.4 Groove Welds
4.4.1 Definitions of Terms Applicable to Groove Welds
4.4.1.1 Effective Length
4.4.1.2 Effective Size of CJP Groove Welds
4.4.1.3 Effective Weld Size (Flare Groove)
4.4.1.4 Effective Area of Groove Welds
4.5 Weld Grooves
4.5.1 Square Groove Welds
4.5.2 Single Bevel Groove Welds
4.5.3 Double Bevel Groove Weld
4.5.4 Single-V-Groove Weld
4.5.5 Double-V-Groove Welds
4.5.6 Single or Double-J-Groove Weld
4.5.7 Single or Double-U-Groove Weld
4.6 Fillet Welds
4.6.1 Definitions Applicable to Fillet Welds
4.6.1.1 Effective Length (Straight)
4.6.1.2 Effective Length (Curved)
4.6.1.3 Minimum Length
4.6.1.4 Intermittent Fillet Welds (Minimum Length)
4.6.1.5 Maximum Effective Length
4.6.1.6 Calculation of Effective Throat
4.6.1.7 Reinforcing Fillet Welds
4.6.1.8 Maximum Weld Size in Lap Joints
4.6.1.9 Effective Area of Fillet Welds
4.7 About Fillet Weld
4.7.1 Filet Weld Defined and Explained
4.7.1.1 Single Fillet Welds
4.7.1.2 Double Fillet Welds
4.7.1.3 Combined Groove and Fillet Welds
4.8 Weld Design and Loading
4.8.1 Common Conditions to Consider When Designing Welded Connections
4.8.2 Marking the Fabrication and Construction Drawings
4.8.3 Effective Areas
4.8.4 Effective Area of Groove Welds
4.9 Sizing Fillet Welds
4.9.1 Effective Length of Straight Fillet Welds
4.9.2 The Determination of Effective Throat of a Fillet Weld
4.9.2.1 Fillet Welds Joining Perpendicular Members
4.9.2.2 Fillet Weld in Acute Angle
4.9.2.3 Fillet Welds That Make Angle Between 60o and 80o
4.9.2.4 Fillet Welds That Make Acute Angle Between 60o and 30o
4.9.2.5 Reinforcing Fillet Welds
4.9.3 Fillet Welds - Minimum Size
4.9.4 Maximum Weld Size in Lap Joints
4.9.5 Skewed T-Joints
4.9.5.1 T–Joint Welds in Acute Angles Between 80° and 60° and in Obtuse Angles Greater Than 100°
4.9.5.2 T-Joint Welds in Angles Between 60° and 30°
4.9.5.3 T-Joint Welds in Angles Less than 30°
4.9.5.4 Effective Length of Skewed T-Joints
4.9.5.5 Effective Throat of Skewed T-Joints
4.9.5.6 Effective Area of Skewed T-Joints
4.10 Fillet Welds in Holes and Slots
4.10.1 Slot Ends
4.10.2 Effective Length of Fillet Welds in Holes or Slots
4.10.3 Effective Area of Fillet Welds in Holes or Slots
4.10.4 Diameter and Width Limitations
4.10.5 Slot Length and Shape
4.10.6 Effective Area of Plug and Slot Welds
4.11 Designing Calculations for Skewed Fillet Weld
4.12 Treating Weld as a Line
4.12.1 Calculation Approach
4.12.2 Finding the Size of the Weld
4.12.3 Calculated Stresses
4.12.4 Stress in Fillet Welds
4.12.5 Joint Configuration and Details
4.12.6 Compression Member Connections and Splices
4.12.7 Where There is an Issue of Through-Thickness Loading on the Base Plate 4.12.8 Determining the Capacity of Combinations of Welds
4.12.9 Corner and T-Joint Surface Contouring
4.12.10 Weld Access Holes
4.12.11 Welds with Rivets or Bolts
4.12.12 Joint Configuration and Details
4.12.12.1 Groove Welds-Transitions in Thickness and Widths
4.12.12.2 Partial Length CJP Groove Weld Prohibition
4.12.12.3 Flare Welds, Flare Groove and Intermittent PJP Groove Welds
4.12.12.4 Joint Configuration and Details
4.12.12.5 Termination of Fillet Welds
4.12.12.6 Fillet Welds in Holes and Slots
4.13 Design of Tubular Connections
4.13.1 Weld Joint Design
4.13.2 Uneven Distribution of Load
4.13.3 Collapse
4.13.4 Lamellar Tear and Lamination
4.13.5 Fatigue
4.14 Design for Cyclic Loading
4.14.1 Improving Fatigue Performance of Welds, and Evaluation of S-N Curves for Design
4.14.1.1 Typical Weld Flushing Plan
4.15 Aluminum
4.15.1 Aluminum Alloys and Their Characteristics
4.15.1.1 Aluminum Alloy Series 1xxx
4.15.1.2 Aluminum Alloy Series 2xxx
4.15.1.3 Aluminum Alloy Series 3xxx
4.15.1.4 Aluminum Alloy Series 4xxx
4.15.1.5 Aluminum Alloy Series 5xxx
4.15.1.6 Aluminum Alloy Series 6xxx
4.15.1.7 Aluminum Alloy Series 7xxx
4.15.2 The Aluminum Alloy Temper and Designation System
4.15.3 Wrought Alloy Designation System
4.15.4 Cast Alloy Designation
4.15.5 The Aluminum Temper Designation System
4.16 Welding Aluminum
4.16.1 Aluminum Welding Electrodes
4.16.2 Electrical Parameters
4.17 Design for Welding Aluminum
4.17.1 Effect of Welding on the Strength of Aluminum and its Alloys
4.17.2 Effect of Service Temperature
4.17.3 Type of Weld Joints for Aluminum Welding
4.17.3.1 Butt Joints
4.17.4 Lap Joint for Aluminum Welding
4.17.5 Use of T-Joints in Aluminum Welding
4.18 Distribution of Stress in Aluminum Weld Design
4.18.1 Shear Strength of Aluminum Fillet Welds
4.18.2 Fatigue Strength in Aluminum Welds
4.19 Heat and Distortion Control
4.19.1 Angular Distortion
4.19.2 Longitudinal Distortions
5. Introduction to Welding Processes
5.1 Introduction
5.2 Shielded Metal Arc Welding (SMAW)
5.3 Gas Tungsten Arc Welding
5.4 Gas Metal Arc Welding
5.5 Flux Cored Arc Welding (FCAW)
5.6 Submerged Arc Welding (SAW)
5.7 Electroslag Welding (ESW)
5.8 Plasma Arc Welding
5.9 Stud Welding
5.10 Oxyfuel Gas Welding
5.11 Hyperbaric Welding
5.12 Application of Welding Processes
6. Welding Symbols
6.1 Introduction
6.2 Common Weld Symbols and Their Meanings
6.2.1 The Basic Structure of Welding Symbol
6.2.2 Types of Welds and Their Symbols
6.3 Fillet Welds
6.3.1 The Length of the Fillet Weld
6.4 Groove Welds
6.4.1 Square Groove Welds
6.4.2 V-Groove Welds
6.5 Bevel Groove Welds
6.5.1 U-Groove Welds
6.5.2 J-Groove Welds
6.5.3 Flare-V Groove Welds
6.5.4 Flare Bevel Groove Weld
6.6 Plug and Slot Welds
7. Structural Design and Welding Specifications, and Other Useful Information
7.1 Introduction
7.2 Structural Welding Codes
7.3 Useful Engineering Information
Index
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