Search

Browse Subject Areas

For Authors

Submit a Proposal

Textile Dyes and Pigments

A Green Chemistry Approach

Edited by Pintu Pandit, Kunal Singha, Subhankar Maity, and Shakeel Ahmed
Copyright: 2022   |   Status: Published
ISBN: 9781119904915  |  Hardcover  |  
478 pages | 180 illustrations
Price: $225 USD
Add To Cart

One Line Description
The book covers the best possible innovation and advancement in dyes and pigments for application in textile materials.

Audience
The book will be of prime interest to researchers and industry manufacturers and engineering in dyes, pigments, textile processing technology, fiber technology, and textile chemistry. It will also be an invaluable reference guide to new scholars and industry personnel who wish to learn about green dyes and pigments and their relevant application processes.

Description
Green chemistry can be applied across the life cycle of a chemical-intensive product, including its design, manufacture, use, and ultimate disposal. Innovations to green approaches are required either by developing a whole new set of eco-friendly dyes and pigments or by developing and designing unique dyeing methods.
Textile Dyes and Pigments: A Green Chemistry Approach is a response to the many industries currently using conventional textile dyeing and pigmentation methods that are looking for sustainable green chemical options. It describes the various organic and inorganic color pigments and recent developments in vat, reactive, disperse, acid, and azo dyes and their importance in the field of green chemistry. It also covers the various challenges, opportunities, approaches, techniques, marketing, and alternative procedures/sustainable routes involved in developing textile dyes and pigments with green practices. Moreover, the book addresses the structure, process, and nitty-gritty of modern dyes and pigments in the textile and garment sectors.

Back to Top
Author / Editor Details
Pintu Pandit, PhD, is an assistant professor in the Textile Design Department at the National Institute of Fashion Technology under the Ministry of Textiles, Govt. of India, Patna campus. He is a PhD (Tech.) and M.Tech. in Fibers and Textile Processing Technology from the Institute of Chemical Technology, Mumbai, India. He has published many research articles in SCI journals and edited four books with the Wiley-Scrivener imprint.

Kunal Singha, PhD, is an assistant professor in the Department of Textile Design at the National Institute of Fashion Technology, Patna, India. He received M.Tech in fiber science and engineering from the Indian Institute of Technology Delhi and his PhD in supply and manufacturing chain & marketing from the Indian Institute Kharagpur.

Subhankar Maity, PhD, is an assistant professor in the Department of Textile Technology at Uttar Pradesh Textile Technology Institute, Kanpur, India. His PhD was in textile technology and he has more than 10 years of industrial, teaching, and research experience.

Shakeel Ahmed, PhD, is an assistant professor in chemistry at the Higher Education Department, Government of Jammu and Kashmir, India. He obtained his PhD in biopolymers and bionanaocomposites from Jamia Millia Islamia in the year 2016 and has published several research publications in the area of green nanomaterials and biopolymers for various applications including biomedical, packaging, sensors, and water treatment.

Back to Top

Table of Contents
Preface
1. Introduction to Advancement in Textile Dyes and Pigments
Pintu Pandit, Kunal Singha and Subhankar Maity
1.1 Introduction
1.2 Classification of Dyes
1.2.1 Classification Based on the Source of Material
1.2.1.1 Natural Dyes
1.2.1.2 Synthetic/Man-Made Dyes and Pigments
1.3 Advancement in Wet Processing Technology 5
1.3.1 Ultrasonic Assisted Dyeing
1.3.1.1 Ultrasonic Radiation
1.3.1.2 Dyeing with Ultrasound
1.3.1.3 Potential Advantages of Ultrasound Technology
1.3.1.4 Limitations of Ultrasound Technology
1.3.2 Microwave-Assisted Dyeing
1.3.3 Electrochemical Dyeing
1.3.3.1 Direct Electrochemical Dyeing
1.3.3.2 Indirect Electrochemical Dyeing
1.3.3.3 Liquor Recycling in Electrochemical Dyeing
1.3.4 Plasma Technology in Textile Processing
1.3.4.1 Dyeability of Cotton Substrate
1.3.4.2 Dyeability of Synthetic Fibers
1.3.5 Supercritical Carbon Dioxide (CO2) Dyeing System
1.3.5.1 Supercritical Wool Dyeing
1.3.6 Reverse Micellar System
1.3.7 E-Control
1.4 Conclusions
References
2. Reactive Dye and Its Advancements
Sankar Roy Maulik, Ahana Bhattacharya, Partha Pratim Roy and Kausik Maiti
2.1 Introduction
2.2 Reactive Dyes—Classification
2.2.1 Comparison between Procion and Remazol Class of Dyes
2.2.2 Bifunctional Reactive Dyes
2.3 Methods of Application
2.4 Stripping of Reactive Dyes
2.5 Reactive Dyeing Process
2.6 Some Commercially Available Reactive Dyes
2.6.1 Levasol Dyes
2.6.2 Coralite Dyes
2.6.3 TULACTIV XLE Dyes
2.6.4 TULAREVS XL Dyes
2.6.5 TULAREVS Supra F/HS
2.6.6 TULAREVS Supra HS
2.6.7 TULACTIV C/CC
2.6.8 PROCION M
2.6.9 TULACON C
2.6.10 AVITERA SE
2.7 Reactive Dyes on Silk
2.8 Development of Reactive Dyes and Dyeing Process
2.9 Conclusion
Acknowledgment
References
3. Gravimetric Analysis, Kinetic Study and Optimization of Salt and Alkali
in Reactive Dyeing
Anjum Ahmad, S.R. Shukla, Pintu Pandit and Saptarshi Maiti
3.1 Introduction
3.2 Materials and Methods
3.2.1 Chemicals for Salt and Kinetic Study of Reactive Dye
3.2.2 Experimental Procedures
3.2.3 Kinetic Study of Reactive Dyes
3.2.4 Optimization of Salt and Alkali in Reactive Dyeing
3.3 Results and Discussion
3.3.1 Gravimetric Analysis of Salt in Reactive Dyes
3.3.2 Kinetic Study of Reactive Dyes
3.3.3 Optimization of Salt and Alkali in Reactive Dyeing
3.4 Conclusions
References
4. Applications of Chromic Dyes: Examples of Pressure-Sensitive Paint (PSP)
and Dyes
Kunal Singha, Pintu Pandit, Subhankar Maity and Saptarshi Maiti
4.1 Introduction
4.2 Pressure-Sensitive Paint (PSP)—As Chromic Dye and Pigment Materials
4.2.1 Working Principle of PSP
4.2.2 Photon Excitation
4.2.3 Characteristics of PSP
4.2.4 Making Process of Nano-Siliconed Metal Complex Dye PSP Particle
4.2.5 Calculation of Wavelength Intensity of PSP
4.3 PSP Luminance Material Optical Intensity Characterization
4.4 Basic Elements in PSP Setup
4.5 Advantage of PSP
4.6 Limitation of PSP
4.7 Conclusions
References
5. Vat Dye and Its Evolution in Dyeing
Sankar Roy Maulik, Deepasree Chakraborty, Manisha Mohanty and Chaitali Debnath
5.1 Introduction
5.2 Properties
5.3 Classification
5.4 Physical Form
5.5 Principle of Dyeing
5.6 Methods of Application
5.6.1 Yarn Dyeing
5.6.2 Yarn on Beams or in Package Forms
5.6.3 Fabric Dyeing
5.6.3.1 Exhaust Dyeing (Batch-Wise Process)
5.6.3.2 Semi-Continuous Process
5.6.3.3 Continuous Process
5.6.4 Dyeing of Viscose/Polynosic Rayons
5.6.5 Dyeing of Flax and Linen
5.7 Stripping of Vat-Dyed Materials
5.8 Defects in Dyeing
5.9 Ecofriendly Reducing Agent
5.10 Conclusion
Acknowledgment
References
6. Advancement in Indigo Dyeing
Sankar Roy Maulik and Pintu Pandit
6.1 Introduction
6.2 Dyeing With Natural Indigo
6.2.1 Preparation of Dye Dispersion
6.2.2 Preparation of the Blank Bath
6.2.3 Reduction and Solubilization
6.2.4 Dye Bath
6.2.5 Oxidation
6.2.6 After Treatment
6.3 Batik Work and Tie-Dye with Natural Indigo
6.4 Different Ecofriendly Reducing Agent
6.5 Chemical Properties and Dyeing
6.6 Indigo Denim
6.7 Method of Indigo Dyeing
6.7.1 Cable Dyeing (Ball Warp Dyeing)
6.7.2 Open-Width Dyeing (Slasher Dyeing)
6.7.3 Loop Dyeing Machines
6.7.4 Indigo Dyeing/Sizing Machines
6.8 Indigo Recovery and Reuse
6.9 Yellowing or Ozone Fading
6.10 Factors Affecting Indigo Destructions and Prevention of Yellowing
6.11 Conclusion
References
7. Advancement in Denim Dyeing
Sukumar Roy and Syamal Maiti
7.1 Introduction
7.2 Evaluation of Indigo Dyeing Technology for Denim
7.3 Chemical Vats
7.4 Modern Methods
7.4.1 Green Indigo Dyeing
7.5 Techniques of Denim Dyeing
7.5.1 Batch Dyeing Technique
7.6 Continuous Dyeing Techniques
7.6.1 Continuous Yarn Dyeing Techniques
7.6.1.1 Rope Dyeing
7.6.1.2 Slasher Dyeing
7.6.1.3 Loop Dyeing
7.6.1.4 Bottoming and Topping
7.6.1.5 Continuous Fabric Dyeing Technique
7.7 Dyeing of Denim Garments
7.8 Garment Dyeing Process
7.9 Preparation of Garment Dyeing
7.10 Selection of Colorants for Garment Dyeing
7.11 After Treatments for Garment Dyed Fabrics
7.12 Garment Dyeing Machinery
7.13 Advances in Garment Dyeing
7.14 Conclusion
References
8. Ecofriendly Single-Bath Acid Dyeing and Multifunctional Finishing of Silk Fabric Using Coconut Shell Extract
Pintu Pandit and M. D. Teli
8.1 Introduction
8.2 Materials and Methods
8.2.1 Materials
8.2.2 Coconut Shell Extract Application on Silk Fabric
8.2.3 Determination of Add-On Percentage
8.2.4 Flammability Assessment
8.2.5 Evaluation of Coloration on Silk Fabric
8.2.6 Ultraviolet (UV) Visible Spectrophotometric Analysis
8.2.7 Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA) and Ultraviolet Protection Factor (UPF) Analysis
8.2.8 Antibacterial Activity
8.2.9 Attenuated Total Reflection (ATR) Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) Analysis
8.2.10 Scanning Electron Microscopic (SEM)-Energy Dispersive Spectrometric (EDS) Analysis
8.2.11 X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) Analysis
8.2.12 Assessment of Fastness Properties
8.2.13 Application of Alum and Tannic Acid as Mordants with Coconut Shell Extract
8.2.14 Wash Durability of the Finish
8.3 Results and Discussion
8.3.1 Natural and Acid Dyeing of the Silk Fabric
8.3.2 Vertical and LOI Flame Retardancy Analysis
8.3.3 ATR-FTIR Analysis
8.3.4 Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA) in a Nitrogen Atmosphere
8.3.5 SEM Analysis
8.3.6 Char Characteristics of Untreated and CSE-Treated Silk Fabric
8.3.7 EDS Analysis
8.3.8 Ultraviolet Protection Property of CSE-Treated Silk Fabric
8.3.9 Antibacterial Test of Coconut Shell Extract on Silk Fabric
8.3.10 X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) Analysis
8.3.11 Assessment of Fastness Properties of the Dyed Silk Fabric
8.3.12 Application of Alum and Tannic Acid as Mordants With Coconut Shell Extract on Silk Fabric
8.3.12.1 Vertical Flammability and LOI Test of CSE-Treated Silk Fabric
8.3.12.2 ATR-FTIR Analysis
8.3.12.3 TGA Analysis
8.3.12.4 Ultraviolet Protection of CSE-Treated Silk Fabric
8.3.12.5 Antibacterial Activity of CSE-Treated Silk Fabric
8.3.12.6 Coloration of Silk Fabric With Alum and Tannic Acid
8.3.12.7 Fastness Properties of Dyed Silk Fabric with Alum and Tannic Acid
8.4 Conclusions
References
9. Growths and Advancement of Disperse Dyes in Recent Years
Laimayum Jogeeta Devi, Oinam Roselyn Devi and Pintu Pandit
9.1 Introduction
9.2 Disperse Dyes
9.2.1 History of Disperse Dyes
9.2.2 Classification of Disperse Dye
9.2.2.1 Based on the Field of Application
9.2.2.2 Based on Chemical Structure
9.2.3 Chemical Structure of Disperse Dyes
9.3 Application of Disperse Dyes in Polyester
9.3.1 General Methods of Application of Disperse Dyes on Polyester
9.3.2 Carrier Dyeing
9.3.3 High-Temperature Dyeing
9.3.3.1 Adsorption Phase
9.3.3.2 Diffusion Phase
9.3.3.3 Clearing Phase
9.4 Thermosol Process
9.5 Recent Advances in the Application of Disperse Dyes on Polyester
9.6 Toxicity of Disperse Dyes
9.7 Recent Development in Disperse Dye
9.7.1 Ecofriendly Discharge Printing Disperse Dye
9.7.2 Development Auxiliaries for Dyeing Polyester with Disperse Dyes at Low Temperatures
9.7.3 New Thiazole-Based Antimicrobial Disperse Dye
9.7.4 Dispersant Free Disperse Dye
9.7.5 Vanilla as a Natural Alternative to Commercial Carriers
9.8 Development of Nano Disperse Dye
9.9 Conclusions
References
10. Decolorization of C.I. Disperse Orange-25 Dye From Aqueous Solution
by Using Modified Biopolymer: Adsorption Equilibrium, Kinetics, and Thermodynamics
Tejasvi Potdar, Vikrant Gorade and Ravindra D. Kale
10.1 Introduction
10.2 Materials and Methods
10.2.1 Materials
10.2.2 Modification of Surface
10.2.3 Batch Mode Adsorption Studies
10.2.4 Characterization
10.3 Results and Discussions
10.3.1 FTIR Analysis
10.3.2 SEM-EDX Analysis
10.3.3 BET Analysis
10.3.4 Effect of pH of the Solution
10.3.5 Effect of Amount of Sorbent
10.3.6 Effect of Concentration and Contact Time
10.3.7 Effect of Temperature
10.3.8 Reusability Study
10.3.9 COD Reduction
10.3.10 Equilibrium Isotherm Modeling
10.3.11 Adsorption Kinetics
10.4 Conclusion
Acknowledgments
References
11. Ecofriendly Coloration of Polyester by Dispersant-Free Disperse Dyes
Chet Ram Meena
11.1 Introduction
11.2 Necessity of Ecofriendly Chemicals/Auxiliaries
11.3 Ecofriendly Practices in Textile Processing
11.4 Dyes and Their Limitations
11.4.1 Azo/Carcinogenic/Allergenic Dyes
11.4.2 Disperse Dyes
11.4.2.1 Forms of Disperse Dyes
11.5 Scopes for Development in Disperse Dyes
11.6 Chromophoric Systems of Disperse Dyes
11.6.1 Azo Chromophoric Systems
11.6.2 Monoazo Disperse Dyes
11.6.3 Azo Disperse Dyes Based on Benezenoid Diazo Compounds
11.6.4 Anthraquinone-Based Disperse Dyes
11.7 Dispersing Agents
11.8 Dispersant-Free Disperse Dyes
11.8.1 Dispersant-Free Dyeing of Polyester with Temporarily Solubilized Disperse Dyes
11.8.2 Ecofriendly Dyeing of Poly (Trimethylene Terephthalate) (PTT) with Temporarily Solubilized Azo Disperse Dyes Based on Pyridone Derivatives
11.8.3 Dispersant-Free Dyeing of Polyester with Temporarily Solubilized Azo Disperse Dyes from Indole Derivatives
11.8.4 Temporarily Solubilized Alkali-Clearable Azo Disperse Dye
11.8.5 Dispersant-Free Dyeing of Polyester with Temporarily Solubilized Azo Disperse Dyes from 1-Substituted-2-Hydroxypyrid-6-One Derivatives
11.9 Innovations in Coloration Techniques of Disperse Dye
11.9.1 Dyeing in Nonaqueous Systems
11.9.2 Development in Ultrasound Dyeing Technique
11.9.3 Coloration Polyester by the Modified Azoic Combination
11.10 Microencapsulated Dyeing
11.11 Electro Powder Spraying Process
11.12 Microemulsion Dyeing
11.13 Synthesis of Dispersant-Free Disperse Dye
11.13.1 Sulfomethylation of Aniline
11.13.2 Sulfomethylation of m-Toluidine
11.13.3 Diazotisation and Coupling
11.14 Characterization of Synthesized Dyes
11.14.1 FTIR Spectra of Dye 1 and Dye 2
11.14.2 Spectral Properties of Synthesized Dyes
11.14.3 Evaluation of Dispersibility of Synthesized Dyes
11.15 Dyeing of Polyester with Synthesized Dyes
11.15.1 Evaluation of % Dye Exhaustion
11.15.2 Effect of Dyebath pH
11.15.3 Color Measurements of Dyed Polyester Fabrics
11.15.4 Color Assessment of Dye 1 and Dye 2
11.15.5 Effect of Dye Concentration
11.15.6 Evaluation of Color Fastness Properties
11.15.7 COD Analysis of Synthesized Dyes and Comparison with a Commercial Disperse Dye
11.16 Conclusions
References
12. Advances in the Thiazole Backbone—Classification, Synthesis, Properties,
and Applications of Azo Dyes
Zahir Ali Siddiqui, Babita Chaudhary, Srishti Tewari, Nagaiyan Sekar and Sandeep More
12.1 Introduction
12.2 Classification of the Thiazole-Based Azo Dyes
12.3 Synthetic Routes for the Synthesis of Thiazole-Based Azo Dyes
12.4 Classification of the Thiazole-Based Dyes
12.4.1 Thiazole-Benzene-Based Azo Dyes
12.4.2 Thiazole-Pyridine and Thiazole-Diazole-Based Azo Dye
12.4.3 Thiazole-Thiophene-Based Azo Dyes
12.4.4 Thiazole-Benzothiazole-Based Azo Dyes
12.4.5 Bis-Thiazole-Aryl–Based Thiazole Azo Dye
12.4.6 Thiazole-Hybrid Silicon Dioxide–Based Azo Dye
12.5 Conclusions
References
13. Simultaneous Azoic Dyeing and Multifunctional Finishing of Cotton Fabric
Pintu Pandit, M.D. Teli and Pravin P. Chavan
13.1 Introduction
13.2 Materials and Methods
13.2.1 Materials
13.2.2 Extraction of Coconut Shell Extract
13.2.3 Synthesis of Azoic Dye
13.2.3.1 Naphtholation Method
13.2.3.2 Preparation of Base
13.2.4 Dyeing Process
13.2.5 Color Measurements
13.2.6 UV-Visible Spectrophotometric Analysis
13.2.7 Flammability Assessment
13.2.8 Ultraviolet Protection Factor (UPF) Analysis
13.2.9 Antibacterial Testing
13.2.10 Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA)
13.2.11 ATR-FTIR Analysis
13.2.12 Scanning Electron Microscopic (SEM) Analysis
13.2.13 Tensile Strength and Elongation at Break
13.2.14 Fastness Properties
13.2.15 Durability to Washing of Dyed and Finished Fabric
13.3 Results
13.3.1 Color Measurement of Dyed Cotton Fabric
13.3.2 Fastness Properties of Dyed Cotton Fabric
13.3.3 UV-Visible Spectroscopy Analysis
13.3.4 ATR-FTIR Analysis
13.3.5 Vertical and LOI Flame Retardancy Analysis of Treated Cotton Fabric
13.3.6 TGA Analysis
13.3.7 UV Protection Properties of Fabric
13.3.8 Antibacterial Activity of Dyed Fabric
13.3.9 SEM Analysis
13.3.10 Tensile Strength Analysis
13.4 Conclusion
References
14. Functional Aspects of Natural Dyes
Seiko Jose, Sabu Thomas, Anuradha Sankaran and Kumari Medha
14.1 Introduction
14.2 Antimicrobial Activities of Natural Dyes
14.2.1 Textiles and Microbes
14.2.2 Natural Dyes as Antimicrobial Agents for Textiles
14.3 Important Natural Dyes Having Antimicrobial Properties
14.3.1 Turmeric
14.3.2 Pomegranate Rind
14.3.3 Henna
14.3.4 Rubia cordifolia
14.3.5 Acacia catechu
14.3.6 Artocarpus heterophyllus
14.3.7 Onion (Allium cepa)
14.3.8 Indigo (Indigofera tinctoria)
14.4 Methods of Assessment
14.5 Mode of Action
14.6 Factors Affecting the Antimicrobial Activity of Natural Dyes on Textiles
14.7 Moth-Repellent Properties of Natural Dyes
14.7.1 Moth Attacking Woollens
14.7.2 Natural Sources for Moth Repellency
14.7.3 Phytochemicals Responsible for Mothproofing
14.7.4 Moth Repellency Test for Natural Dyes
14.8 UV Protection Properties
14.8.1 General Mechanism of Natural UV Absorbers
14.8.2 Types of Chromophores
14.8.2.1 Flavonoids
14.8.2.2 Anthocyanin
14.8.2.3 Curcumin
14.8.2.4 Catechin
14.8.2.5 Carotenoids
14.8.2.6 Anthraquinone
14.8.2.7 Indigo
14.8.3 Influence of Dye Concentration
14.9 Deodorizing Properties
14.9.1 Important Natural Dyes Having Deodorant Property
14.9.1.1 Commiphora Myrrha
14.9.1.2 Gallnut
14.9.1.3 Coffee Ground Residues
14.9.1.4 Tea
14.10 Agro-Waste as a Source of Natural Dyes for Functional Finishing
14.11 Future Aspects and Market
14.12 Conclusion
References
15. Sustainable Application of Flavonoid-Based Natural Colorants
Mahwish Salman, Shahid Adeel, Fatima Batool, Muhammad Usama, Atya Hassan, Meral Ozomay and Mozhgan Hosseinnezhad
15.1 Introduction
15.2 Flavonoids
15.2.1 Flavanols
15.2.2 Anthocyanin
15.2.3 Flavanones
15.2.4 Flavanols
15.2.5 Isoflavones
15.2.6 Flavones
15.3 Extraction Strategies
15.3.1 Conventional Methods
15.3.2 Modern Methods
15.4 Carthamus Tinctorius L. (Safflower)
15.5 Tagetes Erecta L. (Marigold)
15.6 Crocus Sativus L. (Saffron)
15.7 Acacia Nilotica (Acacia)
15.8 Camellia Sinensis L. (Tea)
15.9 Allium Cepa L. (Onion)
15.10 Rosa Indica (Rose)
15.11 Vitis Vinifera (Common Grapevine)
15.12 Fagopyrum Esculentum (Buckwheat)
15.13 Liriope Platyphylla (Liriope)
15.14 Conclusion
Acknowledgment
References
16. Natural Dyes—A Way Forward
Akankshya Panda, Saptarshi Maiti, Pallavi Madiwale and Ravindra Adivarekar
16.1 Introduction
16.2 Synthetic Dyes: A Threat to Our Ecosystem
16.3 Sustainable Dyes and Pigments
16.4 Drive Toward Greener and Sustainable Dyes
16.5 Dyes and Pigments from Natural Sources
16.5.1 Plant Origin
16.5.2 Animal Origin
16.5.3 Mineral Origin
16.5.4 Microbial Origin
16.6 Production, Extraction, and Purification
16.7 Semisynthetic/Modified Dyes
16.8 Ecofriendly Dyeing Methods vs Natural Dyes
16.9 Emergence Toward Natural Dyes: Challenges and Sustainability
16.10 Biodyes and Their Acceptance: Reality Check
16.11 Natural Colorants: An Environment-Friendly Alternative to Synthetic Dyes
16.11.1 Renewable and Biodegradable
16.11.2 Revegetation and Greening Land
16.11.3 Norms Restricted Colorants
16.11.4 Availability and Supply
16.11.5 Suitability on Industrial Processes
16.11.6 Costing
16.12 Fight to Optimize Their Variability
16.13 Effect of Mordants and Its Repercussions
16.14 Market Contest (Price, Quality, Availability, and Shade Matching)
16.15 Recent Developments
16.16 Conclusion
References
17. Rejuvenation of Natural Dyes From Medicinal-Based Plants
Shahid Adeel, Noman Habib, Aqsa Kanwal, Zeeshan Ali Shah, Mozhgan Hosseinnezhad, Fatima Batool and Muhammad Abdul Qayyum
17.1 Introduction
17.2 Classification of Natural Dyes
17.3 Isolation Methods
17.3.1 Conventional Methods
17.3.2 Modern Methods
17.4 Mordanting as Shade Development Process
17.5 Natural Dye Sources
17.5.1 Coffee
17.5.2 Lily Flower (Lilium)
17.5.3 Jamun (Syzygium Jambolana)
17.5.4 Peepal (Ficus Religiosa)
17.5.5 Walnut Tree (Juglan Regia)
17.5.6 Maddar (Rubia Cordifolia)
17.5.7 Saffron (Crocus Sativus)
17.5.8 Rose (Rosa Indica)
17.6 Importance of Natural Dyes in Electronics
17.7 Conclusion
References
18. Recent Advances in Developing Ecofriendly Cost-Effective Textile
Processing
Shahid Adeel, Tanvir Ahmad, Fazal-ur-Rehman, Muhammad Kamran, Muhammad Sultan, Nimra Amin and Atya Hassan
18.1 Introduction
18.2 Fabrics Used in Textiles
18.2.1 Cotton
18.2.2 Wool
18.2.3 Silk
18.2.4 Polyester
18.2.5 Polyamide
18.3 Radiation as a Novel Tool
18.4 Microwave (MW) Radiation
18.5 Ultrasonic (US) Radiation
18.6 Ultraviolet (UV) Radiation
18.7 Gamma Radiation
18.8 Plasma Treatment
18.9 Recent Advances in Textile
18.9.1 Effect of MW on Cotton Fabric Dyeing
18.9.2 Effect of MW on Silk Fabric Dyeing
18.9.3 Effect of MW on Wool Fabric Dyeing
18.9.4 Effect of MW on Polyester Fabric Dyeing
18.9.5 Effect of US on Cotton Fabric Dyeing
18.9.6 Effect of US on Silk Fabric Dyeing
18.9.7 Effect of US on Wool Fabric
18.9.8 Effect of US on Polyester Fabric
18.9.9 Effect of UV on Cotton Fabric Dyeing
18.9.10 Effect of UV on Polyester Fabric Dyeing
18.10 Conclusion
Acknowledgment
References
19. Coloration with Natural Dyes of North-Eastern Region of India
Ritwik Chakraborty, Th. Basanta Singh, Palash Paul and Arup Kumar Haloi
19.1 Introduction
19.2 Natural Dyes
19.2.1 Basics of Natural Dyes
19.2.2 Salient Advantages and Disadvantages of Natural Dyes
19.2.2.1 Advantages of Natural Dyes
19.2.2.2 Limitation/Disadvantages of Natural Dyes
19.3 Natural Dyes of NER
19.4 Coloration with Selected Natural Dyes of NER
19.4.1 Experimental
19.4.2 Result of Dye Extraction and Coloration
19.4.2.1 Extraction of Color Component and Optimization of Extraction Conditions
19.4.2.2 Dyeing of Cotton and Silk with Extracted Dye Stuff
19.5 Conclusion
Acknowledgment
References
20. Aspects of Mordants and Metal Complex Dyes
Pranjul Vajpeyee, Sakshi Singh, Subhankar Maity, Pintu Pandit and Kunal Singha
20.1 Introduction
20.2 Chemistry of Metal-Complex Dyes
20.3 Premetallized Dyes
20.3.1 Premetallized Dye – 1:1 Type
20.3.2 Premetallized Dye – 1:2 Type
20.4 Structural Characteristics of Metal Complex Dyes
20.5 Stereochemistry and Isomerism
20.6 Mordant Dyes
20.6.1 Onchrome Method
20.6.2 Metachrome Method
20.6.3 After-Chrome Method
20.7 Kinetics of Metal Complex Dye
20.8 Intraparticle Diffusion Model
20.9 Determination of Chromium Content
20.10 Conclusions
References
21. Challenges in Developing Sustainable Dyes and Pigments
Yogesh Gaikwad
21.1 Introduction
21.2 Sustainable Product
21.3 Sustainability in the Context of Dyes and Pigments
21.4 Sustainable Technologies for Dyeing and Printing
21.5 Digital Printing
21.6 Supercritical Dyeing
21.7 Selected Pigment Printing Methods
21.8 Laser Printing on Denim
21.9 D Mounding or 3D Printing
21.10 Sustainable Pigments
21.11 Future Perspective and Conclusion
References
22. Evolutions in Green Chemistry and Sustainable Economy
Ashok Athalye
22.1 Introduction
22.2 Rising Textile Consumption
22.3 Ecological Aspects in Textile Pocessing
22.4 Sustainability in Textile Value Chain
22.5 Expectations of a Textile Processor
22.6 Evolution of Eco-Norms
22.7 Environmental Management Systems
22.8 Green Chemistry and Technology
22.8.1 Water Saving
22.8.2 Energy Saving
22.9 Ecology and Ecosystems
22.10 Pollutants From Textile Processing
22.11 Influent and Input Output Analysis
22.11.1 Process Chemicals
22.12 Effluent Characteristics
22.13 Ecostandards and Certifications
22.14 Conclusions
References
23. Progress in Innovative Green Chemistry and Circular Economy in Textiles
Subhankar Maity, Pintu Pandit, Kunal Singha and Saurav Kar
23.1 Introduction
23.2 Green Chemicals and Hazardous Substances
23.2.1 Toxic Metals/Heavy Metals
23.2.2 Toxic Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs)
23.3 Recent Trends in Green Solvents
23.4 Textile Supply Chain and Life Cycle Assessment
23.5 Green Textile Fibers
23.5.1 Greener Natural Fibers
23.5.2 Greener Production of Regenerated Cellulose Fibers
23.6 Approach Toward Green Textile Pretreatment Processes
23.7 Approaches for Greener Textile Coloration
23.8 Barriers of Green Chemistry
23.9 Circular Economy
23.10 Challenges for Circular Economy
23.11 Conclusions
References
24. Critical Review on the Role of Nanomaterials in Textile Wastewater Treatment
Shanmugasundaram O. Lakshmanan
24.1 Introduction
24.2 Titanium-di-oxide Nanoparticles on Photocatalytic Activity
24.3 Tin Oxide Nanoparticles
24.4 Carbon Nanotubes
24.5 Silver Nanoparticles
24.6 Nanoparticles Doped with Transition Metals
24.7 Nanocomposites
24.8 Other Nanomaterials
24.9 Limitations of Nanomaterials
24.10 Conclusion
References
Index

Back to Top



Description
Author/Editor Details
Table of Contents
Bookmark this page