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Submit a ProposalPrebiotics and Probiotics in Disease Regulation and Management
 | Edited by Rajesh K. Kesharwani, Tingirikari Jagan Mohan Rao and Raj K. Keservani
Copyright: 2022 | Expected Pub Date: // ISBN: 9781394166275 | Hardcover | 338 pages Price: $195 USD  |
One Line Description
The book covers all the emerging technologies and the challenges related to the
synthesis and application of prebiotics, and probiotics including the recent
developments in the delivery of prebiotics, probiotics for the treatment of various diseases, the immune-boosting activity of the emerging prebiotics, and probiotic ingredients, and the anti-cancer and anti-tumor potentials.
Audience
The book will be read by food scientists and biotechnologists, as well as researchers in nutraceuticals and food processing research companies, nutraceutical/supplement product developers, and those in pharmaceutical companies.
The book will be read by food scientists and biotechnologists, as well as researchers in nutraceuticals and food processing research companies, nutraceutical/supplement product developers, and those in pharmaceutical companies.
Description
The demand for biobased products is increasing enormously, among which are prebiotic oligosaccharides and probiotics, which occupy a major share of the food industry. Even though the majority of agro waste is currently being used for the production of 2G biofuels, agro waste such as citrus peel, sugar beet pulp, copra meal, and wheat husk can be considered for the production of prebiotic oligosaccharides. Prebiotics are dietary fibers that are selectively fermented by the microbes present in the gut and promote the growth of beneficial bacteria in the intestine and regulate the growth of harmful bacteria.
The book highlights the importance of nutraceuticals (prebiotics, and probiotics) in maintaining gut homeostasis, prevention, and treatment of gut-related disorders, as anti-cancer agents, immune-modulatory agents, and treatment of metabolic disorders. It brings out the current challenges involved in the formulation and development of nutraceuticals, together with the application of nanotechnology and bioinformatics-based approaches to study the effect of nutraceuticals on oral health, and gut microflora in a very precise way.
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The demand for biobased products is increasing enormously, among which are prebiotic oligosaccharides and probiotics, which occupy a major share of the food industry. Even though the majority of agro waste is currently being used for the production of 2G biofuels, agro waste such as citrus peel, sugar beet pulp, copra meal, and wheat husk can be considered for the production of prebiotic oligosaccharides. Prebiotics are dietary fibers that are selectively fermented by the microbes present in the gut and promote the growth of beneficial bacteria in the intestine and regulate the growth of harmful bacteria.
The book highlights the importance of nutraceuticals (prebiotics, and probiotics) in maintaining gut homeostasis, prevention, and treatment of gut-related disorders, as anti-cancer agents, immune-modulatory agents, and treatment of metabolic disorders. It brings out the current challenges involved in the formulation and development of nutraceuticals, together with the application of nanotechnology and bioinformatics-based approaches to study the effect of nutraceuticals on oral health, and gut microflora in a very precise way.
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Author / Editor Details
Rajesh K. Kesharwani, PhD, is an associate professor in the Department of Computer Application, Nehru Gram Bharati (Deemed to be University), Prayagraj, India. He has more than 11 years of research and 9 years of teaching experience in various institutes in India. He has authored more than 55 peer-reviewed articles, 24 book chapters, and 15 edited books. His research fields of interest are medical informatics, protein structure and function prediction, computer-aided drug designing, structural biology, drug delivery, cancer biology, nano-biotechnology, and biomedical sciences.
Rajesh K. Kesharwani, PhD, is an associate professor in the Department of Computer Application, Nehru Gram Bharati (Deemed to be University), Prayagraj, India. He has more than 11 years of research and 9 years of teaching experience in various institutes in India. He has authored more than 55 peer-reviewed articles, 24 book chapters, and 15 edited books. His research fields of interest are medical informatics, protein structure and function prediction, computer-aided drug designing, structural biology, drug delivery, cancer biology, nano-biotechnology, and biomedical sciences.
T. Jagan Mohan Rao, PhD, is an assistant professor in the Department of Biotechnology, NIT, Andhra Pradesh, India. He has research experience in the synthesis and production of poly and oligosaccharides. In his postdoctoral research in Brazil, he produced prebiotic oligosaccharides in orange juice by using an immobilized and co-immobilized enzyme system, while, in South Korea, he worked on prebiotic properties of pectic polysaccharides using standard intestinal bacterial cultures and published his research findings in reputed international SCI-Journals.
Raj K. Keservani, MPharm, is an associate professor in the Faculty of B. Pharmacy, CSM Group of Institutions, Prayagraj, India. He has more than 12 years of academic (teaching) experience from various institutes in India in pharmaceutical education. He has published more than 30 peer-reviewed papers in the field of pharmaceutical sciences in national and international journals, 1 patent, 43 book chapters, three co-authored books, and 19 edited books. His research interests include nutraceutical and functional foods, novel drug delivery systems (NDDS), transdermal drug delivery/drug delivery, health science, cancer biology, and neurobiology.
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Table of Contents
Preface
1. Role of Probiotics in Treatment of Gut-Related Diseases
Kunal Kumar and Rajani Sharma
1.1 Introduction
1.1.1 Major Gut-Related Diseases and Probiotics Interaction
1.1.2 Metabolism in Probiotics
1.1.3 Sources of Probiotics
1.2 Nutrition Enrichment by Probiotics
1.3 Symbiotic Relation of Probiotics in the Gut
1.3.1 Mechanism of Interaction
1.3.2 Escaping Mechanism of Probiotics From Immune Cells
1.4 Probiotics Role in Boosting Host Immunity
1.5 Commercial Probiotic Products Possessing Beneficial Properties
1.5.1 Probiotics in Dairy Products
1.5.2 Fermentation of Fruit Juices With Fortified Probiotic Lactobacilli
1.5.3 Probiotics as Pharmaceutics
1.6 Controversial/Side Effects of Probiotics
1.7 Conclusion
1.8 Future Prospect
References
2. Immune Response of Fructo and Galacto-Oligosaccharides
Muthu Vijayasarathy, Yesudass Antony Prabhu, Selvan Pavithra, Selvaraj Jothi Prabha and Tingirikari Jagan Mohan Rao
Abbreviations
2.1 Introduction
2.2 Sources of FOS and GOS
2.3 Synthesis of FOS and GOS
2.4 Bifidogenesis of FOS and GOS
2.5 Mechanisms of Oligosaccharides Mediated Immune Effects
2.5.1 Intestinal Immune Cells
2.5.2 Intestinal Epithelial Barrier
2.5.3 Microbiota-Dependent Effects of Oligosaccharides
2.5.3.1 Indirect Effect of Oligosaccharides on Intestinal Epithelial Cells
2.5.3.2 An Indirect Effect of Oligosaccharides on Immune Cells
2.5.4 Microbiota Independent Effects of Oligosaccharides
2.5.4.1 Direct Effect on Intestinal Epithelial Cells
2.5.4.2 Direct Effects on Immune Cells
2.6 Immunomodulatory Effects of Fructooligosaccharides and Galactooligosaccharides
2.6.1 Gastrointestinal Disease
2.6.2 Immune Stimulation
2.6.3 Allergy
2.6.4 Mineral Absorption
2.6.5 Inflammatory Bowel Diseases
2.6.6 Cancer
2.6.7 Cholesterol and Triglyceride Reduction
2.7 Conclusion
Acknowledgment
References
3. Human Mucosal Organ and Application of Probiotics
Tanuja Mohanty, Bhanu Pratap Gurjar and Usha Nagarajan
3.1 Introduction
3.2 Mode of Action of Probiotics on Human Mucosa
3.2.1 Bifidobacterium
3.2.2 Streptococcus
3.2.3 Lactobacillus
3.3 Application of Probiotics
3.3.1 Probiotics for Gastrointestinal Disorders
3.3.1.1 Inflammatory Bowel Syndrome
3.3.1.2 Colon Cancer
3.3.1.3 Gastric Ulcers
3.3.1.4 Acute Gastroenteritis
3.3.2 Probiotics for Respiratory Disorders
3.3.2.1 Asthma
3.3.2.2 Cerebral Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury
3.3.2.3 Cystic Fibrosis and Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD)
3.3.2.4 Viral Infection (Mainly SARS-CoV-2)
3.3.3 Application of Probiotics on Ageing-Related Mucus Impairment
3.4 Conclusion
Acknowledgment
References
4. Prebiotics and Probiotics as Anticancer Therapeutics
Dixita Chettri, Ashwani Kumar Verma and Anil Kumar Verma
Abbreviations
4.1 Introduction
4.2 Prebiotic vs Probiotic
4.2.1 Definition and Difference
4.2.2 Criteria for Use as a Dietary Supplement
4.2.3 Source/Method of Administration
4.3 Prebiotics and Probiotics Association with Gut Microbiota and Human Health
4.3.1 Role of the Gut Microbiota in Overall Human Health
4.3.2 Prebiotic and Probiotic Influence on Gut Microbiome Composition
4.4 Cancer
4.4.1 Procarcinogens and Carcinogens
4.4.2 Types of Cancer
4.4.2.1 Colorectal Cancer (CRC)
4.4.2.2 Gastric Cancer
4.4.2.3 Pancreatic Cancer
4.4.2.4 Prostate Cancer
4.4.2.5 Breast Cancer
4.4.2.6 Skin Cancer
4.5 Anticancer Potential of Probiotics and Prebiotics
4.5.1 Clinical Evidences
4.5.1.1 Clinical Evidence for the Anticancer Potential of Probiotics
4.5.1.2 Clinical Evidences for Anticancer Potential of Prebiotics
4.5.2 Safety and Quality Control Assurance
4.6 Conclusion and Future Prospect
Acknowledgment
References
5. Application of Nanotechnology in Formulation of Nutraceuticals
Pradnya Jadhav, Sakshi Kor and Shadab Ahmed
5.1 Introduction
5.2 Delivery System
5.2.1 Lipid-Based Delivery System
5.2.1.1 Nanoemulsions
5.2.1.2 Nanoliposomes
5.2.1.3 Solid Lipid Nanoparticles (SLN) and Nanostructured Lipid Carriers (NLC)
5.2.2 Polysaccharide-Based Delivery System
5.2.2.1 Polymeric Nanoparticle
5.2.2.2 Polymeric Micelle
5.2.3 Protein-Based Delivery System
5.3 Advantages of Nanotechnology in Nutraceuticals
5.4 Why are Nanoparticles or Nanomaterials Used?
5.5 Applications and Advantages of Nanotechnology to Improve the Specific Quality
5.6 Challenges Faced During Production of Nutraceuticals Using Nanotechnology
5.7 Conclusion and Future Prospects
References
6. Challenges in Development of Prebiotic and Probiotics
Pradnya Jadhav, Sakshi Kor and Shadab Ahmed
6.1 Introduction
6.1.1 Probiotics, Prebiotics, and Synbiotics
6.1.1.1 Probiotics
6.1.1.2 Prebiotics
6.1.1.3 Synbiotics
6.1.2 History of Probiotics and Prebiotics
6.2 Current Use of Probiotics and Prebiotics for Health Benefits
6.2.1 Prebiotic and Probiotic Health Benefits
6.2.1.1 Prebiotics Uses in Health Benefits
6.2.1.2 Probiotics Uses in Health Benefits
6.2.2 Prebiotics and Probiotics Used in Combinatorial Approach for Health Benefits
6.2.3 Limitations of Probiotics
6.3 Development of New Generation of Probiotics/Prebiotics
6.3.1 Development of New Generation of Probiotics
6.3.2 New Prebiotics With Improved Effect on GIT Microbiota for Health Benefits
6.3.3 Improvement in Viability of Probiotics
6.3.4 Current Trends and Scope for Development
References
7. Immunostimulatory Role of Prebiotics and Probiotics
Tanuja Mohanty, Bhanu Pratap Gurjar, Sudheer BabuYangala and Usha Nagarajan
7.1 Introduction
7.2 Prebiotics
7.2.1 Galacto-Oligosaccharides (GOS)
7.2.2 Fructo-Oligosaccharides and Polysaccharides
7.2.3 Raffinose
7.2.4 Human Milk Oligosaccharides
7.2.5 Flavanols
7.2.6 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids
7.3 Probiotics
7.4 Role of Prebiotics and Probiotics in Immunorelated Diseases
7.4.1 Multiple Sclerosis (MS)
7.4.2 Respiratory Tract Infections
7.4.3 Cardiovascular Disease (CVD)
7.4.4 Type 1 Diabetes (T1D)
7.4.5 Colorectal Cancer
7.4.6 Inflammatory Bowel Diseases
7.4.7 Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA)
7.4.8 Muscle Wasting
7.5 Conclusion
Acknowledgment
References
8. Bioinformatics and Advanced Research in Gut Microflora
Arabinda Ghosh, Muddukrishnaiah Kotakonda, VedantVikrom Borah and Nobendu Mukerjee
8.1 Introduction
8.2 Computational and Metagenomic Approaches
8.3 Antibiotic Resistance Genes Have Been Revealed in the Gut Microbiota of People Across the Globe
8.4 Microbiota in the Human Intestine
8.5 Probiotics Modes of Action
8.6 Exclusion from Competition
8.7 Bacterial Antagonism
8.8 Antibacterial Activity
8.9 Neutralization of Pathogenic Bacteria-Produced Enterotoxins
8.10 Immune Modulation
8.11 Adhesion to the Digestive System Wall to Prevent Harmful Bacteria From Colonizing
8.12 Competing with Pathogenic Bacteria for Nutrients in the Gut
8.13 Metagenomics in Microbiome and Probiotics Research
8.14 Microbiome and Probiotics Research Challenges
8.15 Potential Prebiotic Screening for Promoting Probiotic Health
8.15.1 Extraction and Characterization of Prebiotics
8.15.2 Screening Prebiotics for Probiotic Growth Promotion
8.15.3 Database System for Prebiotic Research
8.16 Conclusion
References
9. Prebiotics and Probiotics in Regulation of Metabolic Disorders
Manswama Boro, Sushruta Bhadra and Anil Kumar Verma
Abbreviations
9.1 Introduction
9.2 Probiotics
9.3 Prebiotics
9.4 The Role of Gut Microbiota in Metabolic Disorders
9.4.1 Obesity
9.4.2 Diabetes
9.4.3 Liver Disorders
9.4.4 Cardiometabolic Disorders
9.5 Effect of Prebiotics on Metabolic Disorders
9.5.1 Mechanism of Action
9.5.2 Prebiotics With Other Components
9.6 Effect of Probiotics on Metabolic Disorders
9.6.1 Role of Probiotics on Obesity
9.6.2 Role of Probiotics on Diabetes
9.6.3 Role of Probiotics on Cardiovascular Disease (CVD)
9.6.4 Role of Probiotics on Acute Liver Injury (ALI)
9.6.5 Engineering Probiotics for Targeted Therapeutics
9.7 Conclusion and Future Prospect
Acknowledgment
References
10. Developing Formulations of Prebiotics and Probiotics
Eknath D. Ahire, Nisha Sharma, Prakash Chandra Gupta, Shubham Khairnar, Khemchand Surana, Bhavana Ahire, Vijayraj Sonawane, Umesh Laddha, Sneh Sonkamble, Rahul Sabale and Sanjay Kshirsagar
10.1 Introduction
10.2 Probiotics
10.3 Prebiotics
10.4 Synbiotics
10.5 Challenges for New Probiotic and Prebiotic-Based Foods
10.6 Production of Probiotics at a Low Cost
10.7 Improving Viability of Probiotics
10.8 Conclusions
Acknowledgment
References
11. Oral Health and Prebiotics
Khemchand Surana, Eknath D. Ahire, Ritesh Pawar, Ritesh Khairnar, Sunil Mahajan, Sanjay Kshirsagar, Swati G. Talele, Nilima Thombre, Bhavana Ahire and Raj K. Keservani
11.1 Introduction
11.1.1 Prebiotic
11.1.2 Prebiotic Selection Criteria
11.1.3 Prebiotics Mechanism of Action
11.2 Oral Microbiota in Health and Disease
11.2.1 Functions of Resident Microbiota
11.2.2 Microbiota Responsible for Oral Diseases
11.2.3 Is Prebiotics Considered a Feasible Substitute for the Treatment of Oral Diseases?
11.2.4 Classification of Prebiotic
11.3 Nitrate as Potential Prebiotic for Oral Health
11.4 Commercial Product of Prebiotic on Oral Health
11.5 Future Viewpoint
11.6 Conclusion
Acknowledgement
References
Index
Back to Top
Preface
1. Role of Probiotics in Treatment of Gut-Related Diseases
Kunal Kumar and Rajani Sharma
1.1 Introduction
1.1.1 Major Gut-Related Diseases and Probiotics Interaction
1.1.2 Metabolism in Probiotics
1.1.3 Sources of Probiotics
1.2 Nutrition Enrichment by Probiotics
1.3 Symbiotic Relation of Probiotics in the Gut
1.3.1 Mechanism of Interaction
1.3.2 Escaping Mechanism of Probiotics From Immune Cells
1.4 Probiotics Role in Boosting Host Immunity
1.5 Commercial Probiotic Products Possessing Beneficial Properties
1.5.1 Probiotics in Dairy Products
1.5.2 Fermentation of Fruit Juices With Fortified Probiotic Lactobacilli
1.5.3 Probiotics as Pharmaceutics
1.6 Controversial/Side Effects of Probiotics
1.7 Conclusion
1.8 Future Prospect
References
2. Immune Response of Fructo and Galacto-Oligosaccharides
Muthu Vijayasarathy, Yesudass Antony Prabhu, Selvan Pavithra, Selvaraj Jothi Prabha and Tingirikari Jagan Mohan Rao
Abbreviations
2.1 Introduction
2.2 Sources of FOS and GOS
2.3 Synthesis of FOS and GOS
2.4 Bifidogenesis of FOS and GOS
2.5 Mechanisms of Oligosaccharides Mediated Immune Effects
2.5.1 Intestinal Immune Cells
2.5.2 Intestinal Epithelial Barrier
2.5.3 Microbiota-Dependent Effects of Oligosaccharides
2.5.3.1 Indirect Effect of Oligosaccharides on Intestinal Epithelial Cells
2.5.3.2 An Indirect Effect of Oligosaccharides on Immune Cells
2.5.4 Microbiota Independent Effects of Oligosaccharides
2.5.4.1 Direct Effect on Intestinal Epithelial Cells
2.5.4.2 Direct Effects on Immune Cells
2.6 Immunomodulatory Effects of Fructooligosaccharides and Galactooligosaccharides
2.6.1 Gastrointestinal Disease
2.6.2 Immune Stimulation
2.6.3 Allergy
2.6.4 Mineral Absorption
2.6.5 Inflammatory Bowel Diseases
2.6.6 Cancer
2.6.7 Cholesterol and Triglyceride Reduction
2.7 Conclusion
Acknowledgment
References
3. Human Mucosal Organ and Application of Probiotics
Tanuja Mohanty, Bhanu Pratap Gurjar and Usha Nagarajan
3.1 Introduction
3.2 Mode of Action of Probiotics on Human Mucosa
3.2.1 Bifidobacterium
3.2.2 Streptococcus
3.2.3 Lactobacillus
3.3 Application of Probiotics
3.3.1 Probiotics for Gastrointestinal Disorders
3.3.1.1 Inflammatory Bowel Syndrome
3.3.1.2 Colon Cancer
3.3.1.3 Gastric Ulcers
3.3.1.4 Acute Gastroenteritis
3.3.2 Probiotics for Respiratory Disorders
3.3.2.1 Asthma
3.3.2.2 Cerebral Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury
3.3.2.3 Cystic Fibrosis and Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD)
3.3.2.4 Viral Infection (Mainly SARS-CoV-2)
3.3.3 Application of Probiotics on Ageing-Related Mucus Impairment
3.4 Conclusion
Acknowledgment
References
4. Prebiotics and Probiotics as Anticancer Therapeutics
Dixita Chettri, Ashwani Kumar Verma and Anil Kumar Verma
Abbreviations
4.1 Introduction
4.2 Prebiotic vs Probiotic
4.2.1 Definition and Difference
4.2.2 Criteria for Use as a Dietary Supplement
4.2.3 Source/Method of Administration
4.3 Prebiotics and Probiotics Association with Gut Microbiota and Human Health
4.3.1 Role of the Gut Microbiota in Overall Human Health
4.3.2 Prebiotic and Probiotic Influence on Gut Microbiome Composition
4.4 Cancer
4.4.1 Procarcinogens and Carcinogens
4.4.2 Types of Cancer
4.4.2.1 Colorectal Cancer (CRC)
4.4.2.2 Gastric Cancer
4.4.2.3 Pancreatic Cancer
4.4.2.4 Prostate Cancer
4.4.2.5 Breast Cancer
4.4.2.6 Skin Cancer
4.5 Anticancer Potential of Probiotics and Prebiotics
4.5.1 Clinical Evidences
4.5.1.1 Clinical Evidence for the Anticancer Potential of Probiotics
4.5.1.2 Clinical Evidences for Anticancer Potential of Prebiotics
4.5.2 Safety and Quality Control Assurance
4.6 Conclusion and Future Prospect
Acknowledgment
References
5. Application of Nanotechnology in Formulation of Nutraceuticals
Pradnya Jadhav, Sakshi Kor and Shadab Ahmed
5.1 Introduction
5.2 Delivery System
5.2.1 Lipid-Based Delivery System
5.2.1.1 Nanoemulsions
5.2.1.2 Nanoliposomes
5.2.1.3 Solid Lipid Nanoparticles (SLN) and Nanostructured Lipid Carriers (NLC)
5.2.2 Polysaccharide-Based Delivery System
5.2.2.1 Polymeric Nanoparticle
5.2.2.2 Polymeric Micelle
5.2.3 Protein-Based Delivery System
5.3 Advantages of Nanotechnology in Nutraceuticals
5.4 Why are Nanoparticles or Nanomaterials Used?
5.5 Applications and Advantages of Nanotechnology to Improve the Specific Quality
5.6 Challenges Faced During Production of Nutraceuticals Using Nanotechnology
5.7 Conclusion and Future Prospects
References
6. Challenges in Development of Prebiotic and Probiotics
Pradnya Jadhav, Sakshi Kor and Shadab Ahmed
6.1 Introduction
6.1.1 Probiotics, Prebiotics, and Synbiotics
6.1.1.1 Probiotics
6.1.1.2 Prebiotics
6.1.1.3 Synbiotics
6.1.2 History of Probiotics and Prebiotics
6.2 Current Use of Probiotics and Prebiotics for Health Benefits
6.2.1 Prebiotic and Probiotic Health Benefits
6.2.1.1 Prebiotics Uses in Health Benefits
6.2.1.2 Probiotics Uses in Health Benefits
6.2.2 Prebiotics and Probiotics Used in Combinatorial Approach for Health Benefits
6.2.3 Limitations of Probiotics
6.3 Development of New Generation of Probiotics/Prebiotics
6.3.1 Development of New Generation of Probiotics
6.3.2 New Prebiotics With Improved Effect on GIT Microbiota for Health Benefits
6.3.3 Improvement in Viability of Probiotics
6.3.4 Current Trends and Scope for Development
References
7. Immunostimulatory Role of Prebiotics and Probiotics
Tanuja Mohanty, Bhanu Pratap Gurjar, Sudheer BabuYangala and Usha Nagarajan
7.1 Introduction
7.2 Prebiotics
7.2.1 Galacto-Oligosaccharides (GOS)
7.2.2 Fructo-Oligosaccharides and Polysaccharides
7.2.3 Raffinose
7.2.4 Human Milk Oligosaccharides
7.2.5 Flavanols
7.2.6 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids
7.3 Probiotics
7.4 Role of Prebiotics and Probiotics in Immunorelated Diseases
7.4.1 Multiple Sclerosis (MS)
7.4.2 Respiratory Tract Infections
7.4.3 Cardiovascular Disease (CVD)
7.4.4 Type 1 Diabetes (T1D)
7.4.5 Colorectal Cancer
7.4.6 Inflammatory Bowel Diseases
7.4.7 Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA)
7.4.8 Muscle Wasting
7.5 Conclusion
Acknowledgment
References
8. Bioinformatics and Advanced Research in Gut Microflora
Arabinda Ghosh, Muddukrishnaiah Kotakonda, VedantVikrom Borah and Nobendu Mukerjee
8.1 Introduction
8.2 Computational and Metagenomic Approaches
8.3 Antibiotic Resistance Genes Have Been Revealed in the Gut Microbiota of People Across the Globe
8.4 Microbiota in the Human Intestine
8.5 Probiotics Modes of Action
8.6 Exclusion from Competition
8.7 Bacterial Antagonism
8.8 Antibacterial Activity
8.9 Neutralization of Pathogenic Bacteria-Produced Enterotoxins
8.10 Immune Modulation
8.11 Adhesion to the Digestive System Wall to Prevent Harmful Bacteria From Colonizing
8.12 Competing with Pathogenic Bacteria for Nutrients in the Gut
8.13 Metagenomics in Microbiome and Probiotics Research
8.14 Microbiome and Probiotics Research Challenges
8.15 Potential Prebiotic Screening for Promoting Probiotic Health
8.15.1 Extraction and Characterization of Prebiotics
8.15.2 Screening Prebiotics for Probiotic Growth Promotion
8.15.3 Database System for Prebiotic Research
8.16 Conclusion
References
9. Prebiotics and Probiotics in Regulation of Metabolic Disorders
Manswama Boro, Sushruta Bhadra and Anil Kumar Verma
Abbreviations
9.1 Introduction
9.2 Probiotics
9.3 Prebiotics
9.4 The Role of Gut Microbiota in Metabolic Disorders
9.4.1 Obesity
9.4.2 Diabetes
9.4.3 Liver Disorders
9.4.4 Cardiometabolic Disorders
9.5 Effect of Prebiotics on Metabolic Disorders
9.5.1 Mechanism of Action
9.5.2 Prebiotics With Other Components
9.6 Effect of Probiotics on Metabolic Disorders
9.6.1 Role of Probiotics on Obesity
9.6.2 Role of Probiotics on Diabetes
9.6.3 Role of Probiotics on Cardiovascular Disease (CVD)
9.6.4 Role of Probiotics on Acute Liver Injury (ALI)
9.6.5 Engineering Probiotics for Targeted Therapeutics
9.7 Conclusion and Future Prospect
Acknowledgment
References
10. Developing Formulations of Prebiotics and Probiotics
Eknath D. Ahire, Nisha Sharma, Prakash Chandra Gupta, Shubham Khairnar, Khemchand Surana, Bhavana Ahire, Vijayraj Sonawane, Umesh Laddha, Sneh Sonkamble, Rahul Sabale and Sanjay Kshirsagar
10.1 Introduction
10.2 Probiotics
10.3 Prebiotics
10.4 Synbiotics
10.5 Challenges for New Probiotic and Prebiotic-Based Foods
10.6 Production of Probiotics at a Low Cost
10.7 Improving Viability of Probiotics
10.8 Conclusions
Acknowledgment
References
11. Oral Health and Prebiotics
Khemchand Surana, Eknath D. Ahire, Ritesh Pawar, Ritesh Khairnar, Sunil Mahajan, Sanjay Kshirsagar, Swati G. Talele, Nilima Thombre, Bhavana Ahire and Raj K. Keservani
11.1 Introduction
11.1.1 Prebiotic
11.1.2 Prebiotic Selection Criteria
11.1.3 Prebiotics Mechanism of Action
11.2 Oral Microbiota in Health and Disease
11.2.1 Functions of Resident Microbiota
11.2.2 Microbiota Responsible for Oral Diseases
11.2.3 Is Prebiotics Considered a Feasible Substitute for the Treatment of Oral Diseases?
11.2.4 Classification of Prebiotic
11.3 Nitrate as Potential Prebiotic for Oral Health
11.4 Commercial Product of Prebiotic on Oral Health
11.5 Future Viewpoint
11.6 Conclusion
Acknowledgement
References
Index
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