-
Browse Book Series
- Adhesion and Adhesives: Fundamental and Applied Aspects
- Advances in Additive Manufacturing Technologies
- Advances in Antenna, Microwave and Communication Engineering
- Advances in Biofeedstocks and Biofuels
- Advances in Cyber Security
- Advances in Data Engineering and Machine Learning
- Advances in Disease Diagnosis, Drug Delivery and Treatment
- Advances in E-Mobility
- Advances in Hydrogen Production and Storage
- Advances in Intelligent and Scientific Computing (AISC)
- Advances in Learning Analytics for Intelligent Cloud-IoT Systems
- Advances in Membrane Processes
- Advances in Nanotechnology and Applications
- Advances in Natural Gas Engineering
- Advances in Pipes and Pipelines
- Advances in Production Engineering
- Advances in Solar Cell Materials and Storage
- Applied Functional Materials
- Artificial Intelligence and Soft Computing for Industrial Transformation
- Astrobiology Perspectives on Life in the Universe
- Bioprocessing in Food Science
- Computational Intelligence and Biomedical Engineering
- Concise Introductions to AI and Data Science
- Cyber Systems and Quantum Engineering
- Decentralized Systems and Next-Generation Internet
- Diatoms: Biology and Applications
- Digital Convergence in Engineering Systems
- Emerging Trends in Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry
- Engineering Systems Design for Sustainable Development
- Fintech in a Sustainable Digital Society
- Industry 5.0 Transformation Applications
- Infectious and Rare Diseases
- Innovations in Materials and Manufacturing
- Leading-Edge Breakthroughs in Artificial Intelligence
- Machine Learning in Biomedical Science and Healthcare Informatics
- Marine Nanoscience and Nanotechnology
- Materials Degradation and Failure
- Mathematics and Computer Science
- Next-Generation Computing and Communication Engineering
- Performability Engineering Series
- Rotating Machinery Fundamentals and Advances
- Semiconductor Devices and Their Applications
- Studies in Computational Intelligence and Smart Technologies
- Sustainable Computing and Optimization
- Thermoplastic Bionanocomposites Series
Browse Subject Areas
For Authors
Submit a ProposalProton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells
 | Electrochemical Methods and Computational Fluid Dynamics Edited by Inamuddin, Omid Moradi, and Mohd Imran Ahamed Copyright: 2023 | Status: Published ISBN: 9781119829331 | Hardcover | 399 pages Price: $225 USD  |
One Line Description
Edited by one of the most well-respected and prolific engineers in the world and his team, this book provides a comprehensive overview of hydrogen production, conversion, and storage, offering the scientific literature a comprehensive coverage of this important fuel.
Audience
Engineers, researchers, scientists, chemists, and other industry professionals working with fuel cells
Engineers, researchers, scientists, chemists, and other industry professionals working with fuel cells
Description
Proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) are among the most anticipated stationary clean energy devices in renewable and alternative energy. Despite the appreciable improvement in their cost and durability, which are the two major commercialization barriers, their availability has not matched demand. This is mainly due to the use of expensive metal-catalyst, less durable membrane and poor insight into the ongoing phenomena inside the proton exchange membrane fuel cells. Efforts are being made to optimize the use of precious metals of platinum as catalyst layers or find alternatives that can be durable for more than 5000 hours.
The computational models are also being developed and studied to get an insight into the shortcomings and provide solutions. The announcement by various companies that they will be producing proton exchange membrane fuel cells-based cars by 2025 has accelerated the current research on proton exchange membrane fuel cells. The breakthrough is urgently needed. The membranes, catalysts, polymer electrolytes and especially the understanding of diffusion layers, need thorough revision and improvement to achieve the target. This exciting new breakthrough volume explores these challenges and offers solutions for the industry. Whether for the student, veteran engineer, new-hire, or other industry professional, this is a must-have for any library.
Back to Top
Proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) are among the most anticipated stationary clean energy devices in renewable and alternative energy. Despite the appreciable improvement in their cost and durability, which are the two major commercialization barriers, their availability has not matched demand. This is mainly due to the use of expensive metal-catalyst, less durable membrane and poor insight into the ongoing phenomena inside the proton exchange membrane fuel cells. Efforts are being made to optimize the use of precious metals of platinum as catalyst layers or find alternatives that can be durable for more than 5000 hours.
The computational models are also being developed and studied to get an insight into the shortcomings and provide solutions. The announcement by various companies that they will be producing proton exchange membrane fuel cells-based cars by 2025 has accelerated the current research on proton exchange membrane fuel cells. The breakthrough is urgently needed. The membranes, catalysts, polymer electrolytes and especially the understanding of diffusion layers, need thorough revision and improvement to achieve the target. This exciting new breakthrough volume explores these challenges and offers solutions for the industry. Whether for the student, veteran engineer, new-hire, or other industry professional, this is a must-have for any library.
Back to Top
Author / Editor Details
Inamuddin, PhD, is an assistant professor in the Department of Applied Chemistry, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India. He has extensive research experience in analytical chemistry, materials chemistry, electrochemistry, renewable energy, and environmental science. He has worked on different research projects funded by various government agencies and universities and is the recipient of multiple awards, including the Fast Track Young Scientist Award and the Young Researcher of the Year Award for 2020, from Aligarh Muslim University. He has published almost 200 research articles in various international scientific journals, 19 book chapters, and 145 edited books with multiple well-known publishers, including Scrivener Publishing. He is a member of various editorial boards for scientific and technical journals and is an editor on several of them in different capacities.
Inamuddin, PhD, is an assistant professor in the Department of Applied Chemistry, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India. He has extensive research experience in analytical chemistry, materials chemistry, electrochemistry, renewable energy, and environmental science. He has worked on different research projects funded by various government agencies and universities and is the recipient of multiple awards, including the Fast Track Young Scientist Award and the Young Researcher of the Year Award for 2020, from Aligarh Muslim University. He has published almost 200 research articles in various international scientific journals, 19 book chapters, and 145 edited books with multiple well-known publishers, including Scrivener Publishing. He is a member of various editorial boards for scientific and technical journals and is an editor on several of them in different capacities.
Omid Moradi, PhD, is an associate professor in the Department of Chemistry, Islamic Azad University, Shahre Qods Branch, Shahre-Qods, Tehran, Iran. He received his PhD in physical chemistry in 2009 from the Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Iran. He is ranked among the world’s top 2% scientists according to Stanford University rankings in 2020, and he is the director-in-chief of a technical journal in chemistry.
Mohd Imran Ahamed, PhD, has co-edited more than 20 books and has published numerous research and review articles in scientific and technical journals. He received his PhD from Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India in 2019. His research work includes ion-exchange chromatography, wastewater treatment, and analysis, bending actuator and electrospinning.
Back to Top
Table of Contents
Preface
1. Stationary and Portable Applications of Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells
Shahram Mehdipour-Ataei and Maryam Mohammadi
1.1 Introduction
1.2 Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells
1.2.1 Stationary Applications
1.2.2 Portable Applications
1.2.3 Hydrogen PEMFCs
1.2.4 Alcohol PEMFCs
1.2.4.1 Direct Methanol Fuel Cell
1.2.4.2 Direct Dimethyl Ether Fuel Cell
1.2.5 Microbial Fuel Cells
1.2.5.1 Electricity Generation
1.2.5.2 Microbial Desalination Cells
1.2.5.3 Removal of Metals From Industrial Waste
1.2.5.4 Wastewater Treatment
1.2.5.5 Microbial Solar Cells and Fuel Cells
1.2.5.6 Biosensors
1.2.5.7 Biohydrogen Production
1.2.6 Micro Fuel Cells
1.3 Conclusion and Future Perspective
References
2. Graphene-Based Membranes for Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells
Beenish Saba
2.1 Introduction
2.2 Membranes
2.3 Graphene: A Proton Exchange Membrane
2.4 Synthesis of GO Composite Membranes
2.5 Graphene Oxide in Fuel Cells
2.5.1 Electrochemical Fuel Cells
2.5.1.1 Hydrogen Oxide Polymer Electrolyte Membrane Fuel Cells
2.5.1.2 Direct Methanol Fuel Cells
2.5.2 Bioelectrochemical Fuel Cells
2.6 Characterization Techniques of GO Composite Membranes
2.7 Conclusion
References
3. Graphene Nanocomposites as Promising Membranes for Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells
Ranjit Debnath and Mitali Saha
3.1 Introduction
3.2 Recent Kinds of Fuel Cells
3.2.1 Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells
3.3 Conclusion
Acknowledgements
References
4. Carbon Nanotube–Based Membranes for Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells
Umesh Fegade and K. E. Suryawanshi
4.1 Introduction
4.2 Overview of Carbon Nanotube–Based Membranes PEM Cells
References
5. Nanocomposite Membranes for Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells
P. Satishkumar, Arun M. Isloor and Ramin Farnood
5.1 Introduction
5.2 Nanocomposite Membranes for PEMFC
5.3 Evaluation Methods of Proton Exchange Membrane Properties
5.3.1 Proton Conductivity Measurement
5.3.2 Water Uptake Measurement
5.3.3 Oxidative Stability Measurement
5.3.4 Thermal and Mechanical Properties Measurement
5.4 Nafion-Based Membrane
5.5 Poly(Benzimidazole)–Based Membrane
5.6 Sulfonated Poly(Ether Ether Ketone)–Based Membranes
5.7 Poly(Vinyl Alcohol)–Based Membranes
5.8 Sulfonated Polysulfone–Based Membranes
5.9 Chitosan-Based Membranes
5.10 Conclusions
References
6. Organic-Inorganic Composite Membranes for Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells
Guocai Tian
6.1 Introduction
6.2 Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell
6.3 Proton Exchange Membrane
6.3.1 Perfluorosulfonic Acid PEM
6.3.2 Partial Fluorine-Containing PEM
6.3.3 Non-Fluorine PEM
6.3.4 Modification of PEM
6.4 Research Progress of Organic-Inorganic Composite PEM
6.4.1 Inorganic Oxide/Polymer Composite PEM
6.4.2 Two-Dimensional Inorganic Material/Polymer Composite PEM
6.4.3 Carbon Nanotube/Polymer Composite PEM
6.4.4 Inorganic Acid–Doped Composite Film
6.4.5 Heteropoly Acid–Doped Composite PEM
6.4.6 Zirconium Phosphate–Doped Composite PEM
6.4.7 Polyvinyl Alcohol/Inorganic Composite Membrane
6.5 Conclusion and Prospection
Acknowledgments
Conflict of Interest
References
7. Thermoset-Based Composite Bipolar Plates in Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell: Recent Developments and Challenges
Salah M.S. Al-Mufti and S.J.A. Rizvi
7.1 Introduction
7.2 Theories of Electrical Conductivity in Polymer Composites
7.2.1 Percolation Theory
7.2.2 General Effective Media Model
7.2.3 McLachlan Model
7.2.4 Mamunya Model
7.2.5 Taherian Model
7.3 Matrix and Fillers
7.3.1 Thermoset Resins
7.3.1.1 Epoxy
7.3.1.2 Unsaturated Polyester Resin
7.3.1.3 Vinyl Ester Resins
7.3.1.4 Phenolic Resins
7.3.1.5 Polybenzoxazine Resins
7.3.2 Fillers
7.3.2.1 Graphite
7.3.2.2 Graphene
7.3.2.3 Expanded Graphite
7.3.2.4 Carbon Black
7.3.2.5 Carbon Nanotube
7.3.2.6 Carbon Fiber
7.4 The Manufacturing Process of Thermoset-Based Composite BPs
7.4.1 Compression Molding
7.4.2 The Selective Laser Sintering Process
7.4.3 Wet and Dry Method
7.4.4 Resin Vacuum Impregnation Method
7.5 Effect of Processing Parameters on the Properties Thermoset-Based Composite BPs
7.5.1 Compression Molding Parameters
7.5.1.1 Pressure
7.5.1.2 Temperature
7.5.1.3 Time
7.5.2 The Mixing Time Effect on the Properties of Composite Bipolar Plates
7.6 Effect of Polymer Type, Filler Type, and Composition on Properties of Thermoset Composite BPs
7.6.1 Electrical Properties
7.6.2 Mechanical Properties
7.6.3 Thermal Properties
7.7 Testing and Characterization of Polymer Composite-Based BPs
7.7.1 Electrical Analysis
7.7.1.1 In-Plane Electrical Conductivity
7.7.1.2 Through-Plane Electrical Conductivity
7.7.2 Thermal Analysis
7.7.2.1 Thermal Gravimetric Analysis
7.7.2.2 Differential Scanning Calorimetry
7.7.2.3 Thermal Conductivity
7.7.3 Mechanical Analysis
7.7.3.1 Flexural Strength
7.7.3.2 Tensile Strength
7.7.3.3 Compressive Strength
7.8 Conclusions
Abbreviations
References
8. Metal-Organic Framework Membranes for Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells
Yashmeen, Gitanjali Jindal and Navneet Kaur
8.1 Introduction
8.2 Aluminium Containing MOFs for PEMFCs
8.3 Chromium Containing MOFs for PEMFCs
8.4 Copper Containing MOFs for PEMFCs
8.5 Cobalt Containing MOFs for PEMFCs
8.6 Iron Containing MOFs for PEMFCs
8.7 Nickel Containing MOFs for PEMFCs
8.8 Platinum Containing MOFs for PEMFCs
8.9 Zinc Containing MOFs for PEMFCs
8.10 Zirconium Containing MOFs for PEMFCs
8.11 Conclusions and Future Prospects
References
9. Fluorinated Membrane Materials for Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells
Pavitra Rajendran, Valmiki Aruna, Gangadhara Angajala and Pulikanti Guruprasad Reddy
Abbreviations
9.1 Introduction
9.2 Fluorinated Polymeric Materials for PEMFCs
9.3 Poly(Bibenzimidazole)/Silica Hybrid Membrane
9.4 Poly(Bibenzimidazole) Copolymers Containing Fluorine-Siloxane Membrane
9.5 Sulfonated Fluorinated Poly(Arylene Ethers)
9.6 Fluorinated Sulfonated Polytriazoles
9.7 Fluorinated Polybenzoxazole (6F-PBO)
9.8 Poly(bibenzimidazole) With Poly(Vinylidene Fluoride-Co-Hexafluoro Propylene)
9.9 Fluorinated Poly(Arylene Ether Ketones)
9.10 Fluorinated Sulfonated Poly(Arylene Ether Sulfone) (6FBPAQSH-XX)
9.11 Fluorinated Poly(Aryl Ether Sulfone) Membranes Cross-Linked Sulfonated Oligomer (c-SPFAES)
9.12 Sulfonated Poly(Arylene Biphenylether Sulfone)-Poly(Arylene Ether) (SPABES-PAE)
9.13 Conclusion
Conflicts of Interest
Acknowledgements
References
10. Membrane Materials in Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells (PEMFCs)
Foad Monemian and Ali Kargari
10.1 Introduction
10.2 Fuel Cell: Definition and Classification
10.3 Historical Background of Fuel Cell
10.4 Fuel Cell Applications
10.4.1 Transportation
10.4.2 Stationary Power
10.4.3 Portable Applications
10.5 Comparison between Fuel Cells and Other Methods
10.6 PEMFCs: Description and Characterization
10.6.1 Ion Exchange Capacity–Conductivity
10.6.2 Durability
10.6.3 Water Management
10.6.4 Cost
10.7 Membrane Materials for PEMFC
10.7.1 Statistical Copolymer PEMs
10.7.2 Block and Graft Copolymers
10.7.3 Polymer Blending and Other PEM Compounds
10.8 Conclusions
References
11. Nafion-Based Membranes for Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells
Santiago Pablo Fernandez Bordín, Janet de los Angeles Chinellato Díaz and Marcelo Ricardo Romero
11.1 Introduction: Background
11.2 Physical Properties
11.3 Nafion Structure
11.4 Water Uptake
11.5 Protonic Conductivity
11.6 Water Transport
11.7 Gas Permeation
11.8 Final Comments
Acknowledgements
References
12. Solid Polymer Electrolytes for Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells
Nitin Srivastava and Rajendra Kumar Singh
12.1 Introduction
12.2 Type of Fuel Cells
12.2.1 Alkaline Fuel Cells
12.2.2 Polymer Electrolyte Fuel Cells
12.2.3 Phosphoric Acid Fuel Cells
12.2.4 Molten Carbonate Fuel Cells
12.2.5 Solid Oxide Fuel Cells
12.3 Basic Properties of PEMFC
12.4 Classification of Solid Polymer Electrolyte Membranes for PEMFC
12.4.1 Perfluorosulfonic Membrane
12.4.2 Partially Fluorinated Polymers
12.4.3 Non-Fluorinated Hydrocarbon Membrane
12.4.4 Nonfluorinated Acid Membranes With Aromatic Backbone
12.4.5 Acid Base Blend
12.5 Applications
12.5.1 Application in Transportation
12.6 Conclusions
References
13. Computational Fluid Dynamics Simulation of Transport Phenomena in Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells
Maryam Mirzaie, and Mohamadreza Esmaeilpour
13.1 Introduction
13.2 PEMFC Simulation and Mathematical Modeling
13.2.1 Governing Equations
13.2.1.1 Continuity Equation
13.2.1.2 Momentum Equation
13.2.1.3 Mass Transfer Equation
13.2.1.4 Energy Transfer Equation
13.2.1.5 Equation of Charge Conservation
13.2.1.6 Formation and Transfer of Liquid Water
13.3 The Solution Procedures
13.3.1 CFD Simulations
13.3.2 OpenFOAM
13.3.3 Lattice Boltzmann
13.4 Conclusions
References
Index
Back to Top
Preface
1. Stationary and Portable Applications of Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells
Shahram Mehdipour-Ataei and Maryam Mohammadi
1.1 Introduction
1.2 Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells
1.2.1 Stationary Applications
1.2.2 Portable Applications
1.2.3 Hydrogen PEMFCs
1.2.4 Alcohol PEMFCs
1.2.4.1 Direct Methanol Fuel Cell
1.2.4.2 Direct Dimethyl Ether Fuel Cell
1.2.5 Microbial Fuel Cells
1.2.5.1 Electricity Generation
1.2.5.2 Microbial Desalination Cells
1.2.5.3 Removal of Metals From Industrial Waste
1.2.5.4 Wastewater Treatment
1.2.5.5 Microbial Solar Cells and Fuel Cells
1.2.5.6 Biosensors
1.2.5.7 Biohydrogen Production
1.2.6 Micro Fuel Cells
1.3 Conclusion and Future Perspective
References
2. Graphene-Based Membranes for Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells
Beenish Saba
2.1 Introduction
2.2 Membranes
2.3 Graphene: A Proton Exchange Membrane
2.4 Synthesis of GO Composite Membranes
2.5 Graphene Oxide in Fuel Cells
2.5.1 Electrochemical Fuel Cells
2.5.1.1 Hydrogen Oxide Polymer Electrolyte Membrane Fuel Cells
2.5.1.2 Direct Methanol Fuel Cells
2.5.2 Bioelectrochemical Fuel Cells
2.6 Characterization Techniques of GO Composite Membranes
2.7 Conclusion
References
3. Graphene Nanocomposites as Promising Membranes for Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells
Ranjit Debnath and Mitali Saha
3.1 Introduction
3.2 Recent Kinds of Fuel Cells
3.2.1 Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells
3.3 Conclusion
Acknowledgements
References
4. Carbon Nanotube–Based Membranes for Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells
Umesh Fegade and K. E. Suryawanshi
4.1 Introduction
4.2 Overview of Carbon Nanotube–Based Membranes PEM Cells
References
5. Nanocomposite Membranes for Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells
P. Satishkumar, Arun M. Isloor and Ramin Farnood
5.1 Introduction
5.2 Nanocomposite Membranes for PEMFC
5.3 Evaluation Methods of Proton Exchange Membrane Properties
5.3.1 Proton Conductivity Measurement
5.3.2 Water Uptake Measurement
5.3.3 Oxidative Stability Measurement
5.3.4 Thermal and Mechanical Properties Measurement
5.4 Nafion-Based Membrane
5.5 Poly(Benzimidazole)–Based Membrane
5.6 Sulfonated Poly(Ether Ether Ketone)–Based Membranes
5.7 Poly(Vinyl Alcohol)–Based Membranes
5.8 Sulfonated Polysulfone–Based Membranes
5.9 Chitosan-Based Membranes
5.10 Conclusions
References
6. Organic-Inorganic Composite Membranes for Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells
Guocai Tian
6.1 Introduction
6.2 Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell
6.3 Proton Exchange Membrane
6.3.1 Perfluorosulfonic Acid PEM
6.3.2 Partial Fluorine-Containing PEM
6.3.3 Non-Fluorine PEM
6.3.4 Modification of PEM
6.4 Research Progress of Organic-Inorganic Composite PEM
6.4.1 Inorganic Oxide/Polymer Composite PEM
6.4.2 Two-Dimensional Inorganic Material/Polymer Composite PEM
6.4.3 Carbon Nanotube/Polymer Composite PEM
6.4.4 Inorganic Acid–Doped Composite Film
6.4.5 Heteropoly Acid–Doped Composite PEM
6.4.6 Zirconium Phosphate–Doped Composite PEM
6.4.7 Polyvinyl Alcohol/Inorganic Composite Membrane
6.5 Conclusion and Prospection
Acknowledgments
Conflict of Interest
References
7. Thermoset-Based Composite Bipolar Plates in Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell: Recent Developments and Challenges
Salah M.S. Al-Mufti and S.J.A. Rizvi
7.1 Introduction
7.2 Theories of Electrical Conductivity in Polymer Composites
7.2.1 Percolation Theory
7.2.2 General Effective Media Model
7.2.3 McLachlan Model
7.2.4 Mamunya Model
7.2.5 Taherian Model
7.3 Matrix and Fillers
7.3.1 Thermoset Resins
7.3.1.1 Epoxy
7.3.1.2 Unsaturated Polyester Resin
7.3.1.3 Vinyl Ester Resins
7.3.1.4 Phenolic Resins
7.3.1.5 Polybenzoxazine Resins
7.3.2 Fillers
7.3.2.1 Graphite
7.3.2.2 Graphene
7.3.2.3 Expanded Graphite
7.3.2.4 Carbon Black
7.3.2.5 Carbon Nanotube
7.3.2.6 Carbon Fiber
7.4 The Manufacturing Process of Thermoset-Based Composite BPs
7.4.1 Compression Molding
7.4.2 The Selective Laser Sintering Process
7.4.3 Wet and Dry Method
7.4.4 Resin Vacuum Impregnation Method
7.5 Effect of Processing Parameters on the Properties Thermoset-Based Composite BPs
7.5.1 Compression Molding Parameters
7.5.1.1 Pressure
7.5.1.2 Temperature
7.5.1.3 Time
7.5.2 The Mixing Time Effect on the Properties of Composite Bipolar Plates
7.6 Effect of Polymer Type, Filler Type, and Composition on Properties of Thermoset Composite BPs
7.6.1 Electrical Properties
7.6.2 Mechanical Properties
7.6.3 Thermal Properties
7.7 Testing and Characterization of Polymer Composite-Based BPs
7.7.1 Electrical Analysis
7.7.1.1 In-Plane Electrical Conductivity
7.7.1.2 Through-Plane Electrical Conductivity
7.7.2 Thermal Analysis
7.7.2.1 Thermal Gravimetric Analysis
7.7.2.2 Differential Scanning Calorimetry
7.7.2.3 Thermal Conductivity
7.7.3 Mechanical Analysis
7.7.3.1 Flexural Strength
7.7.3.2 Tensile Strength
7.7.3.3 Compressive Strength
7.8 Conclusions
Abbreviations
References
8. Metal-Organic Framework Membranes for Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells
Yashmeen, Gitanjali Jindal and Navneet Kaur
8.1 Introduction
8.2 Aluminium Containing MOFs for PEMFCs
8.3 Chromium Containing MOFs for PEMFCs
8.4 Copper Containing MOFs for PEMFCs
8.5 Cobalt Containing MOFs for PEMFCs
8.6 Iron Containing MOFs for PEMFCs
8.7 Nickel Containing MOFs for PEMFCs
8.8 Platinum Containing MOFs for PEMFCs
8.9 Zinc Containing MOFs for PEMFCs
8.10 Zirconium Containing MOFs for PEMFCs
8.11 Conclusions and Future Prospects
References
9. Fluorinated Membrane Materials for Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells
Pavitra Rajendran, Valmiki Aruna, Gangadhara Angajala and Pulikanti Guruprasad Reddy
Abbreviations
9.1 Introduction
9.2 Fluorinated Polymeric Materials for PEMFCs
9.3 Poly(Bibenzimidazole)/Silica Hybrid Membrane
9.4 Poly(Bibenzimidazole) Copolymers Containing Fluorine-Siloxane Membrane
9.5 Sulfonated Fluorinated Poly(Arylene Ethers)
9.6 Fluorinated Sulfonated Polytriazoles
9.7 Fluorinated Polybenzoxazole (6F-PBO)
9.8 Poly(bibenzimidazole) With Poly(Vinylidene Fluoride-Co-Hexafluoro Propylene)
9.9 Fluorinated Poly(Arylene Ether Ketones)
9.10 Fluorinated Sulfonated Poly(Arylene Ether Sulfone) (6FBPAQSH-XX)
9.11 Fluorinated Poly(Aryl Ether Sulfone) Membranes Cross-Linked Sulfonated Oligomer (c-SPFAES)
9.12 Sulfonated Poly(Arylene Biphenylether Sulfone)-Poly(Arylene Ether) (SPABES-PAE)
9.13 Conclusion
Conflicts of Interest
Acknowledgements
References
10. Membrane Materials in Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells (PEMFCs)
Foad Monemian and Ali Kargari
10.1 Introduction
10.2 Fuel Cell: Definition and Classification
10.3 Historical Background of Fuel Cell
10.4 Fuel Cell Applications
10.4.1 Transportation
10.4.2 Stationary Power
10.4.3 Portable Applications
10.5 Comparison between Fuel Cells and Other Methods
10.6 PEMFCs: Description and Characterization
10.6.1 Ion Exchange Capacity–Conductivity
10.6.2 Durability
10.6.3 Water Management
10.6.4 Cost
10.7 Membrane Materials for PEMFC
10.7.1 Statistical Copolymer PEMs
10.7.2 Block and Graft Copolymers
10.7.3 Polymer Blending and Other PEM Compounds
10.8 Conclusions
References
11. Nafion-Based Membranes for Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells
Santiago Pablo Fernandez Bordín, Janet de los Angeles Chinellato Díaz and Marcelo Ricardo Romero
11.1 Introduction: Background
11.2 Physical Properties
11.3 Nafion Structure
11.4 Water Uptake
11.5 Protonic Conductivity
11.6 Water Transport
11.7 Gas Permeation
11.8 Final Comments
Acknowledgements
References
12. Solid Polymer Electrolytes for Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells
Nitin Srivastava and Rajendra Kumar Singh
12.1 Introduction
12.2 Type of Fuel Cells
12.2.1 Alkaline Fuel Cells
12.2.2 Polymer Electrolyte Fuel Cells
12.2.3 Phosphoric Acid Fuel Cells
12.2.4 Molten Carbonate Fuel Cells
12.2.5 Solid Oxide Fuel Cells
12.3 Basic Properties of PEMFC
12.4 Classification of Solid Polymer Electrolyte Membranes for PEMFC
12.4.1 Perfluorosulfonic Membrane
12.4.2 Partially Fluorinated Polymers
12.4.3 Non-Fluorinated Hydrocarbon Membrane
12.4.4 Nonfluorinated Acid Membranes With Aromatic Backbone
12.4.5 Acid Base Blend
12.5 Applications
12.5.1 Application in Transportation
12.6 Conclusions
References
13. Computational Fluid Dynamics Simulation of Transport Phenomena in Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells
Maryam Mirzaie, and Mohamadreza Esmaeilpour
13.1 Introduction
13.2 PEMFC Simulation and Mathematical Modeling
13.2.1 Governing Equations
13.2.1.1 Continuity Equation
13.2.1.2 Momentum Equation
13.2.1.3 Mass Transfer Equation
13.2.1.4 Energy Transfer Equation
13.2.1.5 Equation of Charge Conservation
13.2.1.6 Formation and Transfer of Liquid Water
13.3 The Solution Procedures
13.3.1 CFD Simulations
13.3.2 OpenFOAM
13.3.3 Lattice Boltzmann
13.4 Conclusions
References
Index
Back to Top