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Biosensors Nanotechnology, 2nd Edition

Edited by Inamuddin and Tariq Altalhi
Copyright: 2023   |   Status: Published
ISBN: 9781394166244  |  Hardcover  |  
507 pages | 147 illustrations
Price: $225 USD
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One Line Description
The second edition of Biosensors Nanotechnology comprises 20 chapters and discussesa wide range of applications exploited by biosensors based on nanoparticles including new domains of bionics, power production and computing.

Audience
The book is written for a large and broad readership including researchers, industry engineers, and university graduate students from diverse backgrounds such as chemistry, materials science, physics, pharmacy, medical science, biomedical engineering, electronics engineering, and nanotechnology.

Description
The biosensor industry began as a small, niche activity in the 1980s and has since developed into a large, global industry. Nanomaterials have substantially improved not only non-pharmaceutical and healthcare uses, but also telecommunications, paper, and textile manufacturing. Biological sensing assists in the understanding of living systems and is used in a variety of sectors, including medicine, drug discovery, process control, environmental monitoring, food safety, military and personal protection. It allows for new opportunities in bionics, power generation and computing, all of which will benefit from a greater understanding of the bio-electronic relationship, as advances in communications and computational modeling enable us to reconsider how healthcare is offered and R&D and manufacturing are enhanced.
In this fast-evolving discipline, the combination of nanoscale materials with biosensor technology has gained a lot of traction. Nanostructures have been used to increase the adherence of biosensor materials to electrode surfaces, print nano barcodes on biomaterials, increase the pace of bio-responses, and amplify the electric signal. Some of the topics discussed in the book include: Bioreceptors for Cells; Bioreceptors for Enzymatic Interactions; Dendrimer-Based Nanomaterials for Biosensors; Biosensors in 2D Photonic Crystals; Bioreceptors for Affinity Binding in Theranostic Development; Biosensors for Glucose Monitoring; Metal-Free Quantum Dots-Based Nanomaterials for Biosensors; Bioreceptors for Microbial Biosensors; Plasmonic Nanomaterials in Sensors; Magnetic Biosensors; Biosensors for Salivary Biomarker Detection of Cancer and Neurodegenerative Diseases; Design and Development of Fluorescent Chemosensors for the Recognition of Biological Amines and Their Cell Imaging Studies; Application of Optical Nanoprobes for Supramolecular Biosensing; In Vivo Applications for Nanomaterials in Biosensors; Biosensor and Nanotechnology for Diagnosis of Breast Cancer; Bioreceptors for Antigen–Antibody Interactions; Biosensors for Paint and Pigment Analysis; Bioreceptors for Tissue; Biosensors for Pesticide Detection; and Advances in Biosensor Applications for Agroproducts Safety.

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Author / Editor Details
Inamuddin, PhD, is an assistant professor at King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia and is also an assistant professor in the Department of Applied Chemistry, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India. He has extensive research experience in the multidisciplinary fields of analytical chemistry, materials chemistry, electrochemistry, renewable energy and environmental science. He has published about 190 research articles in various international scientific journals, 18 book chapters, and 60 edited books with multiple well-known publishers.

Tariq Altalhi is Head of the Department of Chemistry and Vice Dean of Science College at Taif University, Saudi Arabia. He received his PhD from the University of Adelaide, Australia in 2014. His research interests include developing advanced chemistry-based solutions for solid and liquid municipal waste management, converting plastic bags to carbon nanotubes, as well as fly ash to efficient adsorbent material. He also researches natural extracts and their application in the generation of value-added products such as nanomaterials.

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Table of Contents
Preface
1. Bioreceptors for Cells
Vipul Prajapati and Salona Roy
1.1 Introduction
1.2 Classification of the Cell as a Bioreceptor
1.2.1 On the Basis of Cell Origin
1.2.1.1 Mammalian Cell
1.2.1.2 Microbial Cell
1.2.2 On the Basis of Cell Treatment
1.2.2.1 Cell Pretreated in the Lab or Invasive Detection as Bioreceptor
1.2.2.2 Cell Without Pre-Treatment or Label-Free or Non-Invasive Detection
1.3 Types of Nanomaterials Used in Cell Biosensor
1.4 Classification of Biosensors Based on Transducers
1.4.1 Conjugated Biosensor
1.4.1.1 Electrochemical Biosensors
1.4.1.2 Integrated Biosensor
1.4.1.3 Field Effect Transistor
1.4.1.4 Light Addressable Potentiometric
1.4.1.5 Patch Clamp Chip
1.4.1.6 Electric Cell-Substrate Impedance Sensor
1.4.1.7 Quartz Crystal Microbalance
1.5 Application of Biosensors of Cells
1.5.1 Quantitative Assessment-Based Application
1.5.1.1 Biomedical Application
1.5.1.2 Microbial Application
1.5.1.3 Environmental Monitoring
1.5.2 Qualitative Assessment-Based Application
1.5.2.1 Diagnostic Application
1.5.2.2 Food Industry Application
1.6 Analytical Method for Biosensors of Cells
1.6.1 Sensitivity
1.6.2 Limit of Detection
1.6.3 Limit of Quantification
1.6.4 Linear Dynamic Range
1.6.5 Selectivity
1.6.6 Response Time
1.7 Recovery Time
1.7.1 Real Sample Analysis
1.8 Conclusion
References
2. Bioreceptors for Enzymatic Interactions
Vipul Prajapati and Shraddha Shinde
2.1 Introduction
2.2 History of Biosensors
2.3 Biosensors
2.3.1 Characteristics of Biosensors
2.3.2 Design and Principle of Biosensors
2.3.3 Materials Used for Constructing Biosensors
2.4 Classification of Biosensors
2.5 Types of Bioreceptors
2.5.1 Microbial or Whole Cell
2.5.2 Aptamer
2.5.3 Antibody
2.5.4 Nanoparticle
2.5.5 Enzymes
2.5.5.1 Immobilization of Enzymes for Biosensors
2.5.5.2 Immobilization Techniques
2.6 Transducers for Enzymatic Interactions
2.6.1 Electrochemical
2.6.2 Optical Biosensor
2.6.3 Gravimetric Biosensor
2.6.4 Thermal Biosensor
2.6.5 Electronic Biosensor
2.6.6 Acoustic Biosensor
2.7 Enzymes and Enzymatic Interactions in Biosensor
2.7.1 Horseradish Peroxidase
2.7.1.1 Applications of Enzymatic Interaction of Hydrogen Peroxide Bioreceptors/Biosensors
2.7.1.2 Glucose Oxidase
2.7.1.3 Applications of Enzymatic Interaction of Glucose Oxidase Bioreceptors/Biosensors
2.7.2 Laccase
2.7.2.1 Applications of Enzymatic Interaction of Laccase Bioreceptors/Biosensors
2.7.3 Other Enzymes
2.7.4 Applications of Enzymatic Interaction of Other Enzymes Bioreceptors/Biosensors
2.7.5 Bienzymes
2.7.5.1 Applications of Enzymatic Interaction of Bienzymes Bioreceptors/Biosensors
2.7.6 Ribozymes/DNAzymes
2.7.7 Nanozymes
2.7.7.1 Applications of Enzymatic Interaction of Nanozymes Bioreceptors/Biosensors
2.8 Applications of Enzyme Biosensor
2.9 Conclusion and Future Expectations
References
3. Dendrimer-Based Nanomaterials for Biosensors
Chetna Modi, Vipul Prajapati, Nikita Udhwani, Khyati Parekh and Hiteshi Chadha
Abbreviations
3.1 Introduction
3.1.1 Structure of Dendrimers
3.1.1.1 History
3.1.2 Surface Modification Using Dendrimers
3.1.3 Synthesis of Dendrimers
3.1.3.1 Divergent Growth Method
3.1.3.2 Convergent Growth Method
3.1.3.3 Click Chemistry
3.1.3.4 Lego Chemistry
3.1.4 Types of Dendrimers
3.1.5 Structure, Physical, and Chemical Properties
3.1.6 Physicochemical Characterization of Dendrimers
3.1.7 Merits and Demerits of Dendrimers
3.2 Biosensors
3.2.1 Advantage of Dendrimer as Biosensor
3.3 Dendrimers in Drug Delivery System
3.3.1 Dendrimers in Anti-Amyloid Activity
3.3.2 PAMAM Dendrimers in Improvisation of Drug Characteristics
3.3.3 Dendrimers in Drug Administration
3.3.4 Dendrimers in Targeted Drug Delivery
3.3.5 Dendrimers in Gene Delivery
3.3.6 Dendrimers in Anticancer Therapy
3.3.7 Dendrimers in Antimicrobial Therapy
3.3.8 Dendrimers in Vaccine Delivery
3.3.9 Dendrimers as Diagnostic Tool
3.3.10 Dendrimers in Tissue Engineering
3.4 Dendrimers as Sensors
3.4.1 Sensor Performance and Dendrimer Characteristics
3.4.2 Dendrimer-Based Electrochemical Sensors
3.4.2.1 Manufacturing of Electrochemical Biosensor
3.4.3 Enzymatic Biosensors
3.4.4 Optic Biosensors
3.4.5 QCM Biosensors
3.4.6 Dendrimer-Based Glucose Biosensors
3.4.7 Xenon Biosensor
3.4.8 Penicillin Biosensors
3.4.9 Nanomaterials in Biosensors
3.5 Conclusion
References
4. Biosensors in 2D Photonic Crystals
Gowdhami D. and V. R. Balaji
4.1 Introduction
4.2 Biosensors
4.2.1 Types of Biosensors
4.2.1.1 Optical Biosensors
4.2.1.2 Operation of PC (Photonic Crystal)-Based Optical Biosensors
4.2.1.3 PC-Based Sensors
4.2.1.4 Numerical Analysis
4.2.1.5 Parameters for Sensing
4.2.2 Photonic Crystal-Based Bio-Optical Sensor
4.3 The Overall Inference
4.4 Conclusion
References
5. Bioreceptors for Affinity Binding in Theranostic Development
Tracy Ann Bruce-Tagoe, Jaison Jeevanandam and Michael K. Danquah
5.1 Introduction
5.2 Affinity-Binding Receptors
5.2.1 Antibodies
5.2.1.1 Advantages of Antibodies
5.2.1.2 Limitations of Antibodies
5.2.2 Aptamers
5.2.2.1 Advantages
5.2.2.2 Limitations
5.2.3 DNAzymes
5.3 Affinity-Binding Bioreceptors in Theranostic Applications
5.3.1 Cancer
5.3.2 Diabetes
5.3.3 Neurodegenerative and Cardiovascular Diseases
5.3.4 Pathogen Detection
5.4 Conclusion
References
6. Biosensors for Glucose Monitoring
Hoang Vinh Tran
Abbreviations
6.1 Introduction
6.1.1 Definitions and Generalities
6.1.2 Enzymatic Glucose Biosensor
6.2 Development of Enzyme-Based Glucose Biosensors
6.2.1 First Generation of Enzyme-Based Electrochemical Glucose Biosensors
6.2.2 Second-Generation Enzyme-Based GBs
6.2.3 Third-Generation Enzyme-Based GBs
6.3 Fabrication of Enzymatic Glucose Biosensors
6.3.1 Direct and Indirect Detection Modes
6.3.2 Immobilization of Enzyme for the Development of Glucose Biosensors
6.3.2.1 Adsorption Technique
6.3.2.2 Covalent Immobilization of GOx
6.3.2.3 Entrapment of GOx Into a Polymer Matrix
6.3.3 Application of Nanomaterials for the Development of a Transducer for Glucose Biosensors
6.3.3.1 Using Nanoparticles as an Artificial Peroxidase for the Fabrication of Indirect Glucose Biosensors
6.3.3.2 Using Nanoparticles as Bifunctional Tools for Developing Label-Free Glucose Biosensors
6.4 Recent Trends for Development of Glucose Biosensors
6.5 Conclusion
Acknowledgment
References
7. Metal-Free Quantum Dots-Based Nanomaterials for Biosensors
Esra Bilgin Simsek
7.1 Introduction
7.2 Metal-Free Quantum Dots as Biosensors
7.2.1 Carbon Quantum Dots as Biosensors
7.2.2 Graphene Quantum Dots as Biosensors
7.2.3 g-C3N4-Based Quantum Dots (gCNQDs) as Biosensors
7.3 Conclusions
References
8. Bioreceptors for Microbial Biosensors
S. Nalini, S. Sathiyamurthi, P. Ramya, R. Sivagamasundari, K. Mythili and M. Revathi
8.1 Introduction
8.2 Progression of Biosensor Technology
8.3 Biosensors Types
8.4 Why is a Biosensor Required?
8.5 Optical Microbial Biosensors
8.6 Mechanical Microbial Biosensor
8.7 Electrochemical Biosensor
8.8 Impedimetric Microbial Biosensor
8.9 Application of Bs in Various Fields
8.10 Recent Trends, Future Challenges, and Constrains of Biosensor Technology
8.11 Conclusion
References
9. Plasmonic Nanomaterials in Sensors
Noor Mohammadd, Ruhul Amin, Kawsar Ahmed and Francis M. Bui
9.1 Introduction
9.2 Fundamentals of Plasmonics
9.3 Optical Properties of Plasmonic Nanomaterials
9.4 Fiber Optic and PCF-Based Plasmonic Sensors
9.5 Effects of Plasmonic Nanomaterials in PCF-Based SPR Sensors
9.5.1 Copper
9.5.2 Silver
9.5.3 Gold
9.5.4 Niobium
9.6 Current Challenges and Future Directions
9.7 Conclusion
Acknowledgment
References
10. Magnetic Biosensors
Sumaiya Akhtar Mitu, Kawsar Ahmed and Francis M. Bui
10.1 Introduction
10.2 History
10.3 Structural Design
10.4 Numerical Analysis
10.5 Outcome Analysis
10.5.1 Magnetic Fluid Sensor
10.5.2 Elliptical Hole-Assisted Magnetic Fluid Sensor
10.5.3 Ring Core Fiber
10.6 Conclusion
Acknowledgment
References
11. Biosensors for Salivary Biomarker Detection of Cancer and Neurodegenerative Diseases
Bhama Sajeevan, Gopika M.G., Sreelekshmi, Rejithammol R., Santhy Antherjanam and Beena Saraswathyamma
11.1 Introduction
11.2 Biosensors for Neurodegenerative Diseases
11.2.1 Alzheimer’s Disease
11.2.2 Parkinson’s Disease
11.2.3 Huntington’s Disease
11.2.4 Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis
11.2.5 Multiple Sclerosis
11.2.6 Neuropsychiatric Disorder
11.3 Biosensor for Cancer
11.3.1 Breast Cancer
11.3.2 Lung Cancer
11.3.3 Pancreatic Cancer
11.3.4 Gastric Cancer
11.4 Conclusion
References
12. Design and Development of Fluorescent Chemosensors for the Recognition
of Biological Amines and Their Cell Imaging Studies
Nelson Malini, Sepperumal Murugesan and Ayyanar Siva
12.1 Introduction
12.2 Chemosensors
12.3 Importance of Biogenic Amines
12.3.1 Histamine-Based Biosensors
12.3.2 Tryptamine-Based Biosensors
12.3.3 Spermine-Based Biosensors
12.3.4 Tyramine-Based Chemosensor
12.3.5 Hydrazine-Based Chemosensor
12.3.6 Polyamine-Based Chemosensor
12.3.7 Aliphatic Amine-Based Chemosensors
12.3.8 Norepinephrine-Based Chemosensor
12.3.9 Serotonin-Based Chemosensor
12.3.10 Aromatic Amine-Based Chemosensor
12.4 Conclusion
References
13. Application of Optical Nanoprobes for Supramolecular Biosensing: Recent Trends and Future Perspectives
Riyanka Das, Rajeshwari Pal, Sourav Bej, Moumita Mondal and Priyabrata Banerjee
13.1 Introduction
13.2 Optical Nanoprobes for Biosensing Applications
13.2.1 Zero-Dimensional Nanoprobes for Optical Biosensing
13.2.1.1 Carbon Quantum Dots
13.2.1.2 Graphene Quantum Dots
13.2.1.3 Inorganic Quantum Dots
13.2.1.4 Noble Metal Nanoparticles
13.2.1.5 Others
13.2.2 One-Dimensional Nanoprobes for Optical Biosensing
13.2.2.1 Carbon Nanotubes
13.2.2.2 Silicon Nanowires
13.2.2.3 Gold Nanorods
13.2.2.4 Nanoribbons
13.2.2.5 Nanofibers
13.2.3 Two-Dimensional Nanoprobes for Optical Biosensing
13.2.3.1 Graphene
13.2.3.2 Graphitic Carbon Nitride (g-C3N4)
13.2.3.3 MnO2 Nanosheets (MnO2-NS)
13.2.3.4 2-D NanoMOFs
13.2.4 Three-Dimensional Nanoprobes for Optical Biosensing
13.2.4.1 Hybrid Nanoflowers
13.2.4.2 3-D NanoMOFs
13.3 Conclusions and Future Perspectives
Acknowledgment
References
14. In Vivo Applications for Nanomaterials in Biosensors
Abhinay Thakur and Ashish Kumar
14.1 Introduction
14.2 Types of NM-Based Biosensors
14.2.1 Fluorescent NM-Based Biosensors
14.2.2 Magnetic NM-Based Biosensors
14.2.3 Carbon Allotropes and Quantum Dots NM-Based Biosensors
14.2.4 Lipid NM-Based Biosensors
14.3 Conclusion and Perspectives
References
15. Biosensor and Nanotechnology for Diagnosis of Breast Cancer
Kavitha Sharanappa Gudadur, Aiswarya Manammal and PandiyarasanVeluswamy
15.1 Introduction
15.1.1 Sensors
15.1.2 Biosensors
15.1.2.1 Design and Principle
15.1.2.2 Roadmap of Biosensors
15.2 Characteristics of Biosensors
15.2.1 Cancer Treatment Using Nanotechnology
15.3 Cancer Therapy with Nanomaterials
15.3.1 Biosensors with Nanomaterials
15.3.2 Nanomaterials’ Properties
15.3.3 Organic and Inorganic Nanomaterials
15.3.3.1 Organic NPs
15.3.3.2 Inorganic NPs
15.3.4 Nanobiosensors
15.4 Diagnosis of Breast Cancer
15.4.1 Breast Cancer
15.4.2 Diagnosis
15.4.2.1 Analysis at the Point of Care (POC)
15.4.2.2 Wearable Analysis
15.5 Conclusion
References
16. Bioreceptors for Antigen–Antibody Interactions
Vipul Prajapati and Princy Shrivastav
16.1 Introduction
16.2 Antibodies: A Brief Overview
16.2.1 What Are Antibodies?
16.2.2 Types of Antibodies
16.2.3 Production and Purification of Antibodies
16.2.3.1 Polyclonal Antibodies
16.2.3.2 Monoclonal Antibodies
16.2.3.3 Recombinant Antibodies
16.2.4 Antibodies as Bioreceptors
16.3 Antigen–Antibody Reactions
16.3.1 Agglutination
16.3.2 Precipitation
16.3.3 Complement Fixation
16.3.4 Radiomunoassay
16.3.5 Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay
16.3.6 Western Blotting
16.4 Antibody-Based Biosensors (Immunosensors)
16.4.1 What are Immunosensors?
16.4.2 Selection of Antibodies Suitable for Immunosensors
16.4.3 Application of Immunosensors in Diagnostics
16.4.3.1 Antibodies for Detection of Proteins
16.4.3.2 Antibodies for Detection of Metabolites
16.4.3.3 Antibodies for Detection of Pathogens
16.4.3.4 Antibodies for Detection of Allergic Biomarkers
16.4.4 Application of Immunosensors in the Safety of Medicines
16.4.5 Application of Immunosensors in the Food Safety Industry
16.4.6 Application of Immunosensors in Environmental Safety and Control
16.4.7 Application of Immunosensors to Detect the COVID-19 Virus
16.5 Modified Antibodies as Bioreceptors: A Novel Approach
16.5.1 Antibody Mimetics
16.5.2 Camelid Nanobodies
16.5.3 Reengineered Nanobodies
16.6 Conclusion
References
17. Biosensors for Paint and Pigment Analysis
Sonal Desai, Priyal Desai and Vipul Prajapati
Abbreviations
17.1 Paint and Pigments
17.2 Characteristics of Pigments for Paints
17.3 Analysis of Paints and Pigments
17.4 Biosensors and Their Background
17.5 Components, Principle and Working of Biosensors
17.6 Applications of Biosensors
17.6.1 Pigment-Based Biosensors
17.6.2 Sensor-Based Paint and Pigment Analysis
17.7 Conclusion
References
18. Bioreceptors for Tissue
Vipul Prajapati, Jenifer Ferreir, Riya Patel, Shivani Patel and Pragati Joshi
Abbreviations
18.1 Introduction
18.2 History
18.3 Tissue-Based Biosensors
18.3.1 Tissue-Based Biosensor in Experimental Animals
18.3.1.1 Applications in Physiology
18.3.1.2 Drug Discovery and Testing
18.3.1.3 Biosensor
18.3.2 Incorporating Biosensor Molecules Into Tissue
18.3.3 Bioluminescence-Based Biosensor Tissues in Living Animals
18.3.4 Based on Bioluminescence Resonance Energy Transfer (BRET)
18.4 Classification
18.4.1 Based on Bioreceptor
18.4.1.1 Catalytic Type Biosensor
18.4.1.2 Enzyme-Based Biosensor
18.4.1.3 Microbe-Based Biosensor
18.4.1.4 Aptamer-Based Biosensor
18.4.1.5 Affinity Type Biosensor
18.4.2 Based on Transducers
18.4.2.1 Mass-Based Biosensor
18.4.3 Optical-Based Biosensor
18.4.3.1 Optical Biosensor Based on Fluorescence
18.4.3.2 Optical Biosensors Based on Chemiluminescence
18.4.3.3 Optical Biosensors Based Surface Plasmon Resonance (SPR)
18.4.3.4 Optical Biosensors Based on Optical Fibers
18.4.4 Biosensor Based on Gravimetric
18.4.5 Biosensor Based on Thermal
18.5 Applications of Tissue-Based Biosensors
18.5.1 Biosensor in Cancer Treatment
18.5.2 Biosensor in Diabetics
18.5.3 Measurement of the Light Output in the Tissues of the Living Animals From the Bioluminescence-Based Biosensor
18.5.4 Drug Delivery and Drug Testing
18.5.5 Tissue-Based Biosensors in Human Medicine
18.5.6 In the 3D Bioprinting
18.5.7 Wound Healing
18.5.8 Nanoparticles in Tissue Engineering (TE)
18.5.9 Gene Therapy
18.5.10 As a pH Biosensor
18.5.11 Nano-Enabled Sensors
18.5.12 Carbon Nanotube-Based Sensor
18.6 Generalized Areas Encompassing Biosensors
18.6.1 Biosensors in Models of Neurological Disease
18.6.2 Biosensors in Models of Cardiac Disease
18.6.3 Biosensors in Disease Models of the Liver/Lung and Immune Systems
18.6.4 Biosensor in the Model of Cancer Disease
18.6.5 Biosensors in Bioimaging
18.6.6 Biosensor in Evaluation of Food
18.7 Conclusion
References
19. Biosensors for Pesticide Detection
Hoang Vinh Tran
Abbreviations
19.1 Introduction
19.1.1 Pesticides Analysis
19.1.2 Structures and Principles of Construction of Biosensors for Pesticide Analysis
19.2 Biosensors for Pesticide Detection
19.2.1 Enzymatic Pesticides Biosensors
19.2.2 Aptameric Biosensors for PTCs Detections
19.2.3 Antibodies
19.3 Electrochemical Immunosensors for Pesticide Detection
19.3.1 Indirect Detection Mode
19.3.2 Label-Fee and Reagentless Direct Detection Mode
19.4 Applications of Nanomaterials for the Development of Pesticide Immunosensors
19.5 Conclusion
Acknowledgment
References
20. Advances in Biosensor Applications for Agroproducts Safety
Adeshina Fadeyibi
20.1 Introduction
20.2 Biosensors for Safety of Plant Products
20.2.1 BoS for Cereal Products Safety
20.2.2 BoS for Legume or Pulse Products Safety
20.2.3 BoS for Fruit and Vegetable Products Safety
20.2.4 BoS for Forestry Products Safety
20.2.5 BoS for Fodder Safety
20.3 Biosensors for Safety of Animal Products
20.3.1 BoS for Dairy Products Safety
20.3.2 BoS for Poultry Products Safety
20.4 Biosensors for Safety of Microbes Used in Food Processing and Storage
20.5 Prospects and Conclusions
References
Index

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