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Submit a ProposalAdvanced Materials and Manufacturing Techniques for Biomedical Applications
 | Edited by Arbind Prasad, Ashwani Kumar and Manoj Gupta
Copyright: 2023 | Status: Published ISBN: 9781394166190 | Hardcover | 455 pages Price: $225 USD  |
One Line Description
The book provides essential knowledge for the synthesis of biomedical products, development, nanomaterial properties, fabrication processes, and design techniques for different applications, as well as process design and optimization.
Audience
The book is for engineers, technologists, and researchers working in the area of biomedical engineering and manufacturing techniques. It is also appropriate for upper-level undergraduate and graduate students.
The book is for engineers, technologists, and researchers working in the area of biomedical engineering and manufacturing techniques. It is also appropriate for upper-level undergraduate and graduate students.
Description
In origin, biomaterials can come from nature or be synthesized in the laboratory with a variety of approaches that use metals, polymers, ceramic, or composite materials. They are often used or adapted for various biomedical applications. Biomaterials are commonly used in scaffolds, orthopedic, wound healing, fracture fixation, surgical sutures, artificial organ developments, pins and screws to stabilize fractures, surgical mesh, breast implants, artificial ligaments and tendons, and drug delivery systems.
The sixteen chapters in Advanced Materials and Manufacturing Techniques in Biomedical Applications cover the synthesis, processing, design, manufacturing, and characterization of advanced materials; self-healing, bioinspired, nature-resourced, nanobiomaterials for biomedical applications; and manufacturing techniques such as rapid prototyping, additive manufacturing, etc.
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In origin, biomaterials can come from nature or be synthesized in the laboratory with a variety of approaches that use metals, polymers, ceramic, or composite materials. They are often used or adapted for various biomedical applications. Biomaterials are commonly used in scaffolds, orthopedic, wound healing, fracture fixation, surgical sutures, artificial organ developments, pins and screws to stabilize fractures, surgical mesh, breast implants, artificial ligaments and tendons, and drug delivery systems.
The sixteen chapters in Advanced Materials and Manufacturing Techniques in Biomedical Applications cover the synthesis, processing, design, manufacturing, and characterization of advanced materials; self-healing, bioinspired, nature-resourced, nanobiomaterials for biomedical applications; and manufacturing techniques such as rapid prototyping, additive manufacturing, etc.
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Author / Editor Details
Arbind Prasad, PhD, obtained his doctorate from the Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Assam. He is currently an assistant professor and Head in the Department of Science and Technology, Government of Bihar, Posted at Katihar Engineering College, Katihar, Bihar, India. His main areas of interest include manufacturing, machining, polymer composites, biomaterials, materials processing, and orthopedic biomedical applications He has filled four patents, published more than 10 international journal articles, and edited three books.
Arbind Prasad, PhD, obtained his doctorate from the Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Assam. He is currently an assistant professor and Head in the Department of Science and Technology, Government of Bihar, Posted at Katihar Engineering College, Katihar, Bihar, India. His main areas of interest include manufacturing, machining, polymer composites, biomaterials, materials processing, and orthopedic biomedical applications He has filled four patents, published more than 10 international journal articles, and edited three books.
Ashwani Kumar, PhD, is a senior lecturer in mechanical engineering at the Technical Education Department, Uttar Pradesh (Government of Uttar Pradesh), India. He has more than 11 years of research and academic experience in mechanical and materials engineering. He has published 85 research articles in international journals and has authored/edited 13 books on mechanical and materials engineering.
Manoj Gupta, PhD, was a former Head of the Materials Division of the Mechanical Engineering Department at the National University of Singapore. He has published more than 600 peer-reviewed journal articles and owns two US patents and one trade secret. He has also co-authored eight books. He is currently among the top 0.6% of researchers as per Stanford’s List and among the top 1% Scientist of the World Position by The Universal Scientific Education and Research Network.
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Table of Contents
Preface
Acknowledgement
Section I: Advanced Materials for Biomedical Applications
1. Introduction to Next-Generation Materials for Biomedical Applications
Arbind Prasad, Sudipto Datta, Ashwani Kumar and Manoj Gupta
1.1 Introduction
1.2 Advanced Functional Materials
1.3 Market and Requirement of Next-Generation Materials
1.4 Metals and Polymeric Biomaterials
1.5 Bioabsorbable Biomaterials
1.6 Processing of Bioabsorbable Polymeric Biomaterials
1.7 Application of Next-Generation Materials in Biomedical Applications
1.8 Latest Status of Next Generation Materials in Biomedical Applications
1.8.1 Bioabsorbable Devices for Bone Tissue Engineering
1.9 Bioresorbable Devices for Skin Tissue Engineering
1.10 Challenges and Perspectives
1.11 Conclusion
References
2. Advanced Materials for Surgical Tools and Biomedical Implants
Sudipto Datta and Ranjit Barua
2.1 Introduction
2.2 Application of Bioengineering to Healthcare
2.3 Application in Musculoskeletal and Orthopedic Medicines
2.4 Application as a Disposable Medical Device
2.5 Application as an Implantable Biosensor
2.6 Conclusions
References
3. Insights into Multifunctional Smart Hydrogels in Wound Healing Applications
Sriparna De, Dipankar Das, Arbind Prasad, Ashwani Kumar and Dipankar Chattopadhyay
3.1 Introduction
3.2 Architecture of Fabricated Hydrogels
3.3 Bactericidal Effect on Wound Repair
3.3.1 Historical Perspective
3.3.2 Microbial Influence on Wound Healing
3.3.3 Wound Tissue Healing Strategies: Case Study
3.3.4 Degradation of Wound Healing Factors
3.3.5 pH and Wound Healing: Impact of Bacteria
3.4 New Frontiers of Hydrogels in Wound Dressing Applications
3.4.1 Hemostatic Hydrogel as Wound Dressing
3.4.2 Anti-Oxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Hydrogel Wound Dressing
3.4.3 Antibacterial Hydrogel Wound Healing
3.4.4 Self-Healing Hydrogel Wound Dressing
3.4.5 Conductive Hydrogel Wound Dressing for Wound Monitoring
3.4.6 Chronic Wound Dressing
3.5 Conclusion and Future Perspectives
References
4. Natural Resource-Based Nanobiomaterials: A Sustainable Material for Biomedical Applications
Monika Singh, Murchana Changmai, Tabli Ghosh and Anugraha Karwa
4.1 Introduction
4.2 Natural Resource-Based Biopolymer
4.2.1 Cellulose
4.2.2 Lignin
4.2.3 Starch
4.2.4 Chitosan
4.2.5 Silk
4.3 Extraction of Nature Resource-Based Nanomaterials
4.3.1 Extraction of Cellulose-Based Nanostructures
4.3.2 Extraction of Lignin-Based Nanostructures
4.3.3 Extraction of Starch-Based Nanostructures
4.3.4 Extraction of Chitosan-Based Nanostructures
4.3.5 Extraction of Silk Nanostructures
4.4 Biomedical Applications of Nature Resource-Based Nanomaterials and Their Nanobiocomposites
4.4.1 Nanocellulose in Biomedical Application
4.4.2 Nanolignin in Biomedical Application
4.4.3 Nanostarch in Biomedical Application
4.4.4 Nanochitosan in Biomedical Application
4.4.5 Nanosilk in Biomedical Application
4.5 Other Applications
References
5. Biodegradable Magnesium Composites for Orthopedic Applications
Anshu Dubey, Satish Jaiswal, S. Vincent and Vignesh Kumaravel
5.1 Introduction
5.1.1 Biomaterials for Bone Implants
5.1.2 Magnesium: A Smart Material
5.1.3 Materials and Methods
5.1.4 Design Requirements for Mg-Based Composites
5.1.5 Types of Reinforcements
5.2 Materials and Methods
5.2.1 Powder Processing Route
5.2.2 Casting Route
5.3 Results and Discussion
5.3.1 Biodegradation Study
5.3.2 Biocompatibility
5.3.3 In Vivo Assessment of the Nanocomposites for Tissue Compatibility
5.4 Conclusion and Future Outlook
References
6. New Frontiers of Bioinspired Polymer Nanocomposite for Biomedical Applications
Sonika, Gopikishan Sabavath, Sushil Kumar Verma, Ram Swaroop and Arbind Prasad
6.1 Introduction
6.1.1 Polymers Used in Biomedical Applications
6.1.2 Graphene-Polymer Nanocomposites
6.2 Methods to Prepare Graphene-Based Polymer Nanocomposites
6.3 Magnetic Material – Polymer Nanocomposites
6.3.1 Organization of Magnetic Polymer Nanocomposites
6.3.2 Residues and Suspensions
6.3.3 Tridimensional Solids
6.3.4 High-Permeability Materials for the Microwave
6.3.5 Piezoelectric Materials
6.3.6 Multifunctional Materials
6.3.6.1 Transparent Magnetic Materials
6.3.6.2 Luminescent Magnetic Materials
6.4 Nanostructured Composites
6.5 Conclusion and Future Trends
References
7. Nanohydroxyapatite-Based Composite Materials and Processing
Atanu Kumar Paul, Shasanka Sekhar Borkotoky and Arbind Prasad
7.1 Introduction
7.2 Biomaterials
7.3 Types of Biomaterials
7.3.1 Polymers
7.3.2 Composites
7.4 Structure of Hydroxyapatite
7.5 Nanohydroxyapatite
7.5.1 Nanohydroxyapatite/Polymer Composite
7.5.2 Nanohydroxyapatite/Poly (Vinyl Alcohol) Composite
7.5.3 Nanohydroxyapatite/Sodium Alginate Composite
7.5.4 Nanohydroxyapatite/Chitosan Composite
7.5.5 Nanohydroxyapatite/Gelatin Composite
7.5.6 Nanohydroxyapatite/Chitosan-Gelatin Composite
7.5.7 Nanohydroxyapatite-Polylactic Acid Nanocomposites
7.6 Cancer Detection and Cell Imaging
7.6.1 Size and Morphology
7.7 Conclusion
References
8. Self-Healing Materials and Hydrogel for Biomedical Application
Arabinda Majhi, Megha Dhiman, Partha Roy and Debrupa Lahiri
8.1 Introduction
8.2 Self-Healing Hydrogels
8.3 Mechanism of Self-Healing in Hydrogels
8.3.1 Physically Cross-Linked Self-Healing Hydrogels
8.3.1.1 Hydrogen Bonding
8.3.1.2 Ionic Interactions
8.3.1.3 Host–Guest Interactions
8.3.1.4 Hydrophobic Interactions
8.3.2 Chemically Self-Healing Hydrogels
8.3.2.1 Imine Bond
8.3.2.2 Diel-Alder Reaction
8.3.2.3 Disulphide Bond
8.3.2.4 Boronate-Diol Complexation
8.4 Application of Self-Healing Hydrogel in Biomedical Application
8.4.1 Drug Delivery
8.4.2 Tissue Engineering Application
8.4.2.1 Wound Healing
8.4.2.2 Neural Tissue Engineering
8.4.2.3 Bone Tissue Engineering
8.5 Conclusion and Future Prospects
References
Section II: Advanced Manufacturing Techniques for Biomedical Applications
9. Biomimetic and Bioinspired Composite Processing for Biomedical Applications
Hemant Kumar, Purnima Justa, Nancy Jaswal, Balaram Pani and Pramod Kumar
9.1 Introduction
9.2 Synthesis of Biomimetic and Bioinspired Composite
9.2.1 3D (Three-Dimensional) Printing
9.2.2 Synthesis of Bioinspired Nanomaterials
9.3 Biomaterials for Biomedical Applications
9.3.1 Biomaterials-Based Cell Therapy
9.3.2 Biomaterials for Cancer Diagnostics
9.3.3 Biomaterials for Vaccine Development
9.4 Bioinspired Materials
9.4.1 One-Dimensional Bioinspired Material
9.4.2 Two-Dimensional (2D) Bioinspired Materials
9.4.3 Three Dimensional (3D) Bioinspired Materials
9.5 Biomimetic Drug Delivery Systems
9.5.1 Cell Membrane-Based Drug Delivery System
9.5.2 Lipoprotein-Based Drug Delivery System
9.6 Artificial Organs
9.6.1 Artificial Kidney
9.6.2 Artificial Liver
9.6.3 Artificial Pancreas
9.6.4 Artificial Lung
9.7 Neuroprosthetics
9.7.1 Sensory Prosthetics
9.7.1.1 Auditory Prosthetics
9.7.1.2 Visual Prosthetics
9.7.2 Motor Prosthetics
9.7.3 Cognitive Prosthetics
9.8 Conclusion
References
10. 3D Printing in Drug Delivery and Healthcare
B. Mahesh Krishna, Francis Luther King M., G. Robert Singh and A. Gopichand
10.1 Introduction
10.2 3D Printing in Healthcare Technologies
10.3 Four Dimensions Printing (4D)
10.4 Transformation Process and Materials
10.4.1 3D Bioprinting
10.4.1.1 Bioinks
10.4.2 Bioceramics
10.4.3 Synthetic Biopolymers
10.5 3D Printing’s Pharmaceutical Potentials
10.5.1 Personalization
10.5.2 Personalized Therapy
10.6 Drug Administration Routes
10.6.1 Transdermal Route
10.6.2 Ocular Route
10.6.3 Rectal and Vaginal Routes
10.6.4 Pulmonary Drug Delivery
10.7 Custom Design 3D Printed Pharmaceuticals
10.8 Excipient Selection for 3D Printing Custom Designs
10.9 Customized Medicating of Drugs
10.10 Devices for Personalized Topical Treatment
10.10.1 Oral Solid Dosage Forms
10.10.2 Semisolid Extrusion (EXT) and Inkjet Printing
10.10.3 Stencil Printing
10.10.4 Implants
10.10.5 Tissue Engineering
10.10.6 Regenerative Medicine
10.10.7 Scaffoldings
10.10.8 Organ Printing
10.11 Conclusion
References
11. 3D Printing in Biomedical Applications: Techniques and Emerging Trends
Gourhari Chakraborty and Atanu Kumar Paul
11.1 Introduction
11.2 3D Printing Technologies
11.2.1 Digital Model
11.2.2 Inkjet-Based 3D Printing
11.2.3 Extrusion-Based 3D Printing
11.2.4 Laser-Based 3D Printing
11.2.5 Bioplotting
11.2.6 Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM)
11.3 Materials for 3D Printing
11.3.1 Hydrogel
11.3.2 Polymers (Melt Cured)
11.3.3 Metallic Substances
11.3.4 Ceramic Substances
11.3.5 Living Cells
11.4 Biomedical Applications: Recent Trends of 3D-Printing
11.4.1 Skin
11.4.2 Bone and Dentistry
11.4.3 Tissue
11.4.4 Drug Delivery
11.4.5 Other Applications
11.5 Challenges and Opportunities
11.6 Conclusion
Acknowledgements
References
12. Self-Sustained Nanobiomaterials: Innovative Materials for Biomedical Applications
Sudipto Datta, Samir Das and Ranjit Barua
12.1 Introduction
12.1.1 Classification of Nanobiomaterials
12.1.2 Composition
12.1.3 Dimensionality
12.1.4 Morphology
12.2 Nanobiomaterials Applications
12.2.1 Drug Deliverance
12.2.2 Oncology
12.2.3 Diagnostics
12.2.4 Application in Tissue Engineering
12.2.5 Antifouling and Antimicrobial Nanobiomaterials
12.3 Challenge in the Clinical Rendition of Nanobiomaterials
12.3.1 Nanotoxicity
12.3.2 Regulatory Considerations
12.3.3 Commercialization
12.4 Conclusion and Future Directions
References
13. Residual Stress Analysis in Titanium Alloys Used for Biomedical Applications
Gulshan Kumar, Rohit Kumar and Arshpreet Singh
13.1 Introduction
13.2 Methodology
13.2.1 Material Selection
13.2.2 Experimental Details
13.2.2.1 Experimental Setup and Force Calculation
13.2.2.2 Sample Preparation
13.2.2.3 Residual Stress and Microstructure Evaluations
13.3 Results and Discussion
13.3.1 Deforming Forces Analysis in Incremental Forming
13.3.2 Microstructural Analysis
13.3.3 Residual Stresses
13.4 Conclusions
References
14. Challenges and Perspective of Manufacturing Techniques in Biomedical Applications
Francis Luther King M., G. Robert Singh, A. Gopichand and Srinivasan V.
14.1 Introduction
14.2 3D Printing Applications in the Biomedical Field
14.2.1 Surgical Applications
14.2.2 Disease Modeling
14.2.3 Medical Devices
14.2.4 Implants
14.2.5 Patient-Specific Implants
14.2.6 Vet Medicine
14.2.7 Bioengineering and Stem Cell Research
14.2.8 Organ Printing
14.3 Multi-Functional Materials in 3D Printing
14.3.1 Metal Alloys
14.3.2 Polymer
14.3.3 Nanomaterials
14.4 Merits of AM in Medical Field
14.4.1 Personalization and Customization
14.4.2 Budget-Friendly
14.4.3 Productivity Gains
14.4.4 Democratization and Collaboration
14.4.5 Precision, Adaptability, and Usability
14.5 Major Challenges of AM in Medical Field
14.5.1 Cost-Effective Only in Case of Customized Part
14.5.2 Material Changing Option is Limited
14.5.3 Limitation in Neurosurgery
14.6 Major Challenges of AM
14.6.1 Formation of a Void
14.6.2 Layer by Layer Aesthetics
14.6.3 Conception to Completion
14.6.4 Mechanical Characteristics and Anisotropic Microstructure
14.7 Problems Encountered When Processing
14.7.1 Materials
14.7.2 Selection of Binders
14.7.3 Mechanical Properties
14.7.4 Distribution of Size
14.7.5 Choice of Materials
14.7.6 Texture and Color
14.7.7 Printers
14.7.8 Dimension Accuracy
14.7.9 Nozzle Size
14.7.10 Layer Height
14.7.11 Build Failure
14.8 Challenges in Management
14.8.1 Training
14.8.2 High Priced Products
14.8.3 Lack of Guidelines
14.8.4 Cyber Security Issues
14.8.5 Infrastructure
14.8.6 Patent, Trademark, and Copyright Issues
14.8.6.1 Patent Protection
14.8.6.2 Trademark Protection
14.8.7 Copyright Protection
14.9 Conclusion
References
15. Metal 3D Printing for Emerging Healthcare Applications
Sudipto Datta, Yusuf Olatunji Waidi and Arbind Prasad
15.1 Introduction
15.2 Metallic 3D Printing Methods for Biomedical Applications
15.2.1 (SLS) Selective Laser Sintering 3D Printing
15.2.2 (SLM) Selective Laser Melting 3D Printing
15.2.3 (LDMD) Laser Direct Metal Deposition 3D Printing
15.2.4 (LIFT) Laser-Induced Forward Transfer 3D Printing
15.2.5 (SEBM) Selective Electron Beam Melting 3D Printing
15.2.6 (ADAM) Atomic Diffusion Additive Manufacturing
15.2.7 (NPJ) Nanoparticle Jetting
15.2.8 Inkjet 3DP/Binder Jetting
15.3 Biometals 3D Printing
15.3.1 Titanium Alloy
15.3.2 Tantalum
15.3.3 Alloy of Cobalt–Chromium
15.3.4 Liquid Metals
15.3.5 Iron
15.3.6 Magnesium
15.3.7 Zinc
15.4 Future Direction and Challenges
References
16. Additive Manufacturing for the Development of Artificial Organs
Sudipto Datta, Ranjit Barua and Arbind Prasad
16.1 Introduction
16.2 3D Printing of Biomaterials
16.3 Main Mechanisms of 3D Printing for Organ and Tissue Printing
16.4 Techniques to Fabricate Tissues and Organs Using 3D Printing
16.5 Application of 3D Printing in Implants and Drug Delivery
16.6 Application 3D Printing in Orthotics and Prosthetics
16.7 3D Printing Application in Tissue Engineering
16.8 Future Scope
16.9 Conclusion
References
Index
Back to Top
Preface
Acknowledgement
Section I: Advanced Materials for Biomedical Applications
1. Introduction to Next-Generation Materials for Biomedical Applications
Arbind Prasad, Sudipto Datta, Ashwani Kumar and Manoj Gupta
1.1 Introduction
1.2 Advanced Functional Materials
1.3 Market and Requirement of Next-Generation Materials
1.4 Metals and Polymeric Biomaterials
1.5 Bioabsorbable Biomaterials
1.6 Processing of Bioabsorbable Polymeric Biomaterials
1.7 Application of Next-Generation Materials in Biomedical Applications
1.8 Latest Status of Next Generation Materials in Biomedical Applications
1.8.1 Bioabsorbable Devices for Bone Tissue Engineering
1.9 Bioresorbable Devices for Skin Tissue Engineering
1.10 Challenges and Perspectives
1.11 Conclusion
References
2. Advanced Materials for Surgical Tools and Biomedical Implants
Sudipto Datta and Ranjit Barua
2.1 Introduction
2.2 Application of Bioengineering to Healthcare
2.3 Application in Musculoskeletal and Orthopedic Medicines
2.4 Application as a Disposable Medical Device
2.5 Application as an Implantable Biosensor
2.6 Conclusions
References
3. Insights into Multifunctional Smart Hydrogels in Wound Healing Applications
Sriparna De, Dipankar Das, Arbind Prasad, Ashwani Kumar and Dipankar Chattopadhyay
3.1 Introduction
3.2 Architecture of Fabricated Hydrogels
3.3 Bactericidal Effect on Wound Repair
3.3.1 Historical Perspective
3.3.2 Microbial Influence on Wound Healing
3.3.3 Wound Tissue Healing Strategies: Case Study
3.3.4 Degradation of Wound Healing Factors
3.3.5 pH and Wound Healing: Impact of Bacteria
3.4 New Frontiers of Hydrogels in Wound Dressing Applications
3.4.1 Hemostatic Hydrogel as Wound Dressing
3.4.2 Anti-Oxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Hydrogel Wound Dressing
3.4.3 Antibacterial Hydrogel Wound Healing
3.4.4 Self-Healing Hydrogel Wound Dressing
3.4.5 Conductive Hydrogel Wound Dressing for Wound Monitoring
3.4.6 Chronic Wound Dressing
3.5 Conclusion and Future Perspectives
References
4. Natural Resource-Based Nanobiomaterials: A Sustainable Material for Biomedical Applications
Monika Singh, Murchana Changmai, Tabli Ghosh and Anugraha Karwa
4.1 Introduction
4.2 Natural Resource-Based Biopolymer
4.2.1 Cellulose
4.2.2 Lignin
4.2.3 Starch
4.2.4 Chitosan
4.2.5 Silk
4.3 Extraction of Nature Resource-Based Nanomaterials
4.3.1 Extraction of Cellulose-Based Nanostructures
4.3.2 Extraction of Lignin-Based Nanostructures
4.3.3 Extraction of Starch-Based Nanostructures
4.3.4 Extraction of Chitosan-Based Nanostructures
4.3.5 Extraction of Silk Nanostructures
4.4 Biomedical Applications of Nature Resource-Based Nanomaterials and Their Nanobiocomposites
4.4.1 Nanocellulose in Biomedical Application
4.4.2 Nanolignin in Biomedical Application
4.4.3 Nanostarch in Biomedical Application
4.4.4 Nanochitosan in Biomedical Application
4.4.5 Nanosilk in Biomedical Application
4.5 Other Applications
References
5. Biodegradable Magnesium Composites for Orthopedic Applications
Anshu Dubey, Satish Jaiswal, S. Vincent and Vignesh Kumaravel
5.1 Introduction
5.1.1 Biomaterials for Bone Implants
5.1.2 Magnesium: A Smart Material
5.1.3 Materials and Methods
5.1.4 Design Requirements for Mg-Based Composites
5.1.5 Types of Reinforcements
5.2 Materials and Methods
5.2.1 Powder Processing Route
5.2.2 Casting Route
5.3 Results and Discussion
5.3.1 Biodegradation Study
5.3.2 Biocompatibility
5.3.3 In Vivo Assessment of the Nanocomposites for Tissue Compatibility
5.4 Conclusion and Future Outlook
References
6. New Frontiers of Bioinspired Polymer Nanocomposite for Biomedical Applications
Sonika, Gopikishan Sabavath, Sushil Kumar Verma, Ram Swaroop and Arbind Prasad
6.1 Introduction
6.1.1 Polymers Used in Biomedical Applications
6.1.2 Graphene-Polymer Nanocomposites
6.2 Methods to Prepare Graphene-Based Polymer Nanocomposites
6.3 Magnetic Material – Polymer Nanocomposites
6.3.1 Organization of Magnetic Polymer Nanocomposites
6.3.2 Residues and Suspensions
6.3.3 Tridimensional Solids
6.3.4 High-Permeability Materials for the Microwave
6.3.5 Piezoelectric Materials
6.3.6 Multifunctional Materials
6.3.6.1 Transparent Magnetic Materials
6.3.6.2 Luminescent Magnetic Materials
6.4 Nanostructured Composites
6.5 Conclusion and Future Trends
References
7. Nanohydroxyapatite-Based Composite Materials and Processing
Atanu Kumar Paul, Shasanka Sekhar Borkotoky and Arbind Prasad
7.1 Introduction
7.2 Biomaterials
7.3 Types of Biomaterials
7.3.1 Polymers
7.3.2 Composites
7.4 Structure of Hydroxyapatite
7.5 Nanohydroxyapatite
7.5.1 Nanohydroxyapatite/Polymer Composite
7.5.2 Nanohydroxyapatite/Poly (Vinyl Alcohol) Composite
7.5.3 Nanohydroxyapatite/Sodium Alginate Composite
7.5.4 Nanohydroxyapatite/Chitosan Composite
7.5.5 Nanohydroxyapatite/Gelatin Composite
7.5.6 Nanohydroxyapatite/Chitosan-Gelatin Composite
7.5.7 Nanohydroxyapatite-Polylactic Acid Nanocomposites
7.6 Cancer Detection and Cell Imaging
7.6.1 Size and Morphology
7.7 Conclusion
References
8. Self-Healing Materials and Hydrogel for Biomedical Application
Arabinda Majhi, Megha Dhiman, Partha Roy and Debrupa Lahiri
8.1 Introduction
8.2 Self-Healing Hydrogels
8.3 Mechanism of Self-Healing in Hydrogels
8.3.1 Physically Cross-Linked Self-Healing Hydrogels
8.3.1.1 Hydrogen Bonding
8.3.1.2 Ionic Interactions
8.3.1.3 Host–Guest Interactions
8.3.1.4 Hydrophobic Interactions
8.3.2 Chemically Self-Healing Hydrogels
8.3.2.1 Imine Bond
8.3.2.2 Diel-Alder Reaction
8.3.2.3 Disulphide Bond
8.3.2.4 Boronate-Diol Complexation
8.4 Application of Self-Healing Hydrogel in Biomedical Application
8.4.1 Drug Delivery
8.4.2 Tissue Engineering Application
8.4.2.1 Wound Healing
8.4.2.2 Neural Tissue Engineering
8.4.2.3 Bone Tissue Engineering
8.5 Conclusion and Future Prospects
References
Section II: Advanced Manufacturing Techniques for Biomedical Applications
9. Biomimetic and Bioinspired Composite Processing for Biomedical Applications
Hemant Kumar, Purnima Justa, Nancy Jaswal, Balaram Pani and Pramod Kumar
9.1 Introduction
9.2 Synthesis of Biomimetic and Bioinspired Composite
9.2.1 3D (Three-Dimensional) Printing
9.2.2 Synthesis of Bioinspired Nanomaterials
9.3 Biomaterials for Biomedical Applications
9.3.1 Biomaterials-Based Cell Therapy
9.3.2 Biomaterials for Cancer Diagnostics
9.3.3 Biomaterials for Vaccine Development
9.4 Bioinspired Materials
9.4.1 One-Dimensional Bioinspired Material
9.4.2 Two-Dimensional (2D) Bioinspired Materials
9.4.3 Three Dimensional (3D) Bioinspired Materials
9.5 Biomimetic Drug Delivery Systems
9.5.1 Cell Membrane-Based Drug Delivery System
9.5.2 Lipoprotein-Based Drug Delivery System
9.6 Artificial Organs
9.6.1 Artificial Kidney
9.6.2 Artificial Liver
9.6.3 Artificial Pancreas
9.6.4 Artificial Lung
9.7 Neuroprosthetics
9.7.1 Sensory Prosthetics
9.7.1.1 Auditory Prosthetics
9.7.1.2 Visual Prosthetics
9.7.2 Motor Prosthetics
9.7.3 Cognitive Prosthetics
9.8 Conclusion
References
10. 3D Printing in Drug Delivery and Healthcare
B. Mahesh Krishna, Francis Luther King M., G. Robert Singh and A. Gopichand
10.1 Introduction
10.2 3D Printing in Healthcare Technologies
10.3 Four Dimensions Printing (4D)
10.4 Transformation Process and Materials
10.4.1 3D Bioprinting
10.4.1.1 Bioinks
10.4.2 Bioceramics
10.4.3 Synthetic Biopolymers
10.5 3D Printing’s Pharmaceutical Potentials
10.5.1 Personalization
10.5.2 Personalized Therapy
10.6 Drug Administration Routes
10.6.1 Transdermal Route
10.6.2 Ocular Route
10.6.3 Rectal and Vaginal Routes
10.6.4 Pulmonary Drug Delivery
10.7 Custom Design 3D Printed Pharmaceuticals
10.8 Excipient Selection for 3D Printing Custom Designs
10.9 Customized Medicating of Drugs
10.10 Devices for Personalized Topical Treatment
10.10.1 Oral Solid Dosage Forms
10.10.2 Semisolid Extrusion (EXT) and Inkjet Printing
10.10.3 Stencil Printing
10.10.4 Implants
10.10.5 Tissue Engineering
10.10.6 Regenerative Medicine
10.10.7 Scaffoldings
10.10.8 Organ Printing
10.11 Conclusion
References
11. 3D Printing in Biomedical Applications: Techniques and Emerging Trends
Gourhari Chakraborty and Atanu Kumar Paul
11.1 Introduction
11.2 3D Printing Technologies
11.2.1 Digital Model
11.2.2 Inkjet-Based 3D Printing
11.2.3 Extrusion-Based 3D Printing
11.2.4 Laser-Based 3D Printing
11.2.5 Bioplotting
11.2.6 Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM)
11.3 Materials for 3D Printing
11.3.1 Hydrogel
11.3.2 Polymers (Melt Cured)
11.3.3 Metallic Substances
11.3.4 Ceramic Substances
11.3.5 Living Cells
11.4 Biomedical Applications: Recent Trends of 3D-Printing
11.4.1 Skin
11.4.2 Bone and Dentistry
11.4.3 Tissue
11.4.4 Drug Delivery
11.4.5 Other Applications
11.5 Challenges and Opportunities
11.6 Conclusion
Acknowledgements
References
12. Self-Sustained Nanobiomaterials: Innovative Materials for Biomedical Applications
Sudipto Datta, Samir Das and Ranjit Barua
12.1 Introduction
12.1.1 Classification of Nanobiomaterials
12.1.2 Composition
12.1.3 Dimensionality
12.1.4 Morphology
12.2 Nanobiomaterials Applications
12.2.1 Drug Deliverance
12.2.2 Oncology
12.2.3 Diagnostics
12.2.4 Application in Tissue Engineering
12.2.5 Antifouling and Antimicrobial Nanobiomaterials
12.3 Challenge in the Clinical Rendition of Nanobiomaterials
12.3.1 Nanotoxicity
12.3.2 Regulatory Considerations
12.3.3 Commercialization
12.4 Conclusion and Future Directions
References
13. Residual Stress Analysis in Titanium Alloys Used for Biomedical Applications
Gulshan Kumar, Rohit Kumar and Arshpreet Singh
13.1 Introduction
13.2 Methodology
13.2.1 Material Selection
13.2.2 Experimental Details
13.2.2.1 Experimental Setup and Force Calculation
13.2.2.2 Sample Preparation
13.2.2.3 Residual Stress and Microstructure Evaluations
13.3 Results and Discussion
13.3.1 Deforming Forces Analysis in Incremental Forming
13.3.2 Microstructural Analysis
13.3.3 Residual Stresses
13.4 Conclusions
References
14. Challenges and Perspective of Manufacturing Techniques in Biomedical Applications
Francis Luther King M., G. Robert Singh, A. Gopichand and Srinivasan V.
14.1 Introduction
14.2 3D Printing Applications in the Biomedical Field
14.2.1 Surgical Applications
14.2.2 Disease Modeling
14.2.3 Medical Devices
14.2.4 Implants
14.2.5 Patient-Specific Implants
14.2.6 Vet Medicine
14.2.7 Bioengineering and Stem Cell Research
14.2.8 Organ Printing
14.3 Multi-Functional Materials in 3D Printing
14.3.1 Metal Alloys
14.3.2 Polymer
14.3.3 Nanomaterials
14.4 Merits of AM in Medical Field
14.4.1 Personalization and Customization
14.4.2 Budget-Friendly
14.4.3 Productivity Gains
14.4.4 Democratization and Collaboration
14.4.5 Precision, Adaptability, and Usability
14.5 Major Challenges of AM in Medical Field
14.5.1 Cost-Effective Only in Case of Customized Part
14.5.2 Material Changing Option is Limited
14.5.3 Limitation in Neurosurgery
14.6 Major Challenges of AM
14.6.1 Formation of a Void
14.6.2 Layer by Layer Aesthetics
14.6.3 Conception to Completion
14.6.4 Mechanical Characteristics and Anisotropic Microstructure
14.7 Problems Encountered When Processing
14.7.1 Materials
14.7.2 Selection of Binders
14.7.3 Mechanical Properties
14.7.4 Distribution of Size
14.7.5 Choice of Materials
14.7.6 Texture and Color
14.7.7 Printers
14.7.8 Dimension Accuracy
14.7.9 Nozzle Size
14.7.10 Layer Height
14.7.11 Build Failure
14.8 Challenges in Management
14.8.1 Training
14.8.2 High Priced Products
14.8.3 Lack of Guidelines
14.8.4 Cyber Security Issues
14.8.5 Infrastructure
14.8.6 Patent, Trademark, and Copyright Issues
14.8.6.1 Patent Protection
14.8.6.2 Trademark Protection
14.8.7 Copyright Protection
14.9 Conclusion
References
15. Metal 3D Printing for Emerging Healthcare Applications
Sudipto Datta, Yusuf Olatunji Waidi and Arbind Prasad
15.1 Introduction
15.2 Metallic 3D Printing Methods for Biomedical Applications
15.2.1 (SLS) Selective Laser Sintering 3D Printing
15.2.2 (SLM) Selective Laser Melting 3D Printing
15.2.3 (LDMD) Laser Direct Metal Deposition 3D Printing
15.2.4 (LIFT) Laser-Induced Forward Transfer 3D Printing
15.2.5 (SEBM) Selective Electron Beam Melting 3D Printing
15.2.6 (ADAM) Atomic Diffusion Additive Manufacturing
15.2.7 (NPJ) Nanoparticle Jetting
15.2.8 Inkjet 3DP/Binder Jetting
15.3 Biometals 3D Printing
15.3.1 Titanium Alloy
15.3.2 Tantalum
15.3.3 Alloy of Cobalt–Chromium
15.3.4 Liquid Metals
15.3.5 Iron
15.3.6 Magnesium
15.3.7 Zinc
15.4 Future Direction and Challenges
References
16. Additive Manufacturing for the Development of Artificial Organs
Sudipto Datta, Ranjit Barua and Arbind Prasad
16.1 Introduction
16.2 3D Printing of Biomaterials
16.3 Main Mechanisms of 3D Printing for Organ and Tissue Printing
16.4 Techniques to Fabricate Tissues and Organs Using 3D Printing
16.5 Application of 3D Printing in Implants and Drug Delivery
16.6 Application 3D Printing in Orthotics and Prosthetics
16.7 3D Printing Application in Tissue Engineering
16.8 Future Scope
16.9 Conclusion
References
Index
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