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Submit a ProposalSmart Grids for Smart Cities Volume 2
 | Real-Time Applications in Smart Cities Edited by O.V. Gnana Swathika, K. Karthikeyan, and Sanjeevikumar Padmanaban Copyright: 2023 | Status: Published ISBN: 9781394215874 | Hardcover | 329 pages Price: $225 USD  |
One Line Description
Written and edited by a team of experts in the field, this second volume in a two-volume set focuses on an interdisciplinary perspective on the financial, environmental, and other benefits of smart grid technologies and solutions for smart cities.
Audience
Engineers, technicians, researchers, students, academics, and other industry professionals working with smart grids or smart cities
Engineers, technicians, researchers, students, academics, and other industry professionals working with smart grids or smart cities
Description
This second volume in this groundbreaking two-volume set continues the authors’ and editors’ mission to present the concepts and best practices of smart grids and how they can be utilized within the framework of a technological tapestry to create smart cities. Continuing to go through the challenges and their practical solutions, this second volume includes chapters on waste management, e-waste, automotive and transportation engineering, and how internet-of-things can be utilized within these “smart” technologies, and many others.
Like its predecessor, this exciting new volume covers all of these technologies, including the basic concepts and the problems and solutions involved with practical applications in the real world. Whether for the veteran engineer or scientist, the student, or a manager or other technician working in the field, this volume is a must-have for any library.
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This second volume in this groundbreaking two-volume set continues the authors’ and editors’ mission to present the concepts and best practices of smart grids and how they can be utilized within the framework of a technological tapestry to create smart cities. Continuing to go through the challenges and their practical solutions, this second volume includes chapters on waste management, e-waste, automotive and transportation engineering, and how internet-of-things can be utilized within these “smart” technologies, and many others.
Like its predecessor, this exciting new volume covers all of these technologies, including the basic concepts and the problems and solutions involved with practical applications in the real world. Whether for the veteran engineer or scientist, the student, or a manager or other technician working in the field, this volume is a must-have for any library.
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Author / Editor Details
O.V. Gnana Swathika, PhD, earned her PhD in electrical engineering from VIT University, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India. She completed her postdoc at the University of Moratuwa, Sri Lanka in 2019. Her current research interests include microgrid protection, power system optimization, embedded systems, and photovoltaic systems.
O.V. Gnana Swathika, PhD, earned her PhD in electrical engineering from VIT University, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India. She completed her postdoc at the University of Moratuwa, Sri Lanka in 2019. Her current research interests include microgrid protection, power system optimization, embedded systems, and photovoltaic systems.
K. Karthikeyan is an electrical and electronics engineering graduate with a master’s in personnel management from the University of Madras. He has two decades of experience in electrical design. He is Chief Engineering Manager in Electrical Designs for Larsen & Toubro Construction.
Sanjeevikumar Padmanaban, PhD, is a professor in the Department of Electrical Engineering, IT and Cybernetic, University of South-Eastern Norway, Porsgrunn, Norway. He received his PhD in electrical engineering from the University of Bologna, Italy. He has almost ten years of teaching, research and industrial experience and is an associate editor on a number of international scientific refereed journals. He has published more than 750 research papers and has won numerous awards for his research and teaching.
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Table of Contents
Preface
21. Smart Child Tracking System
Vijayan Sumathi, Mohamed Abdullah J., Rethinam Senthil and E. Prema
21.1 Introduction
21.2 System Modeling
21.3 Hardware Design
21.4 Results and Discussion
21.5 Conclusion
References
22. Smart Vehicular Parking Systems for Open Parking Lots
Sidharth Mishra, Rohan B., D. Subbulekshmi, T. Deepa, S. Angalaeswari and Raana Cariappa Kalianda
22.1 Introduction
22.2 Description of Smart Parking System
22.3 Circuit Diagram
22.4 Block Diagram
22.5 Working Principle
22.6 Results and Inference
22.7 Conclusion
Future Scope
References
23. Two Efficient Approaches to Building a Recommendation Engine for Movies Based on Collaborative Filtering on User Ratings
Aniket Biswal and Thirumurugan Krishnasamy
23.1 Introduction
23.2 Approach 1: Model-Based Collaborative Filtering
23.2.1 Implementation of Recommender System
23.3 Approach 2: Graph-Based Collaborative Filtering
23.3.1 Reasons for Choosing a Graph-Based Approach over Memory-Based
23.3.2 Implementation of the Recommendation System
23.4 Conclusion
References
24. Design and Construction of Unbiased Digital Dice
Debdatta Bhunia, D. Subbulekshmi, S. Angalaeswari, T. Deepa, Kulkarni Swanand Nishikant, Prashashya Patel and Sradha N.
24.1 Introduction
24.2 Description
24.3 Circuit Diagram and Components
24.4 Working Principle
24.5 Conclusion
References
25. Review on Utilizing E-Waste in Concrete
P. Krithiga, P. J. Subha Shree, B. Thihalya and B. Siva Prakash
25.1 Introduction
25.2 Methodology
25.3 Composition of E-Waste
25.4 Process of Export
25.5 Impact of E-Waste on Environment and Human Health
25.5.1 Environmental Impact
25.5.2 Impact on Human Health
25.6 Techniques - 4R Approach
25.6.1 Reduce
25.6.2 Reuse
25.6.3 Recycle
25.6.4 Restore
25.7 E-Waste in Concrete
25.8 Strength Analysis
25.8.1 Compressive Strength
25.8.2 Tensile Strength
25.8.3 Flexural Strength
25.8.4 Workability
25.8.5 Specific Gravity
25.8.6 Water Absorption
25.8.7 Modulus of Elasticity
25.9 Conclusion
References
26. Smart Trash Can
V. Sumathi and M. Subashini
26.1 Introduction
26.2 Literature Survey
26.3 The Proposed System
26.4 Hardware Design
26.4.1 Microcontroller Board
26.4.2 Bluetooth Module (HC-05)
26.4.3 Transmitter Section
26.4.4 Receiver Section
26.5 Design and Implementation of Software
26.6 Results
26.6.1 Arduino
26.6.2 Python
26.6.3 My SQL
26.6.4 Web Page
26.7 Conclusion
References
27. Voltage Fluctuation Control Analysis of Induction Motor Drives in Textile Mill Using Phasor Measurement Unit
M. Naveen Babu and P.K. Dhal
27.1 Introduction
27.2 Existing System
27.3 Proposed System
27.4 Experimental Analysis
27.5 Experimental Results
27.6 Conclusion
Appendix
References
28. Smart Cities and Buildings
S. M. Subash, R. Dhanasekaran and B. Santhosh Kumar
28.1 Introduction
28.2 Components of Smart City
28.2.1 Public Transport
28.2.2 Road Traffic Management
28.2.3 Building – Safety & Security
28.2.4 Energy and Water Management
28.2.5 Waste Management
28.3 Conclusion
References
29. Minimizing the Roundness Variation in Automobile Brake Drum by Using Taguchi Technique
R. Manivasagam and S.P. Richard
29.1 Introduction
29.1.1 Roundness
29.2 Methodology with Taguchi Technique for Minimum Roundness of Varies
29.2.1 Measurement of Out-of-Roundness
29.2.2 Orthogonal Arrays
29.2.3 Pareto ANOVA
29.3 Experimental Conditions
29.4 Control Factors and Levels
29.5 Selection of Array Size
29.6 Experimental Conditions and Calculations of S/N Ratio
29.7 Pareto Diagram for Out-of-Roundness
29.8 Response Table of Process Parameter
29.9 Conclusion
References
30. Analysis of Developments on Mechanical Properties on Aluminum Alloys: A Review
Yogesh Dubey, Pankaj Sharma and M. P. Singh
30.1 Introduction
30.2 Literature Review
30.3 Conclusion
References
31. Study of Electromagnetic Field in Induction Motor Using Ansys Maxwell
Gajendra Yadav N. and Jyoti Koujalagi
31.1 Introduction
31.2 Mathematical Modeling
31.3 Methodology
31.4 Simulation Result
31.4.1 Magneto Dynamic Analysis
31.4.2 Magneto Static Analysis
31.5 Limitations
31.6 Future Scope
31.7 Conclusion
References
32. A New Method of Sensor-Less Speed Vector Control of Asynchronous Motor Drive in Model-Reference Adaptive System
S. Venkatesh Kumar, C. Kathirvel and P. Sebastian Vindro Jude
32.1 Introduction
32.2 Adaptive Control with Reference Model System (Stationary Frame)
32.3 Modelling of Asynchronous Motor Drive in Stationary Reference Frame
32.4 Simulation Diagram
32.5 Simulation Results
32.5.1 Speed Loop with Step Disturbance isq*
32.5.2 Step Response Signal
32.5.3 Speed Reversal in Step Signal
32.5.4 Ramp Response
32.6 Conclusion
References
33. LabVIEW-Based Speed-Sensorless Field-Oriented Control of Induction Motor Drive
R. Gunabalan and R. Sridhar
33.1 Introduction
33.2 Induction Motor Model
33.3 Natural Observer
33.4 Simulation Results
33.5 Experimental Results and Discussions
33.6 Conclusions
References
34. IoT-Based Automatic Entry Check in COVID-19 Pandemic
Alla Parimala Chowdary, Tummala Vineel Chowdary, G. Suganya, S. Bharathiraja and R. Kumar
34.1 Introduction
34.1.1 Background
34.2 Related Works
34.3 Objectives
34.4 Proposed Model
34.5 Implementation
34.5.1 Platforms Used
34.5.1.1 TinkerCAD
34.5.1.2 ThingSpeak
34.5.1.3 Python
34.5.2 Implementation
34.5.2.1 Temperature Sensing Module
34.5.2.2 Hand Sanitizing Module
34.5.2.3 Social Distance Checking Module
34.5.2.4 Mask Detection Module
34.6 Results and Discussion
34.7 Conclusion and Future Work
References
35. Smart Power Strip for Household Power Outlet Control and Energy Conservation Using IoT
C. Komathi, Arun A., M. G. Umamaheswari, S. Durgadevi and K. Thirupura Sundari
35.1 Introduction
35.2 Methodology
35.2.1 Functional Block Diagram with Hardware and Software Specifications
35.2.2 Working of the Proposed Smart Power Strip
35.2.3 Algorithm
35.3 Results and Discussion
35.4 Conclusion
References
36. Review of Solar Luminescence-Based OFID for Internet of Things Application
Chanthini Baskar, Shoba S., Manikandan E. and Papanasam E.
36.1 Introduction
36.2 OWC for IoT
36.2.1 Importance of Solar Cell
36.3 Optical Frequency Identification (OFID)
36.3.1 Modulation Techniques for OFID
36.3.1.1 Photoluminescence
36.3.1.2 Double Modulation
36.3.1.3 DC-DC Boost Converter Modulator
36.4 Prototype and Setup
36.5 Conclusion
References
37. IoT-Based Substation Monitoring and Controlling
Arunima Verma, Divyank Srivastava, Nisha Mishra, Navdha Sachdeva, Saurabh Kumar Jha and Shatrunjay Verma
37.1 Introduction
37.2 Block Diagram
37.2.1 Power Supply
37.2.2 Microcontroller
37.2.3 Wi-Fi Module
37.2.4 Voltage Sensor
37.2.5 Temperature Sensor
37.2.6 Current Sensor
37.2.7 Ultrasonic Sensor
37.2.8 Buzzer
37.2.9 16*2 LCD Display
37.2.10 Relay Module
37.2.11 GSM Module
37.2.12 Potential Transformer
37.3 Connection and Working
37.4 Result and Discussion
37.4.1 Result of Voltage Sensor
37.4.2 Result of Ultrasonic Sensor
37.4.3 Result of Current Sensor
37.4.4 Result of Temperature Sensor
37.5 Result of GSM Module
37.6 Conclusion
References
38. Agricultural Advancement Using IoT
Maithili P., Mohit Kumar R., Nikil Venkatesh K. and Kavitha R.
38.1 Introduction
38.2 Proposed System
38.3 Sensor System
38.3.1 Soil Moisture Sensor
38.3.2 Humidity Sensor
38.3.3 PIR Sensor
38.3.4 LCD
38.3.5 Speaker
38.3.6 Relay
38.3.7 GSM
38.3.8 Rain Sensor
38.4 Methodology
38.4.1 Flow Chart & Algorithm
38.5 Hardware of the Proposed System
38.6 Results and Discussion
38.7 Conclusion
References
39. Smart Microgrid in Hospital Community to Enhance Public Health
P. Renugadevi and R. Maheswari
39.1 Introduction
39.2 Hospital Struggling in Poor Backup Generation
39.3 Microgrid – The Future of Smart Grid and Reduce Power Shedding in Hospitals
39.3.1 Microgrid – Meaning
39.3.2 Basic Components in Microgrid
39.3.2.1 Storage Devices: Fast Response Devices
39.3.2.2 Energy Management Systems (EMS)
39.3.3 Distributed Energy Resources
39.3.4 Microgrid Operation
39.3.4.1 Grid Connected Mode
39.3.4.2 Islanded Mode
39.4 Necessity of Microgrid in Hospital Network
39.5 Smart Grid-Digital Technology in Electric Grid
39.5.1 Elements of Smart Grid
39.5.1.1 Smart Power Meter
39.5.1.2 Smart Generation
39.5.1.3 Smart Consumption
39.6 Big Data Analytics Reduces the Challenges in Microgrid
39.7 Case Study: Hospitals Poor Backup System Failures Causing Deaths in Recent Years
39.8 Conclusion
References
40. IoT-Based Smart Waste Management System
A.R. Kalaiarasi, T. Deepa, S. Angalaeswari and D. Subbulekshmi
40.1 Introduction
40.2 Design of Smart Dustbins
40.3 Hardware Components
40.3.1 Ultrasonic Sensor
40.3.2 Ardunio Uno
40.3.3 Motor Driver L293D
40.3.4 IR Sensor
40.4 Working
40.4.1 Module 1: Garbage Level Monitoring
40.4.2 Module 2: Motion of Dustbin Towards the Container Line
40.5 Results and Discussion
40.6 Conclusion
References
41. Case Study: Smart City Prospects for Economic Growth and Policies for Land Use
Divyansh Singh, Milind Shrinivas Dangate and Nasrin I. Shaikh
41.1 Introduction
41.1.1 Methods: Study Areas
41.2 Data
41.3 Analysis
41.4 Results: Combined Model
41.4.1 Regional Models
41.4.2 Discussion: Regional-Level Policy
41.4.3 Public Land and Zoning
41.5 Conclusions
References
42. Case Study: International Policy Effectiveness and Conservation Way Towards Smart Cities
Varun Gopalakrishnan, Dhakshain Balaji V., Nasrin I. Shaikh and Milind Shrinivas Dangate
42.1 Policy Effectiveness in Conservation
42.2 Case Studies of Land Use Policy Effectiveness
42.3 Scenarios
42.3.1 Scenario 1: Greenish Growth (Increased Affluence, High Environmental Concern)
42.3.2 Scenario 2: Maximum Sprawl (Increased Affluence, Low Environmental Concern)
42.3.3 Scenario 3: Smart De-Growth (Decreased Affluence, High Environmental Concern)
42.3.4 Scenario 4: Stagnation (Decreased Affluence, Low Environmental Concern)
42.4 Scenario Interpretation
42.5 The Policy Processes
42.6 Conclusions
42.7 Epilogue
References
43. CNTFET-Based Gas Sensor with a Novel and Safe Testing Chamber Design
Anjanashree M. R., Tarusri Raja and Reena Monica P.
43.1 Introduction
43.2 Novel Gas Chamber Design
43.3 CNTFET-Based Gas Sensor
43.4 Conclusion
Acknowledgment
References
About the Editors
Index
Back to Top
Preface
21. Smart Child Tracking System
Vijayan Sumathi, Mohamed Abdullah J., Rethinam Senthil and E. Prema
21.1 Introduction
21.2 System Modeling
21.3 Hardware Design
21.4 Results and Discussion
21.5 Conclusion
References
22. Smart Vehicular Parking Systems for Open Parking Lots
Sidharth Mishra, Rohan B., D. Subbulekshmi, T. Deepa, S. Angalaeswari and Raana Cariappa Kalianda
22.1 Introduction
22.2 Description of Smart Parking System
22.3 Circuit Diagram
22.4 Block Diagram
22.5 Working Principle
22.6 Results and Inference
22.7 Conclusion
Future Scope
References
23. Two Efficient Approaches to Building a Recommendation Engine for Movies Based on Collaborative Filtering on User Ratings
Aniket Biswal and Thirumurugan Krishnasamy
23.1 Introduction
23.2 Approach 1: Model-Based Collaborative Filtering
23.2.1 Implementation of Recommender System
23.3 Approach 2: Graph-Based Collaborative Filtering
23.3.1 Reasons for Choosing a Graph-Based Approach over Memory-Based
23.3.2 Implementation of the Recommendation System
23.4 Conclusion
References
24. Design and Construction of Unbiased Digital Dice
Debdatta Bhunia, D. Subbulekshmi, S. Angalaeswari, T. Deepa, Kulkarni Swanand Nishikant, Prashashya Patel and Sradha N.
24.1 Introduction
24.2 Description
24.3 Circuit Diagram and Components
24.4 Working Principle
24.5 Conclusion
References
25. Review on Utilizing E-Waste in Concrete
P. Krithiga, P. J. Subha Shree, B. Thihalya and B. Siva Prakash
25.1 Introduction
25.2 Methodology
25.3 Composition of E-Waste
25.4 Process of Export
25.5 Impact of E-Waste on Environment and Human Health
25.5.1 Environmental Impact
25.5.2 Impact on Human Health
25.6 Techniques - 4R Approach
25.6.1 Reduce
25.6.2 Reuse
25.6.3 Recycle
25.6.4 Restore
25.7 E-Waste in Concrete
25.8 Strength Analysis
25.8.1 Compressive Strength
25.8.2 Tensile Strength
25.8.3 Flexural Strength
25.8.4 Workability
25.8.5 Specific Gravity
25.8.6 Water Absorption
25.8.7 Modulus of Elasticity
25.9 Conclusion
References
26. Smart Trash Can
V. Sumathi and M. Subashini
26.1 Introduction
26.2 Literature Survey
26.3 The Proposed System
26.4 Hardware Design
26.4.1 Microcontroller Board
26.4.2 Bluetooth Module (HC-05)
26.4.3 Transmitter Section
26.4.4 Receiver Section
26.5 Design and Implementation of Software
26.6 Results
26.6.1 Arduino
26.6.2 Python
26.6.3 My SQL
26.6.4 Web Page
26.7 Conclusion
References
27. Voltage Fluctuation Control Analysis of Induction Motor Drives in Textile Mill Using Phasor Measurement Unit
M. Naveen Babu and P.K. Dhal
27.1 Introduction
27.2 Existing System
27.3 Proposed System
27.4 Experimental Analysis
27.5 Experimental Results
27.6 Conclusion
Appendix
References
28. Smart Cities and Buildings
S. M. Subash, R. Dhanasekaran and B. Santhosh Kumar
28.1 Introduction
28.2 Components of Smart City
28.2.1 Public Transport
28.2.2 Road Traffic Management
28.2.3 Building – Safety & Security
28.2.4 Energy and Water Management
28.2.5 Waste Management
28.3 Conclusion
References
29. Minimizing the Roundness Variation in Automobile Brake Drum by Using Taguchi Technique
R. Manivasagam and S.P. Richard
29.1 Introduction
29.1.1 Roundness
29.2 Methodology with Taguchi Technique for Minimum Roundness of Varies
29.2.1 Measurement of Out-of-Roundness
29.2.2 Orthogonal Arrays
29.2.3 Pareto ANOVA
29.3 Experimental Conditions
29.4 Control Factors and Levels
29.5 Selection of Array Size
29.6 Experimental Conditions and Calculations of S/N Ratio
29.7 Pareto Diagram for Out-of-Roundness
29.8 Response Table of Process Parameter
29.9 Conclusion
References
30. Analysis of Developments on Mechanical Properties on Aluminum Alloys: A Review
Yogesh Dubey, Pankaj Sharma and M. P. Singh
30.1 Introduction
30.2 Literature Review
30.3 Conclusion
References
31. Study of Electromagnetic Field in Induction Motor Using Ansys Maxwell
Gajendra Yadav N. and Jyoti Koujalagi
31.1 Introduction
31.2 Mathematical Modeling
31.3 Methodology
31.4 Simulation Result
31.4.1 Magneto Dynamic Analysis
31.4.2 Magneto Static Analysis
31.5 Limitations
31.6 Future Scope
31.7 Conclusion
References
32. A New Method of Sensor-Less Speed Vector Control of Asynchronous Motor Drive in Model-Reference Adaptive System
S. Venkatesh Kumar, C. Kathirvel and P. Sebastian Vindro Jude
32.1 Introduction
32.2 Adaptive Control with Reference Model System (Stationary Frame)
32.3 Modelling of Asynchronous Motor Drive in Stationary Reference Frame
32.4 Simulation Diagram
32.5 Simulation Results
32.5.1 Speed Loop with Step Disturbance isq*
32.5.2 Step Response Signal
32.5.3 Speed Reversal in Step Signal
32.5.4 Ramp Response
32.6 Conclusion
References
33. LabVIEW-Based Speed-Sensorless Field-Oriented Control of Induction Motor Drive
R. Gunabalan and R. Sridhar
33.1 Introduction
33.2 Induction Motor Model
33.3 Natural Observer
33.4 Simulation Results
33.5 Experimental Results and Discussions
33.6 Conclusions
References
34. IoT-Based Automatic Entry Check in COVID-19 Pandemic
Alla Parimala Chowdary, Tummala Vineel Chowdary, G. Suganya, S. Bharathiraja and R. Kumar
34.1 Introduction
34.1.1 Background
34.2 Related Works
34.3 Objectives
34.4 Proposed Model
34.5 Implementation
34.5.1 Platforms Used
34.5.1.1 TinkerCAD
34.5.1.2 ThingSpeak
34.5.1.3 Python
34.5.2 Implementation
34.5.2.1 Temperature Sensing Module
34.5.2.2 Hand Sanitizing Module
34.5.2.3 Social Distance Checking Module
34.5.2.4 Mask Detection Module
34.6 Results and Discussion
34.7 Conclusion and Future Work
References
35. Smart Power Strip for Household Power Outlet Control and Energy Conservation Using IoT
C. Komathi, Arun A., M. G. Umamaheswari, S. Durgadevi and K. Thirupura Sundari
35.1 Introduction
35.2 Methodology
35.2.1 Functional Block Diagram with Hardware and Software Specifications
35.2.2 Working of the Proposed Smart Power Strip
35.2.3 Algorithm
35.3 Results and Discussion
35.4 Conclusion
References
36. Review of Solar Luminescence-Based OFID for Internet of Things Application
Chanthini Baskar, Shoba S., Manikandan E. and Papanasam E.
36.1 Introduction
36.2 OWC for IoT
36.2.1 Importance of Solar Cell
36.3 Optical Frequency Identification (OFID)
36.3.1 Modulation Techniques for OFID
36.3.1.1 Photoluminescence
36.3.1.2 Double Modulation
36.3.1.3 DC-DC Boost Converter Modulator
36.4 Prototype and Setup
36.5 Conclusion
References
37. IoT-Based Substation Monitoring and Controlling
Arunima Verma, Divyank Srivastava, Nisha Mishra, Navdha Sachdeva, Saurabh Kumar Jha and Shatrunjay Verma
37.1 Introduction
37.2 Block Diagram
37.2.1 Power Supply
37.2.2 Microcontroller
37.2.3 Wi-Fi Module
37.2.4 Voltage Sensor
37.2.5 Temperature Sensor
37.2.6 Current Sensor
37.2.7 Ultrasonic Sensor
37.2.8 Buzzer
37.2.9 16*2 LCD Display
37.2.10 Relay Module
37.2.11 GSM Module
37.2.12 Potential Transformer
37.3 Connection and Working
37.4 Result and Discussion
37.4.1 Result of Voltage Sensor
37.4.2 Result of Ultrasonic Sensor
37.4.3 Result of Current Sensor
37.4.4 Result of Temperature Sensor
37.5 Result of GSM Module
37.6 Conclusion
References
38. Agricultural Advancement Using IoT
Maithili P., Mohit Kumar R., Nikil Venkatesh K. and Kavitha R.
38.1 Introduction
38.2 Proposed System
38.3 Sensor System
38.3.1 Soil Moisture Sensor
38.3.2 Humidity Sensor
38.3.3 PIR Sensor
38.3.4 LCD
38.3.5 Speaker
38.3.6 Relay
38.3.7 GSM
38.3.8 Rain Sensor
38.4 Methodology
38.4.1 Flow Chart & Algorithm
38.5 Hardware of the Proposed System
38.6 Results and Discussion
38.7 Conclusion
References
39. Smart Microgrid in Hospital Community to Enhance Public Health
P. Renugadevi and R. Maheswari
39.1 Introduction
39.2 Hospital Struggling in Poor Backup Generation
39.3 Microgrid – The Future of Smart Grid and Reduce Power Shedding in Hospitals
39.3.1 Microgrid – Meaning
39.3.2 Basic Components in Microgrid
39.3.2.1 Storage Devices: Fast Response Devices
39.3.2.2 Energy Management Systems (EMS)
39.3.3 Distributed Energy Resources
39.3.4 Microgrid Operation
39.3.4.1 Grid Connected Mode
39.3.4.2 Islanded Mode
39.4 Necessity of Microgrid in Hospital Network
39.5 Smart Grid-Digital Technology in Electric Grid
39.5.1 Elements of Smart Grid
39.5.1.1 Smart Power Meter
39.5.1.2 Smart Generation
39.5.1.3 Smart Consumption
39.6 Big Data Analytics Reduces the Challenges in Microgrid
39.7 Case Study: Hospitals Poor Backup System Failures Causing Deaths in Recent Years
39.8 Conclusion
References
40. IoT-Based Smart Waste Management System
A.R. Kalaiarasi, T. Deepa, S. Angalaeswari and D. Subbulekshmi
40.1 Introduction
40.2 Design of Smart Dustbins
40.3 Hardware Components
40.3.1 Ultrasonic Sensor
40.3.2 Ardunio Uno
40.3.3 Motor Driver L293D
40.3.4 IR Sensor
40.4 Working
40.4.1 Module 1: Garbage Level Monitoring
40.4.2 Module 2: Motion of Dustbin Towards the Container Line
40.5 Results and Discussion
40.6 Conclusion
References
41. Case Study: Smart City Prospects for Economic Growth and Policies for Land Use
Divyansh Singh, Milind Shrinivas Dangate and Nasrin I. Shaikh
41.1 Introduction
41.1.1 Methods: Study Areas
41.2 Data
41.3 Analysis
41.4 Results: Combined Model
41.4.1 Regional Models
41.4.2 Discussion: Regional-Level Policy
41.4.3 Public Land and Zoning
41.5 Conclusions
References
42. Case Study: International Policy Effectiveness and Conservation Way Towards Smart Cities
Varun Gopalakrishnan, Dhakshain Balaji V., Nasrin I. Shaikh and Milind Shrinivas Dangate
42.1 Policy Effectiveness in Conservation
42.2 Case Studies of Land Use Policy Effectiveness
42.3 Scenarios
42.3.1 Scenario 1: Greenish Growth (Increased Affluence, High Environmental Concern)
42.3.2 Scenario 2: Maximum Sprawl (Increased Affluence, Low Environmental Concern)
42.3.3 Scenario 3: Smart De-Growth (Decreased Affluence, High Environmental Concern)
42.3.4 Scenario 4: Stagnation (Decreased Affluence, Low Environmental Concern)
42.4 Scenario Interpretation
42.5 The Policy Processes
42.6 Conclusions
42.7 Epilogue
References
43. CNTFET-Based Gas Sensor with a Novel and Safe Testing Chamber Design
Anjanashree M. R., Tarusri Raja and Reena Monica P.
43.1 Introduction
43.2 Novel Gas Chamber Design
43.3 CNTFET-Based Gas Sensor
43.4 Conclusion
Acknowledgment
References
About the Editors
Index
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