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Submit a ProposalProduction of Biobutanol from Biomass
 | Edited by Arindam Kuila and Mainak Mukhopadhyay
Copyright: 2024 | Status: Published ISBN: 9781394172399 | Hardcover | 373 pages Price: $195 USD  |
One Line Description
The book covers all current technologies of lignocellulosic biobutanol production, as well as the environmental and socioeconomic impact assessment.
Audience
The book will be useful for researchers in the areas of various branches of life
sciences such as environmental biotechnology, bioprocess engineering, renewable
energy, chemical engineering, nanotechnology, biotechnology, microbiology.
The book will be useful for researchers in the areas of various branches of life
sciences such as environmental biotechnology, bioprocess engineering, renewable
energy, chemical engineering, nanotechnology, biotechnology, microbiology.
Description
N-butanol is a bulk chemical that is used as an industrial solvent and as a component
in paint, coatings, and adhesives, among other things. When compared to other
biofuels, biobutanol has the advantages of being immiscible in water, having
a higher energy content, and having a lower vapor pressure. There are various
benefits to producing biobutanol from lignocellulosic biomass. However, there are
challenges in producing butanol from lignocellulosic biomass, such as biomass’s
complex structure, low butanol yield, and high cost of production, etc.
The 13 chapters comprising this book discuss the current technology and
prospects of biobutanol production. The first four chapters provide an overview
of the current technological status, while the next six chapters discuss different
strategies for enhanced biobutanol production from lignocellulosic biomass.
The last three chapters present the industrial status and techno-economic
analysis of lignocellulosic biobutanol production.
Back to Top
N-butanol is a bulk chemical that is used as an industrial solvent and as a component
in paint, coatings, and adhesives, among other things. When compared to other
biofuels, biobutanol has the advantages of being immiscible in water, having
a higher energy content, and having a lower vapor pressure. There are various
benefits to producing biobutanol from lignocellulosic biomass. However, there are
challenges in producing butanol from lignocellulosic biomass, such as biomass’s
complex structure, low butanol yield, and high cost of production, etc.
The 13 chapters comprising this book discuss the current technology and
prospects of biobutanol production. The first four chapters provide an overview
of the current technological status, while the next six chapters discuss different
strategies for enhanced biobutanol production from lignocellulosic biomass.
The last three chapters present the industrial status and techno-economic
analysis of lignocellulosic biobutanol production.
Back to Top
Author / Editor Details
Arindam Kuila is an assistant professor at the Department of Bioscience
& Biotechnology, Banasthali Vidyapith, Rajasthan, India. Previously, he
worked as a research associate at Hindustan Petroleum Green R&D Centre,
Bangalore, India. He gained his PhD from the Agricultural & Food Engineering
Department, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, India in 2013, in the
area of lignocellulosic biofuel production. He has co-authored 20+ peer-reviewed
research papers and seven review papers, edited four books and eight
book chapters, and filed five patents.
Arindam Kuila is an assistant professor at the Department of Bioscience
& Biotechnology, Banasthali Vidyapith, Rajasthan, India. Previously, he
worked as a research associate at Hindustan Petroleum Green R&D Centre,
Bangalore, India. He gained his PhD from the Agricultural & Food Engineering
Department, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, India in 2013, in the
area of lignocellulosic biofuel production. He has co-authored 20+ peer-reviewed
research papers and seven review papers, edited four books and eight
book chapters, and filed five patents.
Mainak Mukhopadhyay, PhD, is an assistant professor in the Department of Biotechnology, Swami Vivekananda University, Kolkata, West Bengal, India.
He obtained his PhD from the Indian Institute of Technology in Kharagpur, India
in 2014. His research interests include enzymology, nanobiotechnology, and
biomass conversion technology. He was awarded Petrotech Research Fellowship
in 2008. In 2016, he was awarded the Early Career Research Award from DSTSERB.
He has co-authored 15 peer-reviewed papers and three review papers, edited one book and 15 book chapters, and filed three patents.
He obtained his PhD from the Indian Institute of Technology in Kharagpur, India
in 2014. His research interests include enzymology, nanobiotechnology, and
biomass conversion technology. He was awarded Petrotech Research Fellowship
in 2008. In 2016, he was awarded the Early Career Research Award from DSTSERB.
He has co-authored 15 peer-reviewed papers and three review papers, edited one book and 15 book chapters, and filed three patents.
Back to Top
Table of Contents
Preface
1. Biobutanol: An Overview
Bidisha Saha, Debalina Bhattacharya and Mainak Mukhopadhyay
1.1 Introduction
1.2 General Aspects of Butanol Fermentation
1.2.1 Microbes That Produce Butanol, Both in Their Wild Type and After Genetic Modification
1.3 Clostridium Species That Produce ABE and Their Respective Metabolic Characteristics
1.4 Traits of the Molecularly Developed Strain and the ABE-Producing Clostridia
1.5 Substrate for ABE Fermentation in Research
1.6 Problem and Limitation of ABE Fermentation
1.7 The Development of Butanol from Designed and Modifying Biomass
1.8 Butanol Production Enhancement Using Advanced Technology
1.8.1 Batch Fermentation
1.8.2 Fed-Batch Fermentation
1.8.3 Continuous Fermentation
1.8.4 ABE Fermentation with Butanol Elimination
1.9 Utilizing Pre-Treatment and Saccharification to Produce Butanol from Lignocellulosic Biomass
1.10 Eliminating CCR to Produce Butanol
1.11 Butanol Production from Alternative Substrate to Sugar
1.12 Economics of Biobutanol
1.13 Future Prospects
1.14 Conclusion
References
2. Recent Trends in the Pre-Treatment Process of Lignocellulosic Biomass for Enhanced Biofuel Production
Nikita Bhati, Shreya and Arun Kumar Sharma
2.1 Introduction
2.2 Composition of Lignocellulosic Biomass
2.3 Insight on the Pre-Treatment of LCB
2.4 Physical Pre-Treatment Method
2.4.1 Extrusion Method
2.4.2 Milling Method
2.4.3 Ultrasound Method
2.4.4 Microwave Method
2.5 Chemical Pre-Treatment Methods
2.5.1 Alkali Method
2.5.2 Acid Method
2.5.3 Organosolv Method
2.5.4 Ionic Liquids
2.5.5 Supercritical Fluids
2.5.6 Cosolvent Enhanced Lignocellulosic Fractionation
2.5.7 Low Temperature Steep Delignification
2.5.8 Ammonia Fiber Explosion
2.5.9 Deep Eutectic Solvents
2.6 Biological Pre-Treatment Methods
2.6.1 Combined Biological Pre-Treatment
2.7 Future Prospects
2.8 Conclusion
References
3. Current Status of Enzymatic Hydrolysis of Cellulosic Biomass
Ram Bhajan Sahu, Janki Pahlwani and Priyanka Singh
3.1 Introduction
3.2 Overview on Biofuels and Its Classification
3.2.1 First-Generation Biofuels
3.2.1.1 Advantage of First-Generation Biofuel
3.2.1.2 Limitation of First-Generation Biofuel
3.2.2 Second-Generation Lignocellulosic Biofuel
3.2.2.1 Different Types of Feedstocks for Second-Generation Biofuels
3.2.2.2 Advantages
3.2.2.3 Disadvantages
3.2.3 Third-Generation Biofuels
3.2.3.1 Advantages
3.2.3.2 Disadvantages
3.2.4 Fourth-Generation Biofuels
3.3 Pre-Treatment Methodologies for Hydrolysis of Lignocellulosic Biomass
3.3.1 Overview
3.3.2 Structural Analysis for Cellulosic Hydrolysis
3.3.3 Chemical Process for Pre-Treatment of Lignocellulose
3.3.3.1 Dilute Acid Pre-Treatment Process
3.3.4 Ionic Liquid as Pre-Treatment Agent
3.3.5 Pre-Treatment Process with Alkali Agents
3.3.6 Pre-Treatment with Ultrasonic Wave
3.4 Conclusion
References
4. Present Status and Future Prospect of Butanol Fermentation
Rashmi Mishra, Aakansha Raj and Satyajit Saurabh
4.1 Introduction
4.2 Biobutanol Production
4.2.1 Microbes and Biobutanol Production
4.2.2 Substrate for Biobutanol Production
4.2.3 ABE Fermentation Process
4.2.4 Recovery of Biobutanol from Fermentation Broth
4.3 Perspectives
4.3.1 Substrate
4.3.2 Alleviate Carbon Catabolite Repression
4.3.3 Fermentation Improvement
4.3.4 Strain Development
4.3.5 Butanol Recovery
4.4 Conclusion
References
5. Strategies of Strain Improvement for Butanol Fermentation
Shreya, Nikita Bhati and Arun Kumar Sharma
5.1 Introduction
5.2 Background
5.3 Microorganism
5.4 ABE Fermentation
5.4.1 The Obstacle in ABE Fermentation from Clostridium sp.
5.5 Selection of Biomass for the Production of Butanol
5.6 Processes Improvement
5.7 Strain Improvement
5.7.1 Mutagenesis
5.7.1.1 Spontaneous Mutations
5.7.1.2 Induced Mutation
5.7.2 Strain Improvement Through Genetic Engineering
5.7.2.1 Recombinant DNA Technology
5.7.3 Genetic Engineering in Clostridial sp. for Improved Butanol Tolerance and Its Production
5.8 Production of Butanol From Bioethanol Through Chemical Processes
5.9 Advances in Genetically Engineered Microbes can Produce Biobutanol
5.10 Economics of Biobutanol Fermentation
5.11 Applications of Butanol
5.12 Butanol Advantages
5.13 Conclusion
References
6. Process Integration and Intensification of Biobutanol Production
Moumita Bishai
6.1 Introduction
6.2 Biobutanol
6.3 Biobutanol Production and Recovery
6.4 Process Intensification
6.4.1 PI Using Bioreactors
6.4.2 PI Using Membranes
6.4.3 PI Using Distillation
6.4.4 PI Using Liquid–Liquid Extraction
6.4.5 PI Using Adsorption
6.5 Process Integration
6.6 Conclusion
References
7. Bioprocess Development and Bioreactor Designs for Biobutanol Production
Vitor Paschoal Guanaes de Campos, Johnatt Oliveira, Eduardo Dellossso Penteado, Anthony Andrey Ramalho Diniz, Andrea Komesu and Yasmin Coelho Pio
7.1 Introduction
7.2 Steps in Biobutanol Production
7.3 Feedstock Selection
7.4 Microbial Strain Selection
7.5 Solvent Toxicity
7.6 Fermentation Technologies
7.7 Butanol Separation Techniques
7.8 Current Status and Economics
7.9 Concluding Remarks
References
8. Advances in Microbial Metabolic Engineering for Increased Biobutanol Production
Mansi Sharma, Pragati Chauhan, Rekha Sharma and Dinesh Kumar
8.1 Introduction
8.2 Metabolic Engineering
8.2.1 n-Butanol
8.2.2 Isobutanol
8.3 Microorganisms for Butanol Production
8.3.1 The Clostridium Species
8.3.2 Escherichia coli Species
8.3.3 Other Bacteria
8.3.4 Biochemistry and Physiology
8.4 Metabolic Engineering of Clostridia
8.4.1 Genetic Tools for Clostridial Metabolic Engineering
8.4.2 Optimum Selectivity Techniques for Butanol Production
8.5 Metabolic Engineering of Escherichia coli
8.6 Microbial Strain
8.7 Butanol Tolerance Improvement Through Genetic Engineering
8.8 Economic Viability
8.9 Problems and Limitations of ABE Fermentation
8.10 Future Outlook
8.11 Conclusion
Acknowledgment
References
9. Advanced CRISPR/Cas-Based Genome Editing Tools for Biobutanol Production
Narendra Kumar Sharma, Mansi Srivastava and Yogesh Srivastava
9.1 Introduction
9.2 Microorganisms as the Primary Producer of Biobutanol
9.3 Acetone–Butanol–Ethanol Producing Clostridia and Its Limitations
9.4 CRISPR–Cas System for Genome Editing
9.4.1 CRISPR–Cas Mediated Strategies for Genome Editing for Biobutanol Production in Microorganisms
9.4.1.1 Inhibition of Contentious Pathways
9.4.1.2 Redirection of the Flux of Metabolic Pathways for Better Solvent Production
9.4.1.3 Enhancement of Substrate Uptake
9.4.2 Improvement of the Biofuel Production
9.4.2.1 Off Targets in CRISPR–Cas System
9.4.2.2 Using sgRNA Design to Reduce Off Target Effects
9.4.2.3 Cas9 Modifications to Reduce Off-Target Effects
9.4.3 Efficient and Modified Biomass “Designed” for Biobutanol Production
9.5 Conclusion
References
10. Role of Nanotechnology in Biomass-Based Biobutanol Production
Pragati Chauhan, Mansi Sharma, Rekha Sharma and Dinesh Kumar
10.1 Introduction
10.2 Nanoparticles for Producing of Biofuel
10.2.1 Magnetic Nanoparticles
10.2.2 Carbon Nanotubes
10.2.3 Graphene and Graphene-Derived Nanomaterial for Biofuel
10.2.4 Other Nanoparticles Applied in Heterogeneous Catalysis for Biofuel Production
10.3 Factors Affecting the Performance of Nanoparticles in Biofuel’s Manufacturing
10.3.1 Synthesis Temperature
10.3.2 Synthesis Pressure
10.3.3 Synthesis pH
10.3.4 Size of Nanoparticles
10.4 Role of Nanomaterials in the Synthesis of Biofuels
10.5 Utilization of Nanomaterials in Biofuel Production
10.5.1 Production of Biodiesel Using Nanocatalysts
10.5.2 Application of Nanomaterials for the Pre-Treatment of Lignocellulosic Biomass
10.5.3 Application of Nanomaterials in Synthesis of Cellulase and Stability
10.5.4 Application of Nanomaterials in the Hydrolysis of Lignocellulosic Biomass
10.5.5 Use of Nanotechnology in Bioethanol Production
10.5.6 Upgradation of Biofuel by Using Nanotechnology
10.5.7 Nanoparticle Use in Biorefineries
10.6 Nanotechnology in Bioethanol/Biobutanol Production
10.7 Future Perspective
10.8 Conclusion
Acknowledgment
References
11. Commercial Status and Future Scope of Biobutanol Production from Biomass
Arunima Biswas
11.1 Introduction
11.2 Biobutanol—Its Brief Background Story
11.3 Commercial Aspect of Biobutanol Production from Biomass: Strength Analysis
11.4 Commercial Aspect of Biobutanol Production from Biomass: Weakness Analysis
11.5 Commercial Aspect of Biobutanol Production from Biomass: Opportunities and Challenges
11.6 Discussion: Evaluating the Future Prospects of Biobutanol
Acknowledgment
References
12. Current Status and Challenges of Biobutanol Production from Biomass
Ram Bhajan Sahu and Priyanka Singh
12.1 Introduction
12.2 Overview of Biofuel
12.2.1 History for Biofuel
12.3 Classification of Bioethanol
12.3.1 First-Generation of Ethanol
12.3.2 Second-Generation Bioethanol
12.3.3 Third-Generation Bioethanol
12.3.4 Fourth-Generation Bioethanol
12.4 Production of Biobutanol
12.4.1 Pre-Treatment Stages
12.4.2 Enzymatic Hydrolysis Stage
12.4.3 Fermentation Stage
12.4.4 Separation Stage
12.4.5 Production of Butanol from Genetically Improved Strains
12.5 Conclusion
References
13. Biobutanol: A Promising Liquid Biofuel
Aakansha Raj, Tasnim Arfi and Satyajit Saurabh
13.1 Introduction
13.1.1 First-Generation Biofuels
13.1.2 Second-Generation Biofuels
13.1.3 Third-Generation Biofuels
13.1.4 Fourth-Generation Biofuels
13.2 Biobutanol
13.3 Biorefinery and Biobutanol Production
13.3.1 Substrates and Their Pre-Treatment for Biobutanol Production
13.3.1.1 Substrate
13.3.1.2 Pre-Treatment of Substrates
13.3.2 Microorganisms
13.3.3 Acetone–Butanol–Ethanol Fermentation
13.4 Commercial Importance of Biobutanol
13.5 Conclusion
Abbreviations
References
Index
Back to Top
Preface
1. Biobutanol: An Overview
Bidisha Saha, Debalina Bhattacharya and Mainak Mukhopadhyay
1.1 Introduction
1.2 General Aspects of Butanol Fermentation
1.2.1 Microbes That Produce Butanol, Both in Their Wild Type and After Genetic Modification
1.3 Clostridium Species That Produce ABE and Their Respective Metabolic Characteristics
1.4 Traits of the Molecularly Developed Strain and the ABE-Producing Clostridia
1.5 Substrate for ABE Fermentation in Research
1.6 Problem and Limitation of ABE Fermentation
1.7 The Development of Butanol from Designed and Modifying Biomass
1.8 Butanol Production Enhancement Using Advanced Technology
1.8.1 Batch Fermentation
1.8.2 Fed-Batch Fermentation
1.8.3 Continuous Fermentation
1.8.4 ABE Fermentation with Butanol Elimination
1.9 Utilizing Pre-Treatment and Saccharification to Produce Butanol from Lignocellulosic Biomass
1.10 Eliminating CCR to Produce Butanol
1.11 Butanol Production from Alternative Substrate to Sugar
1.12 Economics of Biobutanol
1.13 Future Prospects
1.14 Conclusion
References
2. Recent Trends in the Pre-Treatment Process of Lignocellulosic Biomass for Enhanced Biofuel Production
Nikita Bhati, Shreya and Arun Kumar Sharma
2.1 Introduction
2.2 Composition of Lignocellulosic Biomass
2.3 Insight on the Pre-Treatment of LCB
2.4 Physical Pre-Treatment Method
2.4.1 Extrusion Method
2.4.2 Milling Method
2.4.3 Ultrasound Method
2.4.4 Microwave Method
2.5 Chemical Pre-Treatment Methods
2.5.1 Alkali Method
2.5.2 Acid Method
2.5.3 Organosolv Method
2.5.4 Ionic Liquids
2.5.5 Supercritical Fluids
2.5.6 Cosolvent Enhanced Lignocellulosic Fractionation
2.5.7 Low Temperature Steep Delignification
2.5.8 Ammonia Fiber Explosion
2.5.9 Deep Eutectic Solvents
2.6 Biological Pre-Treatment Methods
2.6.1 Combined Biological Pre-Treatment
2.7 Future Prospects
2.8 Conclusion
References
3. Current Status of Enzymatic Hydrolysis of Cellulosic Biomass
Ram Bhajan Sahu, Janki Pahlwani and Priyanka Singh
3.1 Introduction
3.2 Overview on Biofuels and Its Classification
3.2.1 First-Generation Biofuels
3.2.1.1 Advantage of First-Generation Biofuel
3.2.1.2 Limitation of First-Generation Biofuel
3.2.2 Second-Generation Lignocellulosic Biofuel
3.2.2.1 Different Types of Feedstocks for Second-Generation Biofuels
3.2.2.2 Advantages
3.2.2.3 Disadvantages
3.2.3 Third-Generation Biofuels
3.2.3.1 Advantages
3.2.3.2 Disadvantages
3.2.4 Fourth-Generation Biofuels
3.3 Pre-Treatment Methodologies for Hydrolysis of Lignocellulosic Biomass
3.3.1 Overview
3.3.2 Structural Analysis for Cellulosic Hydrolysis
3.3.3 Chemical Process for Pre-Treatment of Lignocellulose
3.3.3.1 Dilute Acid Pre-Treatment Process
3.3.4 Ionic Liquid as Pre-Treatment Agent
3.3.5 Pre-Treatment Process with Alkali Agents
3.3.6 Pre-Treatment with Ultrasonic Wave
3.4 Conclusion
References
4. Present Status and Future Prospect of Butanol Fermentation
Rashmi Mishra, Aakansha Raj and Satyajit Saurabh
4.1 Introduction
4.2 Biobutanol Production
4.2.1 Microbes and Biobutanol Production
4.2.2 Substrate for Biobutanol Production
4.2.3 ABE Fermentation Process
4.2.4 Recovery of Biobutanol from Fermentation Broth
4.3 Perspectives
4.3.1 Substrate
4.3.2 Alleviate Carbon Catabolite Repression
4.3.3 Fermentation Improvement
4.3.4 Strain Development
4.3.5 Butanol Recovery
4.4 Conclusion
References
5. Strategies of Strain Improvement for Butanol Fermentation
Shreya, Nikita Bhati and Arun Kumar Sharma
5.1 Introduction
5.2 Background
5.3 Microorganism
5.4 ABE Fermentation
5.4.1 The Obstacle in ABE Fermentation from Clostridium sp.
5.5 Selection of Biomass for the Production of Butanol
5.6 Processes Improvement
5.7 Strain Improvement
5.7.1 Mutagenesis
5.7.1.1 Spontaneous Mutations
5.7.1.2 Induced Mutation
5.7.2 Strain Improvement Through Genetic Engineering
5.7.2.1 Recombinant DNA Technology
5.7.3 Genetic Engineering in Clostridial sp. for Improved Butanol Tolerance and Its Production
5.8 Production of Butanol From Bioethanol Through Chemical Processes
5.9 Advances in Genetically Engineered Microbes can Produce Biobutanol
5.10 Economics of Biobutanol Fermentation
5.11 Applications of Butanol
5.12 Butanol Advantages
5.13 Conclusion
References
6. Process Integration and Intensification of Biobutanol Production
Moumita Bishai
6.1 Introduction
6.2 Biobutanol
6.3 Biobutanol Production and Recovery
6.4 Process Intensification
6.4.1 PI Using Bioreactors
6.4.2 PI Using Membranes
6.4.3 PI Using Distillation
6.4.4 PI Using Liquid–Liquid Extraction
6.4.5 PI Using Adsorption
6.5 Process Integration
6.6 Conclusion
References
7. Bioprocess Development and Bioreactor Designs for Biobutanol Production
Vitor Paschoal Guanaes de Campos, Johnatt Oliveira, Eduardo Dellossso Penteado, Anthony Andrey Ramalho Diniz, Andrea Komesu and Yasmin Coelho Pio
7.1 Introduction
7.2 Steps in Biobutanol Production
7.3 Feedstock Selection
7.4 Microbial Strain Selection
7.5 Solvent Toxicity
7.6 Fermentation Technologies
7.7 Butanol Separation Techniques
7.8 Current Status and Economics
7.9 Concluding Remarks
References
8. Advances in Microbial Metabolic Engineering for Increased Biobutanol Production
Mansi Sharma, Pragati Chauhan, Rekha Sharma and Dinesh Kumar
8.1 Introduction
8.2 Metabolic Engineering
8.2.1 n-Butanol
8.2.2 Isobutanol
8.3 Microorganisms for Butanol Production
8.3.1 The Clostridium Species
8.3.2 Escherichia coli Species
8.3.3 Other Bacteria
8.3.4 Biochemistry and Physiology
8.4 Metabolic Engineering of Clostridia
8.4.1 Genetic Tools for Clostridial Metabolic Engineering
8.4.2 Optimum Selectivity Techniques for Butanol Production
8.5 Metabolic Engineering of Escherichia coli
8.6 Microbial Strain
8.7 Butanol Tolerance Improvement Through Genetic Engineering
8.8 Economic Viability
8.9 Problems and Limitations of ABE Fermentation
8.10 Future Outlook
8.11 Conclusion
Acknowledgment
References
9. Advanced CRISPR/Cas-Based Genome Editing Tools for Biobutanol Production
Narendra Kumar Sharma, Mansi Srivastava and Yogesh Srivastava
9.1 Introduction
9.2 Microorganisms as the Primary Producer of Biobutanol
9.3 Acetone–Butanol–Ethanol Producing Clostridia and Its Limitations
9.4 CRISPR–Cas System for Genome Editing
9.4.1 CRISPR–Cas Mediated Strategies for Genome Editing for Biobutanol Production in Microorganisms
9.4.1.1 Inhibition of Contentious Pathways
9.4.1.2 Redirection of the Flux of Metabolic Pathways for Better Solvent Production
9.4.1.3 Enhancement of Substrate Uptake
9.4.2 Improvement of the Biofuel Production
9.4.2.1 Off Targets in CRISPR–Cas System
9.4.2.2 Using sgRNA Design to Reduce Off Target Effects
9.4.2.3 Cas9 Modifications to Reduce Off-Target Effects
9.4.3 Efficient and Modified Biomass “Designed” for Biobutanol Production
9.5 Conclusion
References
10. Role of Nanotechnology in Biomass-Based Biobutanol Production
Pragati Chauhan, Mansi Sharma, Rekha Sharma and Dinesh Kumar
10.1 Introduction
10.2 Nanoparticles for Producing of Biofuel
10.2.1 Magnetic Nanoparticles
10.2.2 Carbon Nanotubes
10.2.3 Graphene and Graphene-Derived Nanomaterial for Biofuel
10.2.4 Other Nanoparticles Applied in Heterogeneous Catalysis for Biofuel Production
10.3 Factors Affecting the Performance of Nanoparticles in Biofuel’s Manufacturing
10.3.1 Synthesis Temperature
10.3.2 Synthesis Pressure
10.3.3 Synthesis pH
10.3.4 Size of Nanoparticles
10.4 Role of Nanomaterials in the Synthesis of Biofuels
10.5 Utilization of Nanomaterials in Biofuel Production
10.5.1 Production of Biodiesel Using Nanocatalysts
10.5.2 Application of Nanomaterials for the Pre-Treatment of Lignocellulosic Biomass
10.5.3 Application of Nanomaterials in Synthesis of Cellulase and Stability
10.5.4 Application of Nanomaterials in the Hydrolysis of Lignocellulosic Biomass
10.5.5 Use of Nanotechnology in Bioethanol Production
10.5.6 Upgradation of Biofuel by Using Nanotechnology
10.5.7 Nanoparticle Use in Biorefineries
10.6 Nanotechnology in Bioethanol/Biobutanol Production
10.7 Future Perspective
10.8 Conclusion
Acknowledgment
References
11. Commercial Status and Future Scope of Biobutanol Production from Biomass
Arunima Biswas
11.1 Introduction
11.2 Biobutanol—Its Brief Background Story
11.3 Commercial Aspect of Biobutanol Production from Biomass: Strength Analysis
11.4 Commercial Aspect of Biobutanol Production from Biomass: Weakness Analysis
11.5 Commercial Aspect of Biobutanol Production from Biomass: Opportunities and Challenges
11.6 Discussion: Evaluating the Future Prospects of Biobutanol
Acknowledgment
References
12. Current Status and Challenges of Biobutanol Production from Biomass
Ram Bhajan Sahu and Priyanka Singh
12.1 Introduction
12.2 Overview of Biofuel
12.2.1 History for Biofuel
12.3 Classification of Bioethanol
12.3.1 First-Generation of Ethanol
12.3.2 Second-Generation Bioethanol
12.3.3 Third-Generation Bioethanol
12.3.4 Fourth-Generation Bioethanol
12.4 Production of Biobutanol
12.4.1 Pre-Treatment Stages
12.4.2 Enzymatic Hydrolysis Stage
12.4.3 Fermentation Stage
12.4.4 Separation Stage
12.4.5 Production of Butanol from Genetically Improved Strains
12.5 Conclusion
References
13. Biobutanol: A Promising Liquid Biofuel
Aakansha Raj, Tasnim Arfi and Satyajit Saurabh
13.1 Introduction
13.1.1 First-Generation Biofuels
13.1.2 Second-Generation Biofuels
13.1.3 Third-Generation Biofuels
13.1.4 Fourth-Generation Biofuels
13.2 Biobutanol
13.3 Biorefinery and Biobutanol Production
13.3.1 Substrates and Their Pre-Treatment for Biobutanol Production
13.3.1.1 Substrate
13.3.1.2 Pre-Treatment of Substrates
13.3.2 Microorganisms
13.3.3 Acetone–Butanol–Ethanol Fermentation
13.4 Commercial Importance of Biobutanol
13.5 Conclusion
Abbreviations
References
Index
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