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Submit a ProposalHandbook of Agricultural Biotechnology
 | Volume II Nanobioherbicides Edited by Charles Oluwaseun Adetunji, Julius Kola Oloke Copyright: 2024 | Status: Published ISBN: 9781119836155 | Hardcover | 388 pages Price: $225 USD  |
One Line Description
The book provides a detailed examination of the application of nanobioherbicides that come from plants including information on the different metabolites derived from numerous plants that could become bioherbicides.
Audience
The book is a useful resource for a diverse audience, including industrialists, food industry professionals, agriculturists, agricultural microbiologists, plant pathologists, botanists, microbiologists, biotechnologists, nanotechnologists, microbial biotechnologists, farmers, policymakers, and extension workers.
The book is a useful resource for a diverse audience, including industrialists, food industry professionals, agriculturists, agricultural microbiologists, plant pathologists, botanists, microbiologists, biotechnologists, nanotechnologists, microbial biotechnologists, farmers, policymakers, and extension workers.
Description
The book gives attention to weed-plant physiology and chronicles the activities of nanobioherbicides on weeds during preliminary bioassays, pot assays, in-house screenings, and during field trials. Furthermore, deep data is provided on the commercial potential of these nanobioherbicides derived from plants, while toxicity assays are also highlighted.
Other topics covered include: documented patents on nanobioherbicides; the process involved in the registration of these novel products as nanobioherbicides for both conventional and organic farming; relevant information on the application of molecular techniques for improvement of nanobioherbicides, such as genomics, proteomics, informatics, bioinformatics, and chemoinformatics; details about the non-target effect of the nanobioherbicides. Highlighted, too, is information on the biochemical, enzymatic, and ultrastructural effects of these nanobioherbicides, as well as detailed information on the nutritional qualities of agricultural crops after nanobioherbicidal application.
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The book gives attention to weed-plant physiology and chronicles the activities of nanobioherbicides on weeds during preliminary bioassays, pot assays, in-house screenings, and during field trials. Furthermore, deep data is provided on the commercial potential of these nanobioherbicides derived from plants, while toxicity assays are also highlighted.
Other topics covered include: documented patents on nanobioherbicides; the process involved in the registration of these novel products as nanobioherbicides for both conventional and organic farming; relevant information on the application of molecular techniques for improvement of nanobioherbicides, such as genomics, proteomics, informatics, bioinformatics, and chemoinformatics; details about the non-target effect of the nanobioherbicides. Highlighted, too, is information on the biochemical, enzymatic, and ultrastructural effects of these nanobioherbicides, as well as detailed information on the nutritional qualities of agricultural crops after nanobioherbicidal application.
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Author / Editor Details
Charles Oluwaseun Adetunji, PhD, is a professor in the Department of Microbiology at the Edo University Iyamho, in Edo State, Nigeria. Currently, he is the Director of Intellectual Properties and Technology Transfer and Chairman of the Committee on Research Grants at EUI. He has won several scientific awards and grants from renowned academic bodies such as the Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR) India. He has published more than 600 papers in peer-reviewed national and international journals as well as more than 50 books, 340 book chapters, and many scientific patents.
Charles Oluwaseun Adetunji, PhD, is a professor in the Department of Microbiology at the Edo University Iyamho, in Edo State, Nigeria. Currently, he is the Director of Intellectual Properties and Technology Transfer and Chairman of the Committee on Research Grants at EUI. He has won several scientific awards and grants from renowned academic bodies such as the Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR) India. He has published more than 600 papers in peer-reviewed national and international journals as well as more than 50 books, 340 book chapters, and many scientific patents.
Julius Kola Oloke, PhD, is a Professor and Vice Chancellor in the Department of Pure and Applied Biology at the Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomoso, Oyo State, Nigeria. He has a PhD in microbiology from Obafemi Awolowo University in 1989. Professor Oloke was conferred with the National Productivity Order of Merit Award by the Federal Government of Nigeria in August 2012, for his work on formulating an immune modulating agent known as Trinity Immuno-booster (Trino IB) which has been used in many countries.
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Table of Contents
Preface
1. Nanotechnology: History, Trends and Modern Applications
Charles Oluwaseun Adetunji, Olalekan Akinbo, John Tsado Mathew, Chukwuebuka Egbuna, Abel Inobeme, Olotu Titilayo, Olulope Olufemi Ajayi, Wadazani Dauda,
Shakira Ghazanfar, Frank Abimbola Ogundolie, Julinan Bunmi Adetunji, Babatunde Oluwafemi Adetuyi, Shakirat Oloruntoyin Ajenifujah-Solebo and Abdullahi Tunde Aborode
1.1 Introduction
1.2 History of Nanotechnology
1.3 Recent Trend of Nanotechnology
1.4 Application of Nanotechnology Across Industry
1.5 Role of Nanotechnology in the Environment
1.6 Role of Nanotechnology in Remediation of Polluted Soil
1.7 Conclusion
References
2. Mitigating Action of Nanobioherbicides from Natural Products on Agricultural Produce
Ojo, S.K.S., Otugboyega, J.O., Ayo, I.O., Ojo, A.M. and Oluwole, B.R.
2.1 Introduction
2.2 Bioherbicides/Bioherbicide Formulations
2.3 Bioherbicides Sourced From Plants
2.3.1 Bioherbicides Developed From Plant Extracts
2.3.2 Bioherbicides Generated From Allelochemicals
2.4 Bioherbicides Sourced From Natural By-Products
2.5 Overview of the Benefits of Bioherbicides
2.6 Bioherbicides, Sources, and Effects on Target Weeds
2.6.1 Bioherbicides From Bacteria
2.6.2 Bioherbicides From Fungi
2.6.3 Bioherbicides From Lichens
2.6.4 Bioherbicides From Plants
2.6.5 Bioherbicide From Virus
2.7 Description of Nanoherbicides and Nanotechnology
2.8 Polymeric Nanoparticles
2.8.1 Nanoparticles From Inorganic Sources
2.8.2 Agricultural Wastes as Sources of Nanoparticles
2.8.3 Nanoparticles as Pest Killers
2.8.4 Nanobiopesticides
2.9 Application of Nanoparticles as Nanocarriers
2.10 Mode of Action of Nanobioherbicides
2.11 Nanobioherbicides and Their Mechanisms of Action
2.12 Conclusion
References
3. Beneficial and Natural Metabolites Derived From Plants
Saheed Ibrahim Musa, Josiah Eseoghene Ifie, Francis Aibuedefe Igiebor, Praisel Nnekauso Dike, Mimololuwa Adejumo, Daniel Igbinigun, Bartholomew Usunobun and Beckley Ikhajiagbe
3.1 Introduction
3.2 Types of Plant Metabolites
3.2.1 Primary Metabolites
3.2.2 Secondary Metabolites
3.2.2.1 Types of Plant Secondary Metabolites
3.2.2.2 Properties of Plants Secondary Metabolites
3.3 Relevance/Uses of Secondary Metabolites
3.4 Conclusion
Acknowledgments
References
4. Nanobioherbicides and Nutrient Uptakes
Kehinde Abraham Odelade, Babatunde Oluwafemi Adetuyi, Jacob Oluwadamilare Ibrahim, Victor Kayode Adeoye, Grace Gift Adewale, Oluwakemi Semiloore Omowumi and Charles Oluwaseun Adetunji
4.1 Introduction
4.2 Bioherbicides
4.3 Various Assumptions to Bioherbicides Approaches
4.3.1 Exceptionally Harmful Microorganisms Will Control Weed
4.3.1.1 Vegetation Tolerance and Vegetation Resistance
4.3.1.2 Appropriate Objective Unwanted Plants and Farming Framework
4.3.2 Application of Increased Inoculum Size Can Expand the Effect of Vegetation Pathogenic Microorganisms
4.3.3 The Efficiency and Dependability of Bioherbicides is Upgraded through Synthesized Solutions, and This Impact is Basically the Outcome of Delayed Spore Dehydration on the Outer Layer of Leaves
4.3.4 Host-Specific Vegetation Pathogenic Microbes May Be Chosen for Improvement as Bioherbicides Due to the Fact that Nonspecific Microbes Will
Introduce Dangers of Nontarget Vegetation Injury
4.4 Different Opportunities to the Bioherbicide Methodology
4.5 Examination of Bioherbicides With a Wide Range of Host
4.6 The Improvement of Bioherbicide
4.6.1 Nutritional/Cultural Enhancement
4.6.2 Hereditary Improvement
4.6.3 Dangers of Genetic Enhancement and How to Avoid Them
4.7 Roles of Various Microbial Products With Herbicidal Properties
4.8 The Capability of Nanotechnology in the Improvement of Bioherbicides
4.8.1 Different Bioherbicides Appropriate for Nanotechnology Techniques
4.8.2 Methodologies of Nanoformulation for Various Bioherbicides
4.9 Roles of Phytotoxic Nanoparticles in Bioherbicides Enhancement
4.10 Conclusion
References
5. Nanobioherbicide and Photosynthetic Pigment Synthesis
Gloria Omorowa Omoregie, Francis Aibuedefe Igiebor, Barka Peter Mshelmbula, Saheed Ibrahim Musa, Precious Osagie, Moteniola Adebiyi, Cynthia Etinosa Igbinosun and Beckley Ikhajiagbe
5.1 Introduction
5.2 Herbicides
5.3 Categories of Herbicides
5.3.1 Based on Selectivity
5.3.2 Based on Mode of Action
5.3.3 Based on Residual Action in Soil
5.3.4 Based on Time of Application
5.4 Classes of Herbicides
5.4.1 Physical
5.4.2 Chemical
5.4.3 Biological
5.4.4 Nanoparticles
5.5 Nanobiotechnology
5.6 Photosynthesis
5.7 Photosynthetic Pigments
5.8 Chloroplasts
5.8.1 Pathway for Synthesis of Chlorophyll
5.8.2 Areas Affected by Nanotechnology in Agriculture
5.8.3 Effect of Herbicides on Synthesis of Chlorophyll
5.9 Nanoherbicide and Agriculture
5.9.1 Uses of Bioherbicides
5.9.2 Current Status of Nanobioherbicide
5.10 Future of Nanotechnology
5.11 Nanoparticle–Plant Interaction
5.12 Conclusion
Acknowledgments
References
6. Nanobioherbicides and Plant Growth Hormone Synthesis and Stress-Mediated Hormones
Franics Aibuedefe Igiebor, Edokpolor Osazee Ohanmu, Gloria Omorowa Omoregie, Ojo Otokiti Jennifer, Musa, S.I., Denzel Ejale, Nathaniel Okojie, Richard Afe, Stanley Ivbobie and Beckley Ikhajiagbe
6.1 Introduction
6.2 History of Nanotechnology
6.3 Types of Nanoparticles
6.3.1 Carbon-Based NPs
6.3.2 Ceramic NPs
6.3.3 Metal NPs
6.3.4 Semiconductor NPs
6.3.5 Polymer NPs
6.3.6 Lipid-Based NPs
6.4 Application of Nanotechnology
6.5 Nanobioherbicides
6.5.1 Polymeric NPs
6.5.2 Inorganic NPs
6.6 Agroindustrial Waste-Based Nanoparticles
6.7 Bioherbicides
6.7.1 Synthesis
6.7.2 Uses
6.7.3 Benefits of Bioherbicides Over Herbicides
6.7.4 Mechanism of Bioherbicides in Weed Growth Inhibition
6.7.4.1 Physiological Mechanism
6.7.4.2 Morphological Mechanism
6.8 Impact of Nanoherbicides on Plant Growth Hormones
6.8.1 Plant Growth Herbicides
6.8.2 Pigment Inhibitors/Bleaching Herbicides
6.8.3 Photosynthetic Inhibitors
6.8.4 Amino Acid Synthesis Inhibitor
6.9 Plant Growth Hormones
6.10 Synthesis of Plant Growth Hormones
6.11 Types of Plant Growth Hormones
6.11.1 Auxin
6.11.2 Gibberellins
6.11.3 Cytokinins
6.11.4 Abscisic Acid
6.11.5 Ethylene
6.12 Conclusion
Acknowledgments
References
7. Relevance of Nanobiofungicides in the Prevention of Abiotic Stress
Gloria Omorowa Omoregie, Edokpolor Osazee Ohanmu, Francis Aibuedefe Igiebor, Yvonne Dike, Chima James Rufus, Esther Eniola, Saheed Ibrahim Musa, Emmanuel Ochoche Shaibu and Beckley Ikhajiagbe
7.1 Introduction
7.1.1 Biotic Stress
7.1.2 Abiotic Stress
7.1.2.1 Salinity
7.1.2.2 Drought
7.1.2.3 Temperature
7.1.2.4 High Temperature or Heat Stress
7.1.2.5 Flooding
7.2 Environment Stress and Fungal Effects
7.3 Fungicides
7.3.1 Fungicides are Classified According to:
7.3.1.1 Mobile vs. Contact Mobility in the Plant (Types of Systemics)
7.3.2 Chemo Fungicides
7.3.2.1 Production of Sterols, Lipids, and Extra Membrane Mechanism
7.3.2.2 Agrochemicals’ Modes of Action Against Plant Pathogenic Organisms
7.3.3 Fungi
7.3.3.1 Zygomycetes
7.3.3.2 Ascomycetes
7.3.3.3 Basidiomycetes
7.3.3.4 Deuteromycetes
7.3.4 Fungicides
7.4 Biofungicides
7.4.1 Background
7.4.2 Types of Biofungicides
7.4.2.1 There are Two Categories of Biofungicides Based on their Composition
7.4.2.2 Biofungicides are Classified into Two Categories Based on their Application
7.4.3 Examples of Biofungicides
7.4.4 Production of Biofungicides
7.4.5 Evaluation of Biofungicides
7.4.6 Mechanism of Biofungicides
7.4.7 Application of Fungicides
7.4.8 Advantages and Disadvantages of Biofungicides
7.4.8.1 Advantages
7.4.8.2 Disadvantages
7.5 Limiting Factors in the Use of Microbial Biofungicides
7.6 Challenges in the Use of Biofungicides
7.7 Nanoparticles as Applied to Biofungicides
7.7.1 Formation of Nanoparticles
7.7.1.1 Top-Down/Mechanical–Physical Manufacturing Procedures
7.7.1.2 Bottom-Up/Chemo-Physical Processes of Production
7.7.2 Nanoparticles of Various Types
7.7.2.1 Types of Nanoparticles
7.7.3 Nanoparticle Applications
7.7.3.1 Medication/Medicine
7.7.3.2 Production of Food
7.7.3.3 Improving the Quality of Water
7.7.3.4 Textiles and Fabrics
7.7.3.5 Electronics and Devices
7.7.4 Nanoparticles in Biofungicides
7.7.5 Nanobiofungicides: Are They the Fungicides of the Future?
7.8 Conclusion
Acknowledgments
References
8. The Influence of Nanobioherbicides on the Social Economy and Its Bioeconomy Perspectives in Attaining Sustainable Development Goals
Abere Benjamin Olusola and Charles Oluwaseun Adetunji
8.1 Introduction
8.2 Literature Review
8.3 The Role of Nanobioherbicides in the Creation of Sustainable Development Goals
8.4 Conclusion
References
9. Nutritional Qualities of Agricultural Crops After Application of Nanobioherbicides
John Tsado Mathew, Charles Oluwaseun Adetunji, Abel Inobeme, Musah Monday, Yakubu Azeh, Abdulfatai Aideye Otori and Amos Mamman
9.1 Introduction
9.2 Significant Importance of Nanobioherbicides on Nutritional Qualities of Agricultural Crops
9.3 Effects of Nanobioherbicides on Nutritional Qualities of Agricultural Crops
9.4 Prospect of Nanobioherbicides on Nutritional Qualities of Agricultural Crops
9.5 Recent Reports on Nanobioherbicides on Nutritional Qualities of Agricultural Crops
9.6 Conclusion
References
10. Application of Plant-Based Nanobiopesticides for Mitigation of Several Abiotic Stress
Babatunde Oluwafemi Adetuyi and Oluwakemi Semiloore Omowumi
10.1 Introduction
10.2 Stress Speculations
10.3 Stress Patterns
10.4 Natural Stress
10.5 Organic Stress
10.6 Abiotic Stress
10.7 Thermodynamic Pressure
10.8 Stress on Heavy Metals
10.9 Plant Response to Abiotic Stress
10.10 Plant Abiotic Stress Tolerance Mechanisms
10.10.1 Adaptability in Morphology Abiotic Stress Tolerance
10.10.2 Outrageous Temperature
10.10.3 Saltiness
10.10.4 Heavy Metals
10.11 Biotechnical Techniques to Reduce Plant Abiotic Stress
10.12 Methods in Genetic Engineering to Resist Abiotic Stress
10.13 Metabolite Engineering to Increase Resistance to Abiotic Stress
10.14 Stress-Responsive Qualities and Record Variables Can Be Hereditarily Adjusted
10.15 Devices for Gene Editing to Increase Plant Stress Resistance
10.15.1 Zinc Finger Nucleases (ZFNs)
10.16 An Approach For Future Applications of Nanomaterials In Combating Plant Stress
10.17 Take-Up, Translocation, and Biological Impacts of Plants
10.18 Nanobiopesticides
10.18.1 How Do Nanobiopesticides Work?
10.18.2 Advantages of Nanobiopesticides
10.18.3 Delivery of Nanobiopesticides
10.18.4 The Potential Impacts of Nanobiopesticides
10.18.5 Gathering of Nanoparticles in Plants
10.19 Conclusion
References
11. Nanobioherbicide Applications: Current Trends
Temitope Fasunloye Ajani, Omotayo Opemipo Oyedara, Bukola Christianah Adebayo-Tayo, Sunday Babatunde Akinde and Charles Oluwaseun Adetunji
11.1 Introduction
11.2 Nanoparticles for Agrochemicals
11.2.1 Zero-Valent Metal Nanoparticles
11.2.2 Metal Oxides Nanoparticles
11.2.3 Carbon Nanotubes
11.2.4 Nanocomposites
11.2.5 Polymers
11.2.6 Volatile Extracts
11.3 Key Features Nanobioherbicides
11.4 Approaches for Application of Nanobioherbicides
11.4.1 The Bioherbicide Approach
11.4.2 The Augmentation Approach
11.4.3 The Classical Approach
11.4.4 The Nanoformulation Approach
11.4.4.1 Advantages of Nanoformulation
11.4.4.2 Types of Nanoformulation
11.5 Mechanisms of Actions of Nanobioherbicides
11.6 Factors Affecting the Efficacy of Nanobioherbicides
11.7 Toxicity of Nanobioherbicides
11.8 Safety Tests for Nanobioherbicides
11.9 Nanoinformatic-Enhanced Weed Control
11.9.1 Artificial Intelligence for Nanobioherbicides
11.9.2 Machine Learning for Nanobioherbicides
11.9.3 Computational Tools for Nanobioherbicides
11.10 Challenges and Future Perspectives of Nanobioherbicides
11.11 Conclusion and Contribution to Knowledge
Acknowledgments
References
Appendix
12. Preliminary Testing and Bioassays of Nanobioherbicides
Temitope Fasunloye Ajani and Charles Oluwaseun Adetunji
12.1 Introduction
12.2 Pot Assay
12.2.1 Collection of Soil Samples
12.2.2 Selection of Species for Bioassay
12.2.3 Seeding and Growing Bioassay Species
12.2.4 Evaluation of Plant Growth and Injury
12.3 Field Trial
12.4 Sampling of Raw Agricultural Commodity
12.4.1 Samples per Site (Treated and Controls)
12.4.2 General Sampling Procedures
12.4.3 Subsampling
12.4.4 Washing and Brushing
12.4.5 Prevention of Contaminations
12.4.6 Preservation Conditions
12.5 Information/Raw Data on Individual Field Trials (Test Substance: Nanobioherbicide)
12.6 In-House Screening: Confirming Exposure and Maintaining Test Concentration
12.7 Test Media Characterization
12.8 Measuring Uptake in Soil Organisms
12.9 Nanobioherbicide Soil Sorption Assay
12.10 Allium cepa Chromosome Aberration Assay
References
13. Nontarget Effects of Nanobioherbicides
Temitope Fasunloye Ajani, Sunday Babatunde Akinde and Charles Oluwaseun Adetunji
13.1 Introduction
13.2 Effects of Nanobioherbicide Formulations
13.3 Nontarget Effects of Nanobioherbicide Formulations
13.4 Nanoatrazine: Effectiveness and Side Effects
13.5 Toxicity of Nanobioherbicides With Nontarget Organisms in Agroecosystem
References
14. Host Range Tests of Nanobioherbicides
Temitope Fasunloye Ajani, Charles Oluwaseun Adetunji and Bukola Christianah Adebayo-Tayo
14.1 Introduction
14.2 Conclusion and Contribution to Knowledge
References
Index
Back to Top
Preface
1. Nanotechnology: History, Trends and Modern Applications
Charles Oluwaseun Adetunji, Olalekan Akinbo, John Tsado Mathew, Chukwuebuka Egbuna, Abel Inobeme, Olotu Titilayo, Olulope Olufemi Ajayi, Wadazani Dauda,
Shakira Ghazanfar, Frank Abimbola Ogundolie, Julinan Bunmi Adetunji, Babatunde Oluwafemi Adetuyi, Shakirat Oloruntoyin Ajenifujah-Solebo and Abdullahi Tunde Aborode
1.1 Introduction
1.2 History of Nanotechnology
1.3 Recent Trend of Nanotechnology
1.4 Application of Nanotechnology Across Industry
1.5 Role of Nanotechnology in the Environment
1.6 Role of Nanotechnology in Remediation of Polluted Soil
1.7 Conclusion
References
2. Mitigating Action of Nanobioherbicides from Natural Products on Agricultural Produce
Ojo, S.K.S., Otugboyega, J.O., Ayo, I.O., Ojo, A.M. and Oluwole, B.R.
2.1 Introduction
2.2 Bioherbicides/Bioherbicide Formulations
2.3 Bioherbicides Sourced From Plants
2.3.1 Bioherbicides Developed From Plant Extracts
2.3.2 Bioherbicides Generated From Allelochemicals
2.4 Bioherbicides Sourced From Natural By-Products
2.5 Overview of the Benefits of Bioherbicides
2.6 Bioherbicides, Sources, and Effects on Target Weeds
2.6.1 Bioherbicides From Bacteria
2.6.2 Bioherbicides From Fungi
2.6.3 Bioherbicides From Lichens
2.6.4 Bioherbicides From Plants
2.6.5 Bioherbicide From Virus
2.7 Description of Nanoherbicides and Nanotechnology
2.8 Polymeric Nanoparticles
2.8.1 Nanoparticles From Inorganic Sources
2.8.2 Agricultural Wastes as Sources of Nanoparticles
2.8.3 Nanoparticles as Pest Killers
2.8.4 Nanobiopesticides
2.9 Application of Nanoparticles as Nanocarriers
2.10 Mode of Action of Nanobioherbicides
2.11 Nanobioherbicides and Their Mechanisms of Action
2.12 Conclusion
References
3. Beneficial and Natural Metabolites Derived From Plants
Saheed Ibrahim Musa, Josiah Eseoghene Ifie, Francis Aibuedefe Igiebor, Praisel Nnekauso Dike, Mimololuwa Adejumo, Daniel Igbinigun, Bartholomew Usunobun and Beckley Ikhajiagbe
3.1 Introduction
3.2 Types of Plant Metabolites
3.2.1 Primary Metabolites
3.2.2 Secondary Metabolites
3.2.2.1 Types of Plant Secondary Metabolites
3.2.2.2 Properties of Plants Secondary Metabolites
3.3 Relevance/Uses of Secondary Metabolites
3.4 Conclusion
Acknowledgments
References
4. Nanobioherbicides and Nutrient Uptakes
Kehinde Abraham Odelade, Babatunde Oluwafemi Adetuyi, Jacob Oluwadamilare Ibrahim, Victor Kayode Adeoye, Grace Gift Adewale, Oluwakemi Semiloore Omowumi and Charles Oluwaseun Adetunji
4.1 Introduction
4.2 Bioherbicides
4.3 Various Assumptions to Bioherbicides Approaches
4.3.1 Exceptionally Harmful Microorganisms Will Control Weed
4.3.1.1 Vegetation Tolerance and Vegetation Resistance
4.3.1.2 Appropriate Objective Unwanted Plants and Farming Framework
4.3.2 Application of Increased Inoculum Size Can Expand the Effect of Vegetation Pathogenic Microorganisms
4.3.3 The Efficiency and Dependability of Bioherbicides is Upgraded through Synthesized Solutions, and This Impact is Basically the Outcome of Delayed Spore Dehydration on the Outer Layer of Leaves
4.3.4 Host-Specific Vegetation Pathogenic Microbes May Be Chosen for Improvement as Bioherbicides Due to the Fact that Nonspecific Microbes Will
Introduce Dangers of Nontarget Vegetation Injury
4.4 Different Opportunities to the Bioherbicide Methodology
4.5 Examination of Bioherbicides With a Wide Range of Host
4.6 The Improvement of Bioherbicide
4.6.1 Nutritional/Cultural Enhancement
4.6.2 Hereditary Improvement
4.6.3 Dangers of Genetic Enhancement and How to Avoid Them
4.7 Roles of Various Microbial Products With Herbicidal Properties
4.8 The Capability of Nanotechnology in the Improvement of Bioherbicides
4.8.1 Different Bioherbicides Appropriate for Nanotechnology Techniques
4.8.2 Methodologies of Nanoformulation for Various Bioherbicides
4.9 Roles of Phytotoxic Nanoparticles in Bioherbicides Enhancement
4.10 Conclusion
References
5. Nanobioherbicide and Photosynthetic Pigment Synthesis
Gloria Omorowa Omoregie, Francis Aibuedefe Igiebor, Barka Peter Mshelmbula, Saheed Ibrahim Musa, Precious Osagie, Moteniola Adebiyi, Cynthia Etinosa Igbinosun and Beckley Ikhajiagbe
5.1 Introduction
5.2 Herbicides
5.3 Categories of Herbicides
5.3.1 Based on Selectivity
5.3.2 Based on Mode of Action
5.3.3 Based on Residual Action in Soil
5.3.4 Based on Time of Application
5.4 Classes of Herbicides
5.4.1 Physical
5.4.2 Chemical
5.4.3 Biological
5.4.4 Nanoparticles
5.5 Nanobiotechnology
5.6 Photosynthesis
5.7 Photosynthetic Pigments
5.8 Chloroplasts
5.8.1 Pathway for Synthesis of Chlorophyll
5.8.2 Areas Affected by Nanotechnology in Agriculture
5.8.3 Effect of Herbicides on Synthesis of Chlorophyll
5.9 Nanoherbicide and Agriculture
5.9.1 Uses of Bioherbicides
5.9.2 Current Status of Nanobioherbicide
5.10 Future of Nanotechnology
5.11 Nanoparticle–Plant Interaction
5.12 Conclusion
Acknowledgments
References
6. Nanobioherbicides and Plant Growth Hormone Synthesis and Stress-Mediated Hormones
Franics Aibuedefe Igiebor, Edokpolor Osazee Ohanmu, Gloria Omorowa Omoregie, Ojo Otokiti Jennifer, Musa, S.I., Denzel Ejale, Nathaniel Okojie, Richard Afe, Stanley Ivbobie and Beckley Ikhajiagbe
6.1 Introduction
6.2 History of Nanotechnology
6.3 Types of Nanoparticles
6.3.1 Carbon-Based NPs
6.3.2 Ceramic NPs
6.3.3 Metal NPs
6.3.4 Semiconductor NPs
6.3.5 Polymer NPs
6.3.6 Lipid-Based NPs
6.4 Application of Nanotechnology
6.5 Nanobioherbicides
6.5.1 Polymeric NPs
6.5.2 Inorganic NPs
6.6 Agroindustrial Waste-Based Nanoparticles
6.7 Bioherbicides
6.7.1 Synthesis
6.7.2 Uses
6.7.3 Benefits of Bioherbicides Over Herbicides
6.7.4 Mechanism of Bioherbicides in Weed Growth Inhibition
6.7.4.1 Physiological Mechanism
6.7.4.2 Morphological Mechanism
6.8 Impact of Nanoherbicides on Plant Growth Hormones
6.8.1 Plant Growth Herbicides
6.8.2 Pigment Inhibitors/Bleaching Herbicides
6.8.3 Photosynthetic Inhibitors
6.8.4 Amino Acid Synthesis Inhibitor
6.9 Plant Growth Hormones
6.10 Synthesis of Plant Growth Hormones
6.11 Types of Plant Growth Hormones
6.11.1 Auxin
6.11.2 Gibberellins
6.11.3 Cytokinins
6.11.4 Abscisic Acid
6.11.5 Ethylene
6.12 Conclusion
Acknowledgments
References
7. Relevance of Nanobiofungicides in the Prevention of Abiotic Stress
Gloria Omorowa Omoregie, Edokpolor Osazee Ohanmu, Francis Aibuedefe Igiebor, Yvonne Dike, Chima James Rufus, Esther Eniola, Saheed Ibrahim Musa, Emmanuel Ochoche Shaibu and Beckley Ikhajiagbe
7.1 Introduction
7.1.1 Biotic Stress
7.1.2 Abiotic Stress
7.1.2.1 Salinity
7.1.2.2 Drought
7.1.2.3 Temperature
7.1.2.4 High Temperature or Heat Stress
7.1.2.5 Flooding
7.2 Environment Stress and Fungal Effects
7.3 Fungicides
7.3.1 Fungicides are Classified According to:
7.3.1.1 Mobile vs. Contact Mobility in the Plant (Types of Systemics)
7.3.2 Chemo Fungicides
7.3.2.1 Production of Sterols, Lipids, and Extra Membrane Mechanism
7.3.2.2 Agrochemicals’ Modes of Action Against Plant Pathogenic Organisms
7.3.3 Fungi
7.3.3.1 Zygomycetes
7.3.3.2 Ascomycetes
7.3.3.3 Basidiomycetes
7.3.3.4 Deuteromycetes
7.3.4 Fungicides
7.4 Biofungicides
7.4.1 Background
7.4.2 Types of Biofungicides
7.4.2.1 There are Two Categories of Biofungicides Based on their Composition
7.4.2.2 Biofungicides are Classified into Two Categories Based on their Application
7.4.3 Examples of Biofungicides
7.4.4 Production of Biofungicides
7.4.5 Evaluation of Biofungicides
7.4.6 Mechanism of Biofungicides
7.4.7 Application of Fungicides
7.4.8 Advantages and Disadvantages of Biofungicides
7.4.8.1 Advantages
7.4.8.2 Disadvantages
7.5 Limiting Factors in the Use of Microbial Biofungicides
7.6 Challenges in the Use of Biofungicides
7.7 Nanoparticles as Applied to Biofungicides
7.7.1 Formation of Nanoparticles
7.7.1.1 Top-Down/Mechanical–Physical Manufacturing Procedures
7.7.1.2 Bottom-Up/Chemo-Physical Processes of Production
7.7.2 Nanoparticles of Various Types
7.7.2.1 Types of Nanoparticles
7.7.3 Nanoparticle Applications
7.7.3.1 Medication/Medicine
7.7.3.2 Production of Food
7.7.3.3 Improving the Quality of Water
7.7.3.4 Textiles and Fabrics
7.7.3.5 Electronics and Devices
7.7.4 Nanoparticles in Biofungicides
7.7.5 Nanobiofungicides: Are They the Fungicides of the Future?
7.8 Conclusion
Acknowledgments
References
8. The Influence of Nanobioherbicides on the Social Economy and Its Bioeconomy Perspectives in Attaining Sustainable Development Goals
Abere Benjamin Olusola and Charles Oluwaseun Adetunji
8.1 Introduction
8.2 Literature Review
8.3 The Role of Nanobioherbicides in the Creation of Sustainable Development Goals
8.4 Conclusion
References
9. Nutritional Qualities of Agricultural Crops After Application of Nanobioherbicides
John Tsado Mathew, Charles Oluwaseun Adetunji, Abel Inobeme, Musah Monday, Yakubu Azeh, Abdulfatai Aideye Otori and Amos Mamman
9.1 Introduction
9.2 Significant Importance of Nanobioherbicides on Nutritional Qualities of Agricultural Crops
9.3 Effects of Nanobioherbicides on Nutritional Qualities of Agricultural Crops
9.4 Prospect of Nanobioherbicides on Nutritional Qualities of Agricultural Crops
9.5 Recent Reports on Nanobioherbicides on Nutritional Qualities of Agricultural Crops
9.6 Conclusion
References
10. Application of Plant-Based Nanobiopesticides for Mitigation of Several Abiotic Stress
Babatunde Oluwafemi Adetuyi and Oluwakemi Semiloore Omowumi
10.1 Introduction
10.2 Stress Speculations
10.3 Stress Patterns
10.4 Natural Stress
10.5 Organic Stress
10.6 Abiotic Stress
10.7 Thermodynamic Pressure
10.8 Stress on Heavy Metals
10.9 Plant Response to Abiotic Stress
10.10 Plant Abiotic Stress Tolerance Mechanisms
10.10.1 Adaptability in Morphology Abiotic Stress Tolerance
10.10.2 Outrageous Temperature
10.10.3 Saltiness
10.10.4 Heavy Metals
10.11 Biotechnical Techniques to Reduce Plant Abiotic Stress
10.12 Methods in Genetic Engineering to Resist Abiotic Stress
10.13 Metabolite Engineering to Increase Resistance to Abiotic Stress
10.14 Stress-Responsive Qualities and Record Variables Can Be Hereditarily Adjusted
10.15 Devices for Gene Editing to Increase Plant Stress Resistance
10.15.1 Zinc Finger Nucleases (ZFNs)
10.16 An Approach For Future Applications of Nanomaterials In Combating Plant Stress
10.17 Take-Up, Translocation, and Biological Impacts of Plants
10.18 Nanobiopesticides
10.18.1 How Do Nanobiopesticides Work?
10.18.2 Advantages of Nanobiopesticides
10.18.3 Delivery of Nanobiopesticides
10.18.4 The Potential Impacts of Nanobiopesticides
10.18.5 Gathering of Nanoparticles in Plants
10.19 Conclusion
References
11. Nanobioherbicide Applications: Current Trends
Temitope Fasunloye Ajani, Omotayo Opemipo Oyedara, Bukola Christianah Adebayo-Tayo, Sunday Babatunde Akinde and Charles Oluwaseun Adetunji
11.1 Introduction
11.2 Nanoparticles for Agrochemicals
11.2.1 Zero-Valent Metal Nanoparticles
11.2.2 Metal Oxides Nanoparticles
11.2.3 Carbon Nanotubes
11.2.4 Nanocomposites
11.2.5 Polymers
11.2.6 Volatile Extracts
11.3 Key Features Nanobioherbicides
11.4 Approaches for Application of Nanobioherbicides
11.4.1 The Bioherbicide Approach
11.4.2 The Augmentation Approach
11.4.3 The Classical Approach
11.4.4 The Nanoformulation Approach
11.4.4.1 Advantages of Nanoformulation
11.4.4.2 Types of Nanoformulation
11.5 Mechanisms of Actions of Nanobioherbicides
11.6 Factors Affecting the Efficacy of Nanobioherbicides
11.7 Toxicity of Nanobioherbicides
11.8 Safety Tests for Nanobioherbicides
11.9 Nanoinformatic-Enhanced Weed Control
11.9.1 Artificial Intelligence for Nanobioherbicides
11.9.2 Machine Learning for Nanobioherbicides
11.9.3 Computational Tools for Nanobioherbicides
11.10 Challenges and Future Perspectives of Nanobioherbicides
11.11 Conclusion and Contribution to Knowledge
Acknowledgments
References
Appendix
12. Preliminary Testing and Bioassays of Nanobioherbicides
Temitope Fasunloye Ajani and Charles Oluwaseun Adetunji
12.1 Introduction
12.2 Pot Assay
12.2.1 Collection of Soil Samples
12.2.2 Selection of Species for Bioassay
12.2.3 Seeding and Growing Bioassay Species
12.2.4 Evaluation of Plant Growth and Injury
12.3 Field Trial
12.4 Sampling of Raw Agricultural Commodity
12.4.1 Samples per Site (Treated and Controls)
12.4.2 General Sampling Procedures
12.4.3 Subsampling
12.4.4 Washing and Brushing
12.4.5 Prevention of Contaminations
12.4.6 Preservation Conditions
12.5 Information/Raw Data on Individual Field Trials (Test Substance: Nanobioherbicide)
12.6 In-House Screening: Confirming Exposure and Maintaining Test Concentration
12.7 Test Media Characterization
12.8 Measuring Uptake in Soil Organisms
12.9 Nanobioherbicide Soil Sorption Assay
12.10 Allium cepa Chromosome Aberration Assay
References
13. Nontarget Effects of Nanobioherbicides
Temitope Fasunloye Ajani, Sunday Babatunde Akinde and Charles Oluwaseun Adetunji
13.1 Introduction
13.2 Effects of Nanobioherbicide Formulations
13.3 Nontarget Effects of Nanobioherbicide Formulations
13.4 Nanoatrazine: Effectiveness and Side Effects
13.5 Toxicity of Nanobioherbicides With Nontarget Organisms in Agroecosystem
References
14. Host Range Tests of Nanobioherbicides
Temitope Fasunloye Ajani, Charles Oluwaseun Adetunji and Bukola Christianah Adebayo-Tayo
14.1 Introduction
14.2 Conclusion and Contribution to Knowledge
References
Index
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