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Submit a ProposalSustainable Production Innovations
 | Bioremediation and Other Biotechnologies Edited by Alok Patel and Amit Kumar Sharma Copyright: 2024 | Expected Pub Date:2024// ISBN: 9781119791904 | Hardcover | 450 pages Price: $225 USD  |
One Line Description
Presenting the latest technologies and practices in this ever-changing field, this groundbreaking new volume covers the gambit for providing solutions and practical applications of smart and efficient energy systems.
Audience
This book holds significant importance for various research groups in applied microbiology, biotechnology, agricultural biotechnology, environmental biotechnology, and related fields. It also extends its relevance to professionals such as pharmacists, biochemical engineers, phycologists, bioprocess engineers, chemical engineers, scientists, and researchers in the pharmaceutical industry. Additionally, students and faculty in chemical engineering and process engineering will find valuable insights and benefits from reading this book.
This book holds significant importance for various research groups in applied microbiology, biotechnology, agricultural biotechnology, environmental biotechnology, and related fields. It also extends its relevance to professionals such as pharmacists, biochemical engineers, phycologists, bioprocess engineers, chemical engineers, scientists, and researchers in the pharmaceutical industry. Additionally, students and faculty in chemical engineering and process engineering will find valuable insights and benefits from reading this book.
Description
The global and climate changes we are witnessing are primarily driven by factors such as rising population, economic growth, and industrialization. These changes have led to an increase in atmospheric CO2, pollution, deforestation, water scarcity, and hunger, among other pressing issues. To ensure a green and sustainable future, it is crucial to harness renewable resources for the production of fuels, chemicals, and materials.
The book, Sustainable Production Innovations, addresses several bioprocesses that are integral to our daily lives, tackling important topics such as biofuel production, energy and food security, and wastewater management. The commercial interest in biotechnological processes has grown significantly due to their ability to utilize biocatalysts such as enzymes, bacteria, plant cells, or animal cells in bioreactors for the production of medications, health supplements, foods, biofuels, and chemicals.
Switching to bioproducts offers key benefits such as the sustainability of third-generation biofuels, CO2 sequestration, effective waste utilization, and meeting the increasing demand for clean water. The book explores various procedures used in biomass biorefineries and bioprocessing for the production of biofuels, biobased chemicals, and bioproducts. It also delves into advancements in utilizing oleaginous microorganisms for biofuels and nutraceuticals, biological wastewater treatment, and microplastic detection techniques in water. Additionally, the book covers topics such as biolubricant technologies, bioprocessing of agricultural and forest waste, biotechnological approaches in the cosmetic industry, and large-scale applications of nanomaterials for water treatment.
Authored by experts from leading biotechnology research groups around the world, the book comprises 13 chapters featuring the latest research in each subject. It is a valuable resource for scholars in chemical engineering, applied microbiology, biotechnology, agricultural biotechnology, environmental biotechnology, and related fields, offering new insights into the sustainable use of renewable energy and biochemicals. Professionals, including biochemical engineers, phycologists, bioprocess engineers, chemical engineers, scientists, and researchers in the water, food, pharmaceutical, and renewable energy industries will find this book beneficial. Likewise, students and faculty in the chemical engineering and energy departments will gain valuable knowledge from its contents.
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The global and climate changes we are witnessing are primarily driven by factors such as rising population, economic growth, and industrialization. These changes have led to an increase in atmospheric CO2, pollution, deforestation, water scarcity, and hunger, among other pressing issues. To ensure a green and sustainable future, it is crucial to harness renewable resources for the production of fuels, chemicals, and materials.
The book, Sustainable Production Innovations, addresses several bioprocesses that are integral to our daily lives, tackling important topics such as biofuel production, energy and food security, and wastewater management. The commercial interest in biotechnological processes has grown significantly due to their ability to utilize biocatalysts such as enzymes, bacteria, plant cells, or animal cells in bioreactors for the production of medications, health supplements, foods, biofuels, and chemicals.
Switching to bioproducts offers key benefits such as the sustainability of third-generation biofuels, CO2 sequestration, effective waste utilization, and meeting the increasing demand for clean water. The book explores various procedures used in biomass biorefineries and bioprocessing for the production of biofuels, biobased chemicals, and bioproducts. It also delves into advancements in utilizing oleaginous microorganisms for biofuels and nutraceuticals, biological wastewater treatment, and microplastic detection techniques in water. Additionally, the book covers topics such as biolubricant technologies, bioprocessing of agricultural and forest waste, biotechnological approaches in the cosmetic industry, and large-scale applications of nanomaterials for water treatment.
Authored by experts from leading biotechnology research groups around the world, the book comprises 13 chapters featuring the latest research in each subject. It is a valuable resource for scholars in chemical engineering, applied microbiology, biotechnology, agricultural biotechnology, environmental biotechnology, and related fields, offering new insights into the sustainable use of renewable energy and biochemicals. Professionals, including biochemical engineers, phycologists, bioprocess engineers, chemical engineers, scientists, and researchers in the water, food, pharmaceutical, and renewable energy industries will find this book beneficial. Likewise, students and faculty in the chemical engineering and energy departments will gain valuable knowledge from its contents.
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Author / Editor Details
Alok Patel, PhD, is an assistant professor in Biochemical Process Engineering, Lulea University of Technology, Lulea, Sweden and is the principal investigator of a project funded by the Swedish Research Council. He earned his PhD in biotechnology from IIT Roorkee in 2017, and his research interest is mainly focused on biofuels, biorefineries, and other biotechnologies.
Alok Patel, PhD, is an assistant professor in Biochemical Process Engineering, Lulea University of Technology, Lulea, Sweden and is the principal investigator of a project funded by the Swedish Research Council. He earned his PhD in biotechnology from IIT Roorkee in 2017, and his research interest is mainly focused on biofuels, biorefineries, and other biotechnologies.
Amit Kumar Sharma, PhD, is an assistant professor in Applied Sciences Cluster, and Centre of Alternate Energy Research at the University of Petroleum and Energy Studies, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India. He earned his PhD on microalgae-based fuels from UPES, and his research interest is mainly focused on biofuels, biorefineries, and other biotechnologies.
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Table of Contents
Preface
1. Biolubricant
Danyang Cao, Leonidas Matsakas, Jie Zhang, Lisong Dong, Yijun Shi, Jiahua Zhu, Xin Feng, Xiaohua Lu and Liwen Mu
1.1 Introduction
1.2 Biolubricant Base Oil
1.2.1 Edible and Non-Edible Oils
1.2.2 Waste Cooking Oils
1.2.3 Microbial Oils
1.2.4 Lignocellulose Base Oil
1.3 Upgrading Process for Biolubricant Base Oil
1.3.1 Esterification/Transesterification
1.3.2 Epoxidation, Ring Opening, and Acetylation
1.3.3 Selective Hydrogenation
1.4 Biolubricant Additive
1.4.1 Types of Lubricant Additives
1.4.1.1 Viscosity Index Improver
1.4.1.2 Antioxidant Agent
1.4.1.3 Extreme Pressure Anti-Wear Agent
1.4.1.4 Pour Point Depressant
1.4.1.5 Others Lubricant Additives
1.4.2 Green Lubricating Additive
1.4.2.1 Vegetable Oil Based Lubricant Additives
1.4.2.2 Lignin Additives for Lubricant Formulation
1.4.2.3 Cellulose Additives for Lubricant Formulation
1.4.2.4 Amino Acids for Green Lubricating Additive
1.5 Perspective
References
2. Microbial Degradation of Plastics
Cecil Antony, Praveen Kumar Ghodke, Saravanakumar Thiyagarajan, Tamilarasan Selvaraj, Sathiya Sivaprakasam and Amit Kumar Sharma
2.1 Introduction
2.2 Plastic Polymers and Their Applications
2.2.1 Improved Consumer Health and Safety
2.2.2 Energy Savings
2.2.3 Material Conservation
2.2.4 Plastic Polymers and Their Future
2.3 Challenges in Plastic Waste Management
2.3.1 Problems Associated with Plastic Waste
2.3.2 Challenges Found in Plastic Waste Disposal
2.3.3 How Plastics Find Their Way into the Ecosystem
2.4 Environmental Hazards Caused by Plastics
2.4.1 Dissemination of Microplastics
2.4.2 Dissemination Route to Groundwater and Becoming Air Borne
2.4.3 Impacts of Microplastics on Soil Organisms
2.5 Microbial Plastic Degradation
2.5.1 Degradation of Plastics
2.5.2 Breakdown of Plastics by Microbes
2.5.3 Microbial Biomolecules and Plastic Degradation
2.5.4 Factors Affecting Plastic Biomineralization
2.6 Identification Methods of Microplastics
2.6.1 Visual Inspection Method
2.6.2 Detection Methods Based on Polymer Chemical Structure
2.6.2.1 Microplastic Identification with Artificial Intelligence Approach
2.7 Conclusion
References
3. Biotechnological Advances in Cosmetic Industry
Sneha Sawant Desai and Varsha Kelkar Mane
3.1 Introduction
3.2 Polysaccharides from Macroalgae
3.2.1 Fucoidans
3.2.2 Ulvan
3.2.3 Alginate
3.2.4 Carrageenan
3.2.5 Porphyran
3.3 Polysaccharides from Microalgae
3.3.1 UV Protective Compounds
3.4 Polyphenols
3.5 Pigments
3.5.1 Chlorophyll
3.5.2 Carotenoids
3.6 Vitamins
3.7 Peptides and Amino Acids
3.8 Current Scenario of Use of Algal Bio-Actives in Cosmetics
3.9 Other Cosmetic Advances
3.9.1 Growth Factors
3.9.2 Enzymes
3.9.3 Stem Cells
3.9.4 Peptides
3.9.5 miRNAs
3.9.6 Personalized Skincare
3.10 Conclusion
References
4. Large Scale Applications of Nanomaterials for Water Treatment: Challenges, Future Prospects, and the Visionary Future
Sukanchan Palit and P.S. Ranjit
4.1 Introduction
4.2 Vast Scientific Doctrine and the March of Science in Nanomaterials and Engineered Nanomaterials
4.3 The Scientific Vision of Bioremediation
4.4 Applications of Nanomaterials for Water Treatment
4.5 The Scientific Vision Behind Environmental Sustainability, Environmental Remediation, and the Road Ahead
4.6 Recent Scientific Advancements in the Field of Nanomaterial Applications in Water Treatment
4.7 Recent Scientific Advancements in the Field of Nanotechnology
4.8 Arsenic and Heavy Metal Groundwater Remediation, Application of Nanomaterials, and the Road Ahead
4.9 Conventional and Non-Conventional Environmental Engineering Techniques, the March of Engineering Science, and the Vast Vision for the Future
4.10 The Status of Environmental Engineering Research in the Global Scenario and the Research Forays Ahead
4.11 Future Scientific Recommendations and Future Flow of Scientific Thoughts
4.12 Conclusion and Scientific and Engineering Perspectives
References
5. Green Technologies for Pesticide Contaminated Soil and Water
Ahmad Rabbani, Akhilesh Kumar Mishra, Nishu Goyal and Smriti Arora
5.1 Introduction
5.2 Effect of Pesticides on Soil and Water Environment
5.2.1 Deterioration of Water Quality Due to Pesticides
5.2.2 Degradation of Soil Quality Due to Pesticides
5.3 Bacterial Degradation and Bioremediation of Pesticides from Polluted and Contaminated Soil and Water
5.3.1 Bioventing
5.3.2 Biosparging
5.3.3 Bioaugementation
5.3.4 Land Farming
5.3.5 Biopiling
5.4 Phytoremediation: An Effective Alternative Method
5.4.1 Phytotransformation
5.4.2 Phytovolatilization
5.4.3 Rhizoremediation
5.5 Novel Approaches for More Effective Bioremediation
5.5.1 Pesticides Biodegradation Using Recombinant Strains
5.5.2 Microbial Enzymes and Pathways Involved in Pesticide Degradation
5.6 Challenges and Future Prospects
5.7 Conclusion
References
6. Microalgae as Source of High Value Compounds
Dimitra Karageorgou and Petros Katapodis
6.1 Introduction
6.2 Produced Biocompounds and High-Value Products
6.2.1 Lipids
6.2.2 Protein and Amino Acids
6.2.3 Carbohydrates
6.2.4 Vitamins Production
6.2.5 Pigments
6.3 Conclusions
Acknowledgements
References
7. Advance Biotechnological, Pharmaceutical, and Medicinal Applications of Chitinases
Pradeep Kumar, Sangeta Saini, Mukesh Chand and Hari Om Sharma
Abbreviation
7.1 Introduction
7.2 Classification of Chitinases
7.3 Application of Chitinases
7.3.1 Medicinal Importance of Chitinases
7.3.2 Chitinase as Aging in COVID-19
7.3.3 Role of Chitinases as Bioinsecticide
7.3.4 Uses of AMCase for Asthma
7.3.5 Chitinases as Diagnostic Biomarker
7.3.6 CHI3L2 as Biochemical Marker for Osteoarthritis
7.3.7 Chitinases as Antitumor Drugs
7.3.8 Chitinase in Trichomoniasis Therapy
7.4 Future Prospects
Acknowledgements
References
8. Microbial Degradation of Plastics: Current Perspectives and Challenges
Narasimhan Manoj Kumar, Govindasamy Sharmila and Chandrasekaran Muthukumaran
8.1 Introduction
8.2 Biodegradation of Natural Plastics
8.2.1 Polyhydroxyalkanoates Biodegradation
8.2.2 Polylactic Acid Biodegradation
8.3 Biodegradation of Synthetic Plastics
8.3.1 Polythene or Polyethylene Biodegradation
8.3.2 Polyurethane Biodegradation
8.3.3 Polyvinyl Chloride Biodegradation
8.3.4 Polystyrene Biodegradation
8.3.5 Polypropylene Biodegradation
8.3.6 Polyethylene Terephthalate Biodegradation
8.4 Conclusion and Prospects
References
9. Microbial Application in Food Industry
Cecil Antony, Tamilarasam Selvaraj, Dinesh Mohanakrishnan, Praveen Kumar Ghodke, Sathiya Sivaprakasam and Amit Kumar Sharma
9.1 Introduction
9.1.1 Production of Enzymes
9.1.2 Production of Organic Acids
9.2 Production of Colouring Agents and Flavours in Food Industry
9.3 Microbial Production of Flavour
9.4 Production of Polyhydric Alcohols
9.5 Production of Vitamins
9.5.1 Fat-Soluble Vitamins
9.5.2 Water Soluble Vitamins
9.6 Production of Lipids and Glycolipids
9.7 Microbes as Food
9.8 Solid State Fermentation and Its Application in Food Industry
9.9 Non-Beneficial or Food Borne Pathogens Detection
9.9.1 Nucleic Acid-Based Pathogen Detection
9.9.2 Immunological Based Methods
9.9.3 Biosensor Based Methods
9.9.3.1 Electrochemical Based Biosensors
9.9.3.2 Optical-Based Biosensors
9.9.3.3 Mass Based Biosensors
9.10 Conclusions
References
10. Biotechnological Approaches of Algae
Laxmi Mishra, Devvrat Pandey, Rahul Khan, Abhishek Singh, Nupur Gupta and Roshan Kumar
10.1 Introduction
10.2 Algal Biotechnology: Emerging Areas of Applications
10.2.1 Bio-Energy
10.2.1.1 Bio-Oil
10.2.1.2 Bio-Diesel
10.2.1.3 Bio-Gas
10.2.2 Food Supplements
10.2.3 Pigments
10.2.4 Bioplastic: Alternatives to Petrochemical-Based Plastics
10.2.5 Biocleanser
10.3 Algal Biotechnology: Emerging Areas of Technology
10.3.1 Algal Cultivation
10.3.2 Harvesting and Downstream Processing
10.3.3 Genetic Engineering
10.3.4 Genetic Screening: Phenomics
10.4 Conclusion
References
11. Cellulases: An Approach Towards Current Advances in Biofuel Conversion and Future Prospects
Pradeep Kumar, Mukesh Chand, Sangeta Saini and Sandeep Kumar
11.1 Introduction
11.2 Source of Cellulases
11.3 Cellulase Structure
11.4 Cellulase Mechanism
11.5 Production of Cellulases
11.6 Application of Cellulases
11.7 Production of Bioethanol from Lignocellulose
11.8 Conclusion
11.8.1 Future Prospects
Acknowledgements
References
12. Extraction of Biofuels and Valuable Products (Essential Fatty Acids) from Microalgae: The Greenhouse Gas Emissions
Sakshi Chaudhary, Pragya Chaturvedi, Deepti Chaudhary and Roshan Kumar
12.1 Introduction
12.2 Why is Biofuel Necessary?
12.3 Biofuel Production Technology
12.4 Conversion of Microalgae to Biofuel
12.4.1 Cultivation of Microalgae
12.4.2 Harvesting
12.4.3 Drying and Dewatering
12.4.4 Extraction of Oil
12.5 Lipid Extraction Techniques
12.6 Principal Products Acquired from Microalgae
12.6.1 Bioactive Compounds
12.6.1.1 Proteins from Microalgae
12.6.1.2 Pigments Obtained from Microalgal Biomass: β-Carotene, Lycopene,
Astaxanthin, and Phycobiliproteins
12.6.1.3 Compounds with Antioxidant Function
12.6.1.4 Compounds with Antimicrobial Activity
12.6.1.5 Compounds with Anti-Inflammatory Action
12.6.1.6 Compounds with Health Promoting Functions
12.6.1.7 Compounds with Potential for Degenerative Diseases
12.6.1.8 Secondary Metabolites with Potential Commercial Value
12.7 Conclusion
References
13. Bioprocessing of Agricultural and Forest Waste
Praveen Kumar Ghodke, Cecil Anthony and Amit Kumar Sharma
13.1 Introduction
13.2 Agricultural Residues
13.3 Forest Waste
13.4 Biomass Composition
13.5 Anaerobic Digestion
13.6 Dark Fermentation
13.7 Photofermentation Bio-Processing Technologies
13.8 Dark- and Photo-Fermentation Bioprocessing
13.9 Conclusions
References
Index
Back to Top
Preface
1. Biolubricant
Danyang Cao, Leonidas Matsakas, Jie Zhang, Lisong Dong, Yijun Shi, Jiahua Zhu, Xin Feng, Xiaohua Lu and Liwen Mu
1.1 Introduction
1.2 Biolubricant Base Oil
1.2.1 Edible and Non-Edible Oils
1.2.2 Waste Cooking Oils
1.2.3 Microbial Oils
1.2.4 Lignocellulose Base Oil
1.3 Upgrading Process for Biolubricant Base Oil
1.3.1 Esterification/Transesterification
1.3.2 Epoxidation, Ring Opening, and Acetylation
1.3.3 Selective Hydrogenation
1.4 Biolubricant Additive
1.4.1 Types of Lubricant Additives
1.4.1.1 Viscosity Index Improver
1.4.1.2 Antioxidant Agent
1.4.1.3 Extreme Pressure Anti-Wear Agent
1.4.1.4 Pour Point Depressant
1.4.1.5 Others Lubricant Additives
1.4.2 Green Lubricating Additive
1.4.2.1 Vegetable Oil Based Lubricant Additives
1.4.2.2 Lignin Additives for Lubricant Formulation
1.4.2.3 Cellulose Additives for Lubricant Formulation
1.4.2.4 Amino Acids for Green Lubricating Additive
1.5 Perspective
References
2. Microbial Degradation of Plastics
Cecil Antony, Praveen Kumar Ghodke, Saravanakumar Thiyagarajan, Tamilarasan Selvaraj, Sathiya Sivaprakasam and Amit Kumar Sharma
2.1 Introduction
2.2 Plastic Polymers and Their Applications
2.2.1 Improved Consumer Health and Safety
2.2.2 Energy Savings
2.2.3 Material Conservation
2.2.4 Plastic Polymers and Their Future
2.3 Challenges in Plastic Waste Management
2.3.1 Problems Associated with Plastic Waste
2.3.2 Challenges Found in Plastic Waste Disposal
2.3.3 How Plastics Find Their Way into the Ecosystem
2.4 Environmental Hazards Caused by Plastics
2.4.1 Dissemination of Microplastics
2.4.2 Dissemination Route to Groundwater and Becoming Air Borne
2.4.3 Impacts of Microplastics on Soil Organisms
2.5 Microbial Plastic Degradation
2.5.1 Degradation of Plastics
2.5.2 Breakdown of Plastics by Microbes
2.5.3 Microbial Biomolecules and Plastic Degradation
2.5.4 Factors Affecting Plastic Biomineralization
2.6 Identification Methods of Microplastics
2.6.1 Visual Inspection Method
2.6.2 Detection Methods Based on Polymer Chemical Structure
2.6.2.1 Microplastic Identification with Artificial Intelligence Approach
2.7 Conclusion
References
3. Biotechnological Advances in Cosmetic Industry
Sneha Sawant Desai and Varsha Kelkar Mane
3.1 Introduction
3.2 Polysaccharides from Macroalgae
3.2.1 Fucoidans
3.2.2 Ulvan
3.2.3 Alginate
3.2.4 Carrageenan
3.2.5 Porphyran
3.3 Polysaccharides from Microalgae
3.3.1 UV Protective Compounds
3.4 Polyphenols
3.5 Pigments
3.5.1 Chlorophyll
3.5.2 Carotenoids
3.6 Vitamins
3.7 Peptides and Amino Acids
3.8 Current Scenario of Use of Algal Bio-Actives in Cosmetics
3.9 Other Cosmetic Advances
3.9.1 Growth Factors
3.9.2 Enzymes
3.9.3 Stem Cells
3.9.4 Peptides
3.9.5 miRNAs
3.9.6 Personalized Skincare
3.10 Conclusion
References
4. Large Scale Applications of Nanomaterials for Water Treatment: Challenges, Future Prospects, and the Visionary Future
Sukanchan Palit and P.S. Ranjit
4.1 Introduction
4.2 Vast Scientific Doctrine and the March of Science in Nanomaterials and Engineered Nanomaterials
4.3 The Scientific Vision of Bioremediation
4.4 Applications of Nanomaterials for Water Treatment
4.5 The Scientific Vision Behind Environmental Sustainability, Environmental Remediation, and the Road Ahead
4.6 Recent Scientific Advancements in the Field of Nanomaterial Applications in Water Treatment
4.7 Recent Scientific Advancements in the Field of Nanotechnology
4.8 Arsenic and Heavy Metal Groundwater Remediation, Application of Nanomaterials, and the Road Ahead
4.9 Conventional and Non-Conventional Environmental Engineering Techniques, the March of Engineering Science, and the Vast Vision for the Future
4.10 The Status of Environmental Engineering Research in the Global Scenario and the Research Forays Ahead
4.11 Future Scientific Recommendations and Future Flow of Scientific Thoughts
4.12 Conclusion and Scientific and Engineering Perspectives
References
5. Green Technologies for Pesticide Contaminated Soil and Water
Ahmad Rabbani, Akhilesh Kumar Mishra, Nishu Goyal and Smriti Arora
5.1 Introduction
5.2 Effect of Pesticides on Soil and Water Environment
5.2.1 Deterioration of Water Quality Due to Pesticides
5.2.2 Degradation of Soil Quality Due to Pesticides
5.3 Bacterial Degradation and Bioremediation of Pesticides from Polluted and Contaminated Soil and Water
5.3.1 Bioventing
5.3.2 Biosparging
5.3.3 Bioaugementation
5.3.4 Land Farming
5.3.5 Biopiling
5.4 Phytoremediation: An Effective Alternative Method
5.4.1 Phytotransformation
5.4.2 Phytovolatilization
5.4.3 Rhizoremediation
5.5 Novel Approaches for More Effective Bioremediation
5.5.1 Pesticides Biodegradation Using Recombinant Strains
5.5.2 Microbial Enzymes and Pathways Involved in Pesticide Degradation
5.6 Challenges and Future Prospects
5.7 Conclusion
References
6. Microalgae as Source of High Value Compounds
Dimitra Karageorgou and Petros Katapodis
6.1 Introduction
6.2 Produced Biocompounds and High-Value Products
6.2.1 Lipids
6.2.2 Protein and Amino Acids
6.2.3 Carbohydrates
6.2.4 Vitamins Production
6.2.5 Pigments
6.3 Conclusions
Acknowledgements
References
7. Advance Biotechnological, Pharmaceutical, and Medicinal Applications of Chitinases
Pradeep Kumar, Sangeta Saini, Mukesh Chand and Hari Om Sharma
Abbreviation
7.1 Introduction
7.2 Classification of Chitinases
7.3 Application of Chitinases
7.3.1 Medicinal Importance of Chitinases
7.3.2 Chitinase as Aging in COVID-19
7.3.3 Role of Chitinases as Bioinsecticide
7.3.4 Uses of AMCase for Asthma
7.3.5 Chitinases as Diagnostic Biomarker
7.3.6 CHI3L2 as Biochemical Marker for Osteoarthritis
7.3.7 Chitinases as Antitumor Drugs
7.3.8 Chitinase in Trichomoniasis Therapy
7.4 Future Prospects
Acknowledgements
References
8. Microbial Degradation of Plastics: Current Perspectives and Challenges
Narasimhan Manoj Kumar, Govindasamy Sharmila and Chandrasekaran Muthukumaran
8.1 Introduction
8.2 Biodegradation of Natural Plastics
8.2.1 Polyhydroxyalkanoates Biodegradation
8.2.2 Polylactic Acid Biodegradation
8.3 Biodegradation of Synthetic Plastics
8.3.1 Polythene or Polyethylene Biodegradation
8.3.2 Polyurethane Biodegradation
8.3.3 Polyvinyl Chloride Biodegradation
8.3.4 Polystyrene Biodegradation
8.3.5 Polypropylene Biodegradation
8.3.6 Polyethylene Terephthalate Biodegradation
8.4 Conclusion and Prospects
References
9. Microbial Application in Food Industry
Cecil Antony, Tamilarasam Selvaraj, Dinesh Mohanakrishnan, Praveen Kumar Ghodke, Sathiya Sivaprakasam and Amit Kumar Sharma
9.1 Introduction
9.1.1 Production of Enzymes
9.1.2 Production of Organic Acids
9.2 Production of Colouring Agents and Flavours in Food Industry
9.3 Microbial Production of Flavour
9.4 Production of Polyhydric Alcohols
9.5 Production of Vitamins
9.5.1 Fat-Soluble Vitamins
9.5.2 Water Soluble Vitamins
9.6 Production of Lipids and Glycolipids
9.7 Microbes as Food
9.8 Solid State Fermentation and Its Application in Food Industry
9.9 Non-Beneficial or Food Borne Pathogens Detection
9.9.1 Nucleic Acid-Based Pathogen Detection
9.9.2 Immunological Based Methods
9.9.3 Biosensor Based Methods
9.9.3.1 Electrochemical Based Biosensors
9.9.3.2 Optical-Based Biosensors
9.9.3.3 Mass Based Biosensors
9.10 Conclusions
References
10. Biotechnological Approaches of Algae
Laxmi Mishra, Devvrat Pandey, Rahul Khan, Abhishek Singh, Nupur Gupta and Roshan Kumar
10.1 Introduction
10.2 Algal Biotechnology: Emerging Areas of Applications
10.2.1 Bio-Energy
10.2.1.1 Bio-Oil
10.2.1.2 Bio-Diesel
10.2.1.3 Bio-Gas
10.2.2 Food Supplements
10.2.3 Pigments
10.2.4 Bioplastic: Alternatives to Petrochemical-Based Plastics
10.2.5 Biocleanser
10.3 Algal Biotechnology: Emerging Areas of Technology
10.3.1 Algal Cultivation
10.3.2 Harvesting and Downstream Processing
10.3.3 Genetic Engineering
10.3.4 Genetic Screening: Phenomics
10.4 Conclusion
References
11. Cellulases: An Approach Towards Current Advances in Biofuel Conversion and Future Prospects
Pradeep Kumar, Mukesh Chand, Sangeta Saini and Sandeep Kumar
11.1 Introduction
11.2 Source of Cellulases
11.3 Cellulase Structure
11.4 Cellulase Mechanism
11.5 Production of Cellulases
11.6 Application of Cellulases
11.7 Production of Bioethanol from Lignocellulose
11.8 Conclusion
11.8.1 Future Prospects
Acknowledgements
References
12. Extraction of Biofuels and Valuable Products (Essential Fatty Acids) from Microalgae: The Greenhouse Gas Emissions
Sakshi Chaudhary, Pragya Chaturvedi, Deepti Chaudhary and Roshan Kumar
12.1 Introduction
12.2 Why is Biofuel Necessary?
12.3 Biofuel Production Technology
12.4 Conversion of Microalgae to Biofuel
12.4.1 Cultivation of Microalgae
12.4.2 Harvesting
12.4.3 Drying and Dewatering
12.4.4 Extraction of Oil
12.5 Lipid Extraction Techniques
12.6 Principal Products Acquired from Microalgae
12.6.1 Bioactive Compounds
12.6.1.1 Proteins from Microalgae
12.6.1.2 Pigments Obtained from Microalgal Biomass: β-Carotene, Lycopene,
Astaxanthin, and Phycobiliproteins
12.6.1.3 Compounds with Antioxidant Function
12.6.1.4 Compounds with Antimicrobial Activity
12.6.1.5 Compounds with Anti-Inflammatory Action
12.6.1.6 Compounds with Health Promoting Functions
12.6.1.7 Compounds with Potential for Degenerative Diseases
12.6.1.8 Secondary Metabolites with Potential Commercial Value
12.7 Conclusion
References
13. Bioprocessing of Agricultural and Forest Waste
Praveen Kumar Ghodke, Cecil Anthony and Amit Kumar Sharma
13.1 Introduction
13.2 Agricultural Residues
13.3 Forest Waste
13.4 Biomass Composition
13.5 Anaerobic Digestion
13.6 Dark Fermentation
13.7 Photofermentation Bio-Processing Technologies
13.8 Dark- and Photo-Fermentation Bioprocessing
13.9 Conclusions
References
Index
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