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Submit a ProposalLaser-Assisted Machining
 | Processes and Applications Edited by Sandip Kunar and Prasenjit Chatterjee Series: Innovations in Materials and Manufacturing Copyright: 2024 | Status: Published ISBN: 9781394213573 | Hardcover | 494 pages Price: $225 USD  |
One Line Description
This unique book develops exhaustive engineering perceptions of different laser-assisted techniques, reviews the engineering context of different laser fabrication techniques, and describes the application of laser-assisted fabrication techniques.
Audience
The book will be used by researchers in the fields of manufacturing technology and materials science as well as engineers and high-level technicians for a better understanding of various innovative and novel techniques to cope with the need of micromachining, as well as microfabrication industries for successful implementation of microproduct manufacturing.
The book will be used by researchers in the fields of manufacturing technology and materials science as well as engineers and high-level technicians for a better understanding of various innovative and novel techniques to cope with the need of micromachining, as well as microfabrication industries for successful implementation of microproduct manufacturing.
Description
Lasers are essential in the area of material processing because they can produce coherent beams with little divergence. The fabrication process known as surface cladding includes joining (soldering, welding), material removal (laser-aided drilling, cutting, etc.), deformation (extrusion, bending), and material addition. Some remarkable advantages of laser-assisted material development include faster processing rates and preservation of essential alloying components. However, the lack of widespread understanding of various material phenomena and how laser parameters affect them prevents the technology from being widely accepted on an industrial scale.
Among the subjects Laser-Assisted Machining covers include high-powered lasers in material processing applications, laser-based joining of metallic and non-metallic materials, direct laser cladding, laser surface processing, laser micro and nano processing, emerging laser materials processing techniques, solid-state lasers, laser cutting, drilling and piercing, laser welding, laser bending or forming, laser cleaning, laser automation and in-process sensing, femtosecond laser micromachining, laser-assisted micro-milling/grinding, laser-assisted jet electrochemical micro-machining, laser-assisted water jet micro-machining, hybrid laser-electrochemical micromachining process, quill and nonreciprocal ultrafast laser writing, laser surface engineering, ultrashort pulsed laser surface texturing, laser interference patterning systems, laser interference lithography, laser-guided discharge texturing.
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Lasers are essential in the area of material processing because they can produce coherent beams with little divergence. The fabrication process known as surface cladding includes joining (soldering, welding), material removal (laser-aided drilling, cutting, etc.), deformation (extrusion, bending), and material addition. Some remarkable advantages of laser-assisted material development include faster processing rates and preservation of essential alloying components. However, the lack of widespread understanding of various material phenomena and how laser parameters affect them prevents the technology from being widely accepted on an industrial scale.
Among the subjects Laser-Assisted Machining covers include high-powered lasers in material processing applications, laser-based joining of metallic and non-metallic materials, direct laser cladding, laser surface processing, laser micro and nano processing, emerging laser materials processing techniques, solid-state lasers, laser cutting, drilling and piercing, laser welding, laser bending or forming, laser cleaning, laser automation and in-process sensing, femtosecond laser micromachining, laser-assisted micro-milling/grinding, laser-assisted jet electrochemical micro-machining, laser-assisted water jet micro-machining, hybrid laser-electrochemical micromachining process, quill and nonreciprocal ultrafast laser writing, laser surface engineering, ultrashort pulsed laser surface texturing, laser interference patterning systems, laser interference lithography, laser-guided discharge texturing.
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Author / Editor Details
Sandip Kunar, PhD, is an assistant professor in the Department of Mechanical Engineering, Aditya Engineering College, A.P., India. He has published more than 50 research papers in various reputed international journals, national and international conference proceedings, 16 book chapters, and 9 books as well as two patents. His research interests include non-conventional machining processes, micromachining processes, advanced manufacturing technology, and industrial engineering.
Sandip Kunar, PhD, is an assistant professor in the Department of Mechanical Engineering, Aditya Engineering College, A.P., India. He has published more than 50 research papers in various reputed international journals, national and international conference proceedings, 16 book chapters, and 9 books as well as two patents. His research interests include non-conventional machining processes, micromachining processes, advanced manufacturing technology, and industrial engineering.
Prasenjit Chatterjee, PhD, is a Professor of Mechanical Engineering and Dean (Research and Consultancy) at MCKV Institute of Engineering, West Bengal, India. He has more than 5550 citations, h index of 39, and 120+ research papers in various international journals and peer-reviewed conferences. He has authored and edited more than 33 books on intelligent decision-making, fuzzy computing, supply chain management, optimization techniques, risk management and sustainability modeling. He has received numerous awards including Best Track Paper Award, Outstanding Reviewer Award, Best Paper Award, Outstanding Researcher Award and University Gold Medal. He is the Editor-in-Chief of Journal of Decision Analytics and Intelligent Computing. He is one of the developers of two multiple-criteria decision-making methods called Measurement of Alternatives and Ranking according to COmpromise Solution (MARCOS) and Ranking of Alternatives through Functional mapping of criterion sub-intervals into a Single Interval (RAFSI).
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Table of Contents
Preface
Acknowledgments
1. Introduction to Laser-Assisted Machining
Sandip Kunar, K. Vijetha, Jagadeesha T., Abhishek Ghosh, S. Rama Sree, Prasenjit Chatterjee, Sreenivasa Reddy Medapati and Nabankur Mandal
1.1 Introduction
1.2 Laser-Assisted Machining—Overview
1.3 Machining of Advanced Materials
1.3.1 Titanium Alloys
1.3.2 Nickel-Based Alloys
1.3.3 Ceramics
1.3.4 Ferrous Alloys
1.3.5 Composites
1.4 Machining Requirements
1.5 Tools to be Used
1.6 Lasers for Machining
1.7 Machining Requirements
1.8 Conclusion
References
2. Laser Welding in Manufacturing Applications
P. Sivasankaran
2.1 Introduction
2.2 Research Advancements in Laser Welding
2.2.1 Process Variables in Advanced Laser Welding Techniques
2.3 Types of Laser Welding
2.3.1 Combining Laser Welding with Different Weld Methods
2.4 Advantages of Laser Welding Processes
2.5 Conclusion
2.6 Future Scope of Work
References
3. Laser-Assisted Machining for Advanced Materials
Sandip Kunar, Abhishek Ghosh, Rajesh Kumar, D.V. Janaki, Jagadeesha T., Norfazillah Talib, K.V.S.R. Murthy, Sreenivasa Reddy Medapati and Prasenjit Chatterjee
3.1 Introduction
3.2 Laser-Assisted Machining Technology
3.3 Laser-Assisted Machining of Advanced Materials
3.3.1 Nickel-Based Superalloy
3.3.2 Titanium and Its Alloys
3.3.3 Metal Matrix Composites
3.3.4 Composite Materials
3.3.5 Ceramics
3.3.6 Nickel Alloys
3.3.7 Ferrous Alloys
3.4 Laser Applications for Machining
3.5 Conclusions
3.6 Future Scope of LAM
References
4. Optimization of Laser Cutting Parameters Using the Taguchi Approach
Ranjith Raj A., Senthamarai Kannan C. and Sivaramapandian J.
4.1 Introduction
4.2 Literature Survey
4.3 Methodology
4.4 Experimental Study
4.5 SN vs. Responses
4.6 Mean Plot
4.7 Discussion
4.8 Conclusion
References
5. Laser-Assisted Micromilling (LAMM): Process and Applications
M. Sivakumar, S. Jayanth, S. Shriram and J. Jerald
5.1 Introduction
5.2 Laser-Assisted Micromilling Process
5.2.1 Micromilling Process
5.2.2 Laser-Assisted Micromilling (LAMM)
5.2.2.1 Construction and Working of LAMM
5.2.3 Type of Lasers Used in LAMM
5.2.3.1 Nd:YAG Laser
5.2.3.2 CO2 Laser in LAMM
5.2.4 Thermal Analysis
5.2.4.1 Temperature Increases due to Laser Heating
5.2.4.2 Temperature Increases due to Plastic Deformation
5.3 Effect of Parameters on LAMM
5.3.1 Effect of Cutting Speed on LAMM
5.3.2 Effect of Chip Thickness on LAMM
5.4 Applications of Laser-Assisted Micromilling (LAMM)
References
6. Removing Algae and Moss Growth on Compressed Stabilized Earth Block Wall Surface by Laser Cleaning
Vinod B. R. and K.R. Ashwini
6.1 Introduction
6.2 Background
6.3 Research Objectives
6.4 Research Gap
6.5 Literature Review
6.5.1 The Use of Compressed Stabilized Earth Blocks
6.6 Algae and Moss Growth on CSEB Wall Surfaces
6.6.1 Algae Identification on Compressed Stabilized Earth Block Wall Surface
6.6.2 Moss Growth on Compressed Stabilized Earth Block Wall Surface
6.6.3 Influence of Algae and Moss Growth Contamination on Compressed Stabilized Earth Block Wall Surface Properties
6.7 Laser Cleaning Technology
6.8 Dry Laser Cleaning Method
6.9 Liquid-Based Laser Cleaning
6.10 Impact of Laser Cleaning on the Surrounding Environment
6.11 Practical Applications
Future Study
Results and Discussion
Summary
Conclusion
References
7. A Review of the Effects of Laser Cleaning on the Development of Corrosion and the Removal of Rust in Steel Bridges in Marine Environments
Vinod B. R. and Swetha G. A.
7.1 Introduction
7.2 Corrosion Development
7.3 Rust Removal from Steel Bridges in Marine Climates
7.4 Effectiveness of Laser Cleaning in Rust Removal from Steel Bridges in Marine Climates
7.5 Background and Significance of Corrosion in Steel Bridges under Marine Climate
7.5.1 Background
7.5.2 Significance
7.6 Overview of Current Rust Removal Methods
7.6.1 Mechanical Rust Removal Methods
7.6.2 Chemical Rust Removal Methods
7.6.3 Electrochemical Rust Removal Methods
7.7 The Potential of Laser Cleaning as an Alternative Method
7.8 History of Laser Cleaning
7.9 Benefits of Laser Cleaning
7.10 Applications of Laser Cleaning
7.11 Review of Literature
7.12 Research Gaps
7.13 Research Objectives
7.14 Corrosion Development in Steel Bridges Under Marine Climate
7.15 Corrosion of Steel Bridges in Marine Climates
7.16 Preventative Measures
7.17 Factors Influencing Corrosion Development
7.18 Mechanisms of Corrosion in Steel Structures Exposed to the Marine Environment
7.19 The Marine Environment
7.20 Types of Corrosion
7.21 Mitigation of Corrosion
7.22 Case Studies of Corrosion in Steel Bridges Under Marine Climate
7.23 Rust Removal Methods for Steel Bridges
7.24 Traditional Methods: Mechanical, Chemical, and Abrasive Methods
7.24.1 Mechanical Rust Removal
7.24.2 Chemical Rust Removal
7.24.3 Abrasive Rust Removal
7.25 Laser Cleaning as a Potential Rust Removal Method
7.25.1 Principles of Laser Cleaning
7.25.2 Advantages of Laser Cleaning
7.25.3 Disadvantages of Laser Cleaning
7.25.4 Steps Involved in Laser Cleaning
7.25.5 Advantages and Disadvantages of Laser Cleaning Compared with Traditional Methods
7.26 Challenges and Future Research Directions
7.26.1 Challenges in Applying Laser Cleaning for Rust Removal in Steel Bridges
7.27 The Effects of the Marine Environment on Laser Cleaning
7.28 Safety Considerations
7.29 Difficulties of Working in a Confined Space
7.30 Potential Benefits of Laser Cleaning
7.31 Future Advancements
7.32 Future Research Directions to Optimize Laser Cleaning Applications for Steel Bridges Under Marine Climate
7.33 Conclusion
7.34 Summary of Key Findings
7.35 Implications and Future Directions for Research and Practice
References
8. Laser-Assisted Machining: Its Capability and Future
Sandip Kunar, K. Vijetha, Adduri S. S. M. Sitaramamurty, Chanchal Biswas, S. Tripathy, Jagadeesha T. and Sujana Nowshin
8.1 Introduction
8.2 Laser-Assisted Machining
8.3 LAM of Ceramics
8.4 LAM of Advanced Materials
8.5 LAM of Metal Matrix Composites
8.6 Laser-Assisted Micromilling and Macromilling
8.7 Future Prospect
References
9. A Review of the Applications of the Laser Crack Measurement for White Topping Road
Vinod B. R. and K.R. Ashwini
9.1 Introduction
9.2 Background
9.3 Laser Crack Measurement System
9.3.1 Limitations
9.3.2 Merits
9.3.3 Demerits
9.3.4 Crack Types
9.3.5 Detection and Classification Technique
9.3.6 Components, Types, and Subfields of the Laser Crack Measurement System
9.3.7 Components
9.3.8 Types
9.3.9 Subfields
9.4 Research Objectives
9.5 Research Gap
9.6 Literature Review
9.7 Practical Applications
9.8 Different Types of Laser Crack Measurement Systems
9.9 Performance
9.10 System Overview
9.11 Overview of Laser Crack Measurement System in White Topping Road and Its Subfields
9.12 Experimental Process
9.12.1 The Flowchart of the Method of Detection of Cracks in White Topping Surface Using the Laser Crack Measurement System
9.13 Generation of the Pavement Crack Skeleton Using the Laser Crack Measurement System
9.13.1 Calculation of Pavement Crack-Shape Parameters Using the Laser Crack Measurement System
9.14 Existing System Works
9.15 Future Study
9.16 Results and Discussion
9.17 Summary
9.18 Conclusion
References
10. Characterization of Tensile and Impact Properties of Fabricated AlSi10Mg by Selective Laser Melting Technique
Sibabrata Mohanty, Ajit Kumar Senapati, Gopal Krusha Mohanty and Debesh Mishra
10.1 Introduction
10.2 Material and Methods
10.2.1 Physical and Chemical Properties of AlSi10Mg Powder
10.2.2 Machine Specification
10.2.3 Process Parameters
10.2.4 Process of Manufacturing in SLS
10.3 Result and Discussion
10.3.1 Tensile Strength
10.3.2 Charpy Testing
10.3.3 Microstructure and Microhardness
10.3.4 Fractography of the Tensile Sample
10.4 Conclusion
References
11. The Developments and Retrospect of Water–Laser Machining Technology: An Overview
Pravin Pawar, Amaresh Kumar and Raj Ballav
11.1 Introduction
11.2 Historical Background
11.3 Waterjet-Guided Laser Machining Process
11.3.1 Working Principle of the Waterjet-Guided Laser Machining Process
11.3.2 Advantages of the Waterjet-Guided Laser Machining Process
11.3.3 Applications of the Waterjet-Guided Laser Machining Process
11.3.4 Review of Literature on Waterjet-Guided Laser Machining Process
11.4 Waterjet-Assisted Laser Machining Process
11.4.1 Working Principle of the Waterjet-Assisted Laser Machining Process
11.4.2 Advantages of the Waterjet-Assisted Laser Machining Process
11.4.3 Disadvantages of the Waterjet-Assisted Laser Machining Process
11.4.4 Applications of the Waterjet-Assisted Laser Machining Process
11.4.5 Review of the Literature on Waterjet-Assisted Laser Machining Process
11.5 The Underwater Laser Machining Process
11.5.1 Working Principle of the Underwater Laser Machining Process
11.5.2 Advantages of the Underwater Laser Machining Process
11.5.3 Applications of the Underwater Laser Machining Process
11.5.4 Review of the Literature on Underwater Laser Machining Process
11.6 Research Summary on the Water–Laser Machining Process
11.7 Conclusion
References
12. Laser Welding of Aluminum Alloys
Prerona Saha, Abhishek Ghosh, Kalyan Das, Uttam Kumar Murmu, Sandip Kunar and Manojit Ghosh
12.1 Introduction
12.1.1 Basic Description of Al Alloys
12.1.2 Why Laser Welding?
12.1.3 Problems Faced by Al Alloys During Laser Welding
12.1.4 Examples of Dissimilar Material Laser Welding and Their Characteristics
12.1.5 Aims of the Book Chapter
12.2 Laser Welding Processes of Wrought Aluminum Alloys
12.3 Process Variables
12.4 Microstructures of Different Laser-Welded Al Alloys
12.5 Mechanical Properties of Laser-Welded Al Alloys
12.6 Defects and Remedies
12.7 Conclusion
References
13. Laser-Assisted Grinding and Milling
A. C. Uma Maheshwer Rao
13.1 Introduction
13.2 High-Strength Materials
13.2.1 Superalloys
13.2.2 Ceramic Materials
13.2.3 Nickel Based Alloys
13.3 Laser-Assisted Machining
13.4 Laser-Assisted Grinding
13.4.1 The Mechanism of LAG in Ceramic Material
13.5 Laser-Induced Wet Grinding
13.6 Process Parameters in LAG
13.6.1 Effect of Laser Scan Speed and Laser Line Span on LAG
13.6.2 Effect of Laser Input Energy on LAG
13.6.3 Microstructural Variations During LAM
13.6.4 The Heat-Affected Zone (HAZ) and Its Effect on LAM
13.7 Modes of LAG
13.8 Laser-Assisted Milling
13.9 Conclusion
References
14. Trends in Laser-Assisted Hybrid Machining to Enhance the Performance Quality of Electrical Discharge Machining Process: Opportunities and Challenges
S. Tripathy, D.K. Tripathy and S.R. Biswal
14.1 Introduction
14.2 Research Trends in Laser-Assisted Machining
14.2.1 Laser Dr illing and High-Speed EDM
14.2.2 Laser-Assisted Premachining for Making Holes Using Micro-EDM
14.2.3 Production of Electrical Discharge Machining Electrodes Using Laser-Assisted Machining
14.2.3.1 Laser Cladding
14.2.3.2 Selective Laser Sintering
14.2.3.3 Direct Metal Laser Sintering for EDM Electrodes
14.3 Optimization Techniques for Improving the Performance of EDM Electrodes
14.4 Conclusion
References
15. Laser Welding of Thin Ferrous Sheets with Ferrous and Non-Ferrous Sheets
Dhanraj B. Waghmare and Partha Saha
15.1 Introduction
15.2 Autogenous Laser Welding of Similar and Different Ferrous Alloys
15.2.1 Stainless Steel
15.2.2 Galvanized Steels
15.2.3 Dissimilar Ferrous Materials
15.3 Laser Welding of Different Ferrous and Non-Ferrous Materials
15.3.1 Autogenous Dissimilar Welding
15.3.2 Dissimilar Welding with Filler Material
15.4 Conclusions
15.5 Future Scope
References
16. Laser Cutting, Drilling, and Piercing
Yajush Walia, Roopak Varshney and Param Singh
16.1 Introduction to Laser Beam Machining
16.1.1 Production of Lasers
16.1.2 Laser Beam Machining Main Parts
16.1.3 Applications of Laser Beam
16.1.4 Different Types of Lasers
16.2 Laser Beam Drilling
16.2.1 Laser Beam Drilling Involves a Variety of Drilling Techniques
16.2.2 Drilling Techniques
16.2.2.1 Percussion Laser Beam Drilling
16.2.2.2 Trepanning
16.2.2.3 Helical Laser Drilling
16.2.2.4 Multi-Laser Beam Drilling
16.2.2.5 Mask Drilling
16.2.3 Laser Beam Drilling Equations
16.2.4 How Does Light Work to Drill a Hole?
16.3 Laser Beam Piercing
16.3.1 Types of Laser Beam Piercing
16.4 Laser Beam Cutting
16.4.1 Types of Laser Beam Cutting
16.5 Laser Beam Welding
16.6 Laser Beam Marking
16.7 Laser Beam Milling
References
17. Femtosecond Laser Machining
Jagadeesha T. and Sandip Kunar
17.1 Introduction
17.2 Literature Review
17.3 Fundamental Principles of Femtosecond Laser Micromachining
17.3.1 Definition and Explanation of Femtosecond Laser Micromachining
17.3.2 Advantages and Limitations of Femtosecond Laser Micromachining Compared with Other Micromachining Techniques
17.3.3 Limitations
17.3.4 Applications of Femtosecond Laser Micromachining in Various Industries
17.4 Femtosecond Laser Principles
17.4.1 Femtosecond Laser Pulse Generation
17.4.2 Laser–Matter Interaction Mechanism in Femtosecond Laser Micromachining
17.4.3 Laser Parameters That Affect the Micromachining Process
17.5 Material Interaction and Microfabrication
17.5.1 Effects of Laser Parameters on the Micromachined Material
17.5.2 Explanation of the Mechanism of Material Ablation in Femtosecond Laser Micromachining
17.5.3 Analysis of the Factors Affecting the Material Removal Rate
17.5.4 Discussion of the Microfabrication Capabilities of Femtosecond Laser Micromachining
17.6 Femtosecond Laser Micromachining Techniques
17.6.1 Advantages and Disadvantages of Each Technique
17.6.2 Comparison of the Results Obtained from Different Micromachining Techniques
17.7 Femtosecond Laser Micromachining Applications
17.7.1 Applications of Femtosecond Laser Micromachining in the Field of Microelectronics
17.7.2 Applications of Femtosecond Laser Micromachining in the Medical
and Biological Fields
17.7.3 Applications of Femtosecond Laser Micromachining in the Field of Materials Science
17.8 Conclusion
17.9 Future Potential and Limitations of Femtosecond Laser Micromachining
17.10 Suggestions for Further Research in the Field of Femtosecond Laser Micromachining
References
18. Fundamentals of Laser Welding
Jagadeesha T., Sandip Kunar and Prasenjit Chatterjee
18.1 Introduction
18.1.1 Definition
18.1.2 Advantages of Laser Welding
18.1.3 Applications of Laser Welding
18.2 Process of Laser Welding
18.2.1 Overview of the Laser Welding Process
18.2.2 Types of Lasers Used in Laser Welding
18.2.3 Welding Techniques and Parameters
18.3 Materials and Joint Designs for Laser Welding
18.3.1 Suitable Materials for Laser Welding
18.3.2 Joint Design Considerations
18.3.3 Welding Quality and Inspection Methods
18.4 Equipment and Safety in Laser Welding
18.4.1 Laser Welding Equipment
18.4.2 Safety Considerations
18.4.3 Personal Protective Equipment
18.5 Conclusions
18.5.1 Summary of Key Points
18.5.2 Future Developments in Laser Welding
18.5.3 Final Thoughts and Recommendations
References
19. High-Power Laser in Material Processing Applications
Jagadeesha T. and Sandip Kunar
19.1 Introduction
19.2 Literature Review
19.3 The Use of High-Power Diode Lasers in the Industry for Material Processing
19.3.1 Diode Laser Technology
19.3.2 Diode Laser System with a High-Power Output
19.3.3 Industrial Diode Laser Application
19.4 Transversal Flow with High-Power CW-CO2 Laser
19.4.1 Laser Power Scaling in TFTE Laser
19.4.2 Laser System
19.4.3 Programmable SMPS Design
19.5 Characteristics of the Optical and Thermal Performance of the SLM Used in Material Processing Applications
19.5.1 Experimental Details
19.5.2 Results
19.6 Recent Development in High-Power Lasers
19.6.1 Nd:YAG Lasers
19.6.2 High-Power Thin Disc Laser
19.6.3 Fiber Laser
19.6.4 Ultrafast Laser
19.7 Laser–Material Interaction
19.7.1 Fundamental Laser Radiation Absorption Mechanism in Materials
19.7.2 Beam Spatial Properties on Laser–Material Interaction
19.7.3 Influence of the Laser Pulse Duration on Laser–Material Interaction
19.7.4 Material Removal Mechanism During Laser–Material Interaction
19.8 Conclusions
References
20. Hybrid Laser Electrochemical Micromachining
Jagadeesha T. and Sandip Kunar
20.1 Introduction
20.1.1 Definition of Hybrid Laser Electrochemical Micromachining
20.1.2 Significance of Hybrid Laser Electrochemical Micromachining
20.1.3 Pros and Cons over Other Micromachining Processes
20.2 Literature Review
20.3 Principles of Laser and Electrochemical Micromachining
20.3.1 Energy and Material Transport During the Process
20.4 Laser Parameters
20.4.1 Electrochemical Parameters
20.4.2 Microelectronics, Microfluidics, and Biomedical Applications
20.5 Experimental Investigation of a Tool-Based Hybrid Laser Electrochemical Micromachining (HLECM) Process
20.5.1 Hybrid Tooling Concept for Coaxial and Concurrent Applications
20.6 Technical Challenges and Limitations
20.6.1 Challenges in Process Control and Monitoring
20.7 Conclusions
20.7.1 Current and Future Aspects
20.7.2 Development in the Area of Hybrid Laser Electrochemical Micromachining
References
21. Introduction to Solid-State Lasers
Jagadeesha T. and Sandip Kunar
21.1 Introduction
21.2 Innovations on Solid-State Lasers
21.2.1 Atomic Transitions and Radiation Exchange Energy
21.2.2 Absorption and Optical Gain
21.2.3 Optical Pumping System
21.2.4 Energy Storage
21.2.5 Wavelength Tuning
21.2.6 Pulse Generation
21.3 Solid-State Laser Materials Property
21.3.1 Host Material
21.4 Types of Solid-State Laser
21.4.1 Ruby Laser
21.4.2 Nd:YAG Laser
21.4.3 Ti:Sapphire Laser
21.5 Comparison of SSLs with Other Lasers
21.6 Application of Solid-State Lasers
21.7 Future Scope of Solid-State Lasers
21.8 Summary
References
22. Laser Micro- and Nanoprocessing
Jagadeesha T., Sandip Kunar and Prasenjit Chatterjee
22.1 Introduction
22.1.1 Definition
22.2 Literature Review
22.3 Fundamental Aspects
22.4 Laser Processing
22.5 Micromachining
22.6 Nanomachining
22.7 Drilling and Cutting
22.8 Manufacture of Microdevices and Systems
22.9 Synthesis of Advanced Materials
22.10 Nano- and Microparticles
22.11 Applications
22.12 Photochemistry
22.13 Glass Processing
22.14 Ceramic Processing
22.15 Conclusion
References
23. Waterjet-Guided Laser Cutting Technology
Jagadeesha T. and Sandip Kunar
23.1 Introduction
23.2 Literature Review
23.3 Waterjet Machining
23.3.1 Applications of WJM
23.3.2 Advantages
23.3.3 Disadvantages
23.4 Laser Beam Machining
23.4.1 Advantages
23.4.2 Disadvantages
23.4.3 Applications
23.5 Water-Guided Laser Jet Machining
23.5.1 Working Principle
23.5.2 Metal Removal Rate
23.5.3 Process Parameters
23.5.4 Advantages of Water-Guided Laser Machining
23.5.5 Disadvantages of Water-Guided Laser Machining
23.5.6 Applications
23.6 Conclusion
References
24. Fundamentals of Laser Machining
Jagadeesha T. and Sandip Kunar
24.1 Introduction
24.2 Lasing Action and Population Inversion
24.2.1 Absorption
24.2.2 Spontaneous Emission
24.2.3 Stimulated or Induced Emission
24.3 Methods to Achieve Population Inversion
24.3.1 Optical Pumping
24.3.2 Direct Electron Excitation (Argon Laser)
24.3.3 Inelastic Atom–Atom Collisions (Helium–Neon Laser)
24.4 Types of Lasers
24.4.1 Solid-State Lasers
24.4.2 CO2 Gas Laser
24.5 Applications of LBM
24.5.1 Laser Drilling
24.5.2 Laser Cutting
24.5.3 Laser Welding
24.5.4 Laser Heat Treatment
24.5.5 Laser Cladding
24.5.6 Laser Scribing
24.5.7 Controlled Fracture
24.5.8 Laser Trimming
24.6 Advantages of LBM
24.7 Disadvantages of LBM
24.8 Comparison between EBM and LBM
References
25. Opportunities and Challenges in Laser Bending
Omkumar M. and Saravanan R.
25.1 Introduction
25.2 Laser Straightening
25.3 Laser Adjustments
25.4 Laser Bending of Tube
25.5 Mechanisms
25.5.1 The Mechanism for Thermal Gradients
25.5.2 Point-Source Mechanism
25.5.3 Buckling Mechanism
25.5.4 Upsetting Mechanism
25.5.5 Coupling Mechanism
25.6 Extended Applications
25.7 Challenges in Laser Bending
25.8 Laser Bending for Brittle Material
25.9 Summary
References
26. Laser Cleaning and Its Advancements
Omkumar M. and Saravanan R.
26.1 Introduction
26.2 Pulsed Laser Cleaning
26.3 Continuous Wave Laser Cleaning
26.4 Q-Switched Laser Cleaning
26.5 Fiber Laser Cleaning
26.6 CO2 Laser Cleaning
26.7 Nd:YAG (Neodymium-Doped Yttrium Aluminum Garnet) Laser Cleaning
26.8 Visual Monitoring Methods
26.9 Ultraspeed Cleaning Application
26.10 Challenging Cleaning Applications
26.11 Laser Cleaning in Medical Applications
26.12 Summary
References
Index
Back to Top
Preface
Acknowledgments
1. Introduction to Laser-Assisted Machining
Sandip Kunar, K. Vijetha, Jagadeesha T., Abhishek Ghosh, S. Rama Sree, Prasenjit Chatterjee, Sreenivasa Reddy Medapati and Nabankur Mandal
1.1 Introduction
1.2 Laser-Assisted Machining—Overview
1.3 Machining of Advanced Materials
1.3.1 Titanium Alloys
1.3.2 Nickel-Based Alloys
1.3.3 Ceramics
1.3.4 Ferrous Alloys
1.3.5 Composites
1.4 Machining Requirements
1.5 Tools to be Used
1.6 Lasers for Machining
1.7 Machining Requirements
1.8 Conclusion
References
2. Laser Welding in Manufacturing Applications
P. Sivasankaran
2.1 Introduction
2.2 Research Advancements in Laser Welding
2.2.1 Process Variables in Advanced Laser Welding Techniques
2.3 Types of Laser Welding
2.3.1 Combining Laser Welding with Different Weld Methods
2.4 Advantages of Laser Welding Processes
2.5 Conclusion
2.6 Future Scope of Work
References
3. Laser-Assisted Machining for Advanced Materials
Sandip Kunar, Abhishek Ghosh, Rajesh Kumar, D.V. Janaki, Jagadeesha T., Norfazillah Talib, K.V.S.R. Murthy, Sreenivasa Reddy Medapati and Prasenjit Chatterjee
3.1 Introduction
3.2 Laser-Assisted Machining Technology
3.3 Laser-Assisted Machining of Advanced Materials
3.3.1 Nickel-Based Superalloy
3.3.2 Titanium and Its Alloys
3.3.3 Metal Matrix Composites
3.3.4 Composite Materials
3.3.5 Ceramics
3.3.6 Nickel Alloys
3.3.7 Ferrous Alloys
3.4 Laser Applications for Machining
3.5 Conclusions
3.6 Future Scope of LAM
References
4. Optimization of Laser Cutting Parameters Using the Taguchi Approach
Ranjith Raj A., Senthamarai Kannan C. and Sivaramapandian J.
4.1 Introduction
4.2 Literature Survey
4.3 Methodology
4.4 Experimental Study
4.5 SN vs. Responses
4.6 Mean Plot
4.7 Discussion
4.8 Conclusion
References
5. Laser-Assisted Micromilling (LAMM): Process and Applications
M. Sivakumar, S. Jayanth, S. Shriram and J. Jerald
5.1 Introduction
5.2 Laser-Assisted Micromilling Process
5.2.1 Micromilling Process
5.2.2 Laser-Assisted Micromilling (LAMM)
5.2.2.1 Construction and Working of LAMM
5.2.3 Type of Lasers Used in LAMM
5.2.3.1 Nd:YAG Laser
5.2.3.2 CO2 Laser in LAMM
5.2.4 Thermal Analysis
5.2.4.1 Temperature Increases due to Laser Heating
5.2.4.2 Temperature Increases due to Plastic Deformation
5.3 Effect of Parameters on LAMM
5.3.1 Effect of Cutting Speed on LAMM
5.3.2 Effect of Chip Thickness on LAMM
5.4 Applications of Laser-Assisted Micromilling (LAMM)
References
6. Removing Algae and Moss Growth on Compressed Stabilized Earth Block Wall Surface by Laser Cleaning
Vinod B. R. and K.R. Ashwini
6.1 Introduction
6.2 Background
6.3 Research Objectives
6.4 Research Gap
6.5 Literature Review
6.5.1 The Use of Compressed Stabilized Earth Blocks
6.6 Algae and Moss Growth on CSEB Wall Surfaces
6.6.1 Algae Identification on Compressed Stabilized Earth Block Wall Surface
6.6.2 Moss Growth on Compressed Stabilized Earth Block Wall Surface
6.6.3 Influence of Algae and Moss Growth Contamination on Compressed Stabilized Earth Block Wall Surface Properties
6.7 Laser Cleaning Technology
6.8 Dry Laser Cleaning Method
6.9 Liquid-Based Laser Cleaning
6.10 Impact of Laser Cleaning on the Surrounding Environment
6.11 Practical Applications
Future Study
Results and Discussion
Summary
Conclusion
References
7. A Review of the Effects of Laser Cleaning on the Development of Corrosion and the Removal of Rust in Steel Bridges in Marine Environments
Vinod B. R. and Swetha G. A.
7.1 Introduction
7.2 Corrosion Development
7.3 Rust Removal from Steel Bridges in Marine Climates
7.4 Effectiveness of Laser Cleaning in Rust Removal from Steel Bridges in Marine Climates
7.5 Background and Significance of Corrosion in Steel Bridges under Marine Climate
7.5.1 Background
7.5.2 Significance
7.6 Overview of Current Rust Removal Methods
7.6.1 Mechanical Rust Removal Methods
7.6.2 Chemical Rust Removal Methods
7.6.3 Electrochemical Rust Removal Methods
7.7 The Potential of Laser Cleaning as an Alternative Method
7.8 History of Laser Cleaning
7.9 Benefits of Laser Cleaning
7.10 Applications of Laser Cleaning
7.11 Review of Literature
7.12 Research Gaps
7.13 Research Objectives
7.14 Corrosion Development in Steel Bridges Under Marine Climate
7.15 Corrosion of Steel Bridges in Marine Climates
7.16 Preventative Measures
7.17 Factors Influencing Corrosion Development
7.18 Mechanisms of Corrosion in Steel Structures Exposed to the Marine Environment
7.19 The Marine Environment
7.20 Types of Corrosion
7.21 Mitigation of Corrosion
7.22 Case Studies of Corrosion in Steel Bridges Under Marine Climate
7.23 Rust Removal Methods for Steel Bridges
7.24 Traditional Methods: Mechanical, Chemical, and Abrasive Methods
7.24.1 Mechanical Rust Removal
7.24.2 Chemical Rust Removal
7.24.3 Abrasive Rust Removal
7.25 Laser Cleaning as a Potential Rust Removal Method
7.25.1 Principles of Laser Cleaning
7.25.2 Advantages of Laser Cleaning
7.25.3 Disadvantages of Laser Cleaning
7.25.4 Steps Involved in Laser Cleaning
7.25.5 Advantages and Disadvantages of Laser Cleaning Compared with Traditional Methods
7.26 Challenges and Future Research Directions
7.26.1 Challenges in Applying Laser Cleaning for Rust Removal in Steel Bridges
7.27 The Effects of the Marine Environment on Laser Cleaning
7.28 Safety Considerations
7.29 Difficulties of Working in a Confined Space
7.30 Potential Benefits of Laser Cleaning
7.31 Future Advancements
7.32 Future Research Directions to Optimize Laser Cleaning Applications for Steel Bridges Under Marine Climate
7.33 Conclusion
7.34 Summary of Key Findings
7.35 Implications and Future Directions for Research and Practice
References
8. Laser-Assisted Machining: Its Capability and Future
Sandip Kunar, K. Vijetha, Adduri S. S. M. Sitaramamurty, Chanchal Biswas, S. Tripathy, Jagadeesha T. and Sujana Nowshin
8.1 Introduction
8.2 Laser-Assisted Machining
8.3 LAM of Ceramics
8.4 LAM of Advanced Materials
8.5 LAM of Metal Matrix Composites
8.6 Laser-Assisted Micromilling and Macromilling
8.7 Future Prospect
References
9. A Review of the Applications of the Laser Crack Measurement for White Topping Road
Vinod B. R. and K.R. Ashwini
9.1 Introduction
9.2 Background
9.3 Laser Crack Measurement System
9.3.1 Limitations
9.3.2 Merits
9.3.3 Demerits
9.3.4 Crack Types
9.3.5 Detection and Classification Technique
9.3.6 Components, Types, and Subfields of the Laser Crack Measurement System
9.3.7 Components
9.3.8 Types
9.3.9 Subfields
9.4 Research Objectives
9.5 Research Gap
9.6 Literature Review
9.7 Practical Applications
9.8 Different Types of Laser Crack Measurement Systems
9.9 Performance
9.10 System Overview
9.11 Overview of Laser Crack Measurement System in White Topping Road and Its Subfields
9.12 Experimental Process
9.12.1 The Flowchart of the Method of Detection of Cracks in White Topping Surface Using the Laser Crack Measurement System
9.13 Generation of the Pavement Crack Skeleton Using the Laser Crack Measurement System
9.13.1 Calculation of Pavement Crack-Shape Parameters Using the Laser Crack Measurement System
9.14 Existing System Works
9.15 Future Study
9.16 Results and Discussion
9.17 Summary
9.18 Conclusion
References
10. Characterization of Tensile and Impact Properties of Fabricated AlSi10Mg by Selective Laser Melting Technique
Sibabrata Mohanty, Ajit Kumar Senapati, Gopal Krusha Mohanty and Debesh Mishra
10.1 Introduction
10.2 Material and Methods
10.2.1 Physical and Chemical Properties of AlSi10Mg Powder
10.2.2 Machine Specification
10.2.3 Process Parameters
10.2.4 Process of Manufacturing in SLS
10.3 Result and Discussion
10.3.1 Tensile Strength
10.3.2 Charpy Testing
10.3.3 Microstructure and Microhardness
10.3.4 Fractography of the Tensile Sample
10.4 Conclusion
References
11. The Developments and Retrospect of Water–Laser Machining Technology: An Overview
Pravin Pawar, Amaresh Kumar and Raj Ballav
11.1 Introduction
11.2 Historical Background
11.3 Waterjet-Guided Laser Machining Process
11.3.1 Working Principle of the Waterjet-Guided Laser Machining Process
11.3.2 Advantages of the Waterjet-Guided Laser Machining Process
11.3.3 Applications of the Waterjet-Guided Laser Machining Process
11.3.4 Review of Literature on Waterjet-Guided Laser Machining Process
11.4 Waterjet-Assisted Laser Machining Process
11.4.1 Working Principle of the Waterjet-Assisted Laser Machining Process
11.4.2 Advantages of the Waterjet-Assisted Laser Machining Process
11.4.3 Disadvantages of the Waterjet-Assisted Laser Machining Process
11.4.4 Applications of the Waterjet-Assisted Laser Machining Process
11.4.5 Review of the Literature on Waterjet-Assisted Laser Machining Process
11.5 The Underwater Laser Machining Process
11.5.1 Working Principle of the Underwater Laser Machining Process
11.5.2 Advantages of the Underwater Laser Machining Process
11.5.3 Applications of the Underwater Laser Machining Process
11.5.4 Review of the Literature on Underwater Laser Machining Process
11.6 Research Summary on the Water–Laser Machining Process
11.7 Conclusion
References
12. Laser Welding of Aluminum Alloys
Prerona Saha, Abhishek Ghosh, Kalyan Das, Uttam Kumar Murmu, Sandip Kunar and Manojit Ghosh
12.1 Introduction
12.1.1 Basic Description of Al Alloys
12.1.2 Why Laser Welding?
12.1.3 Problems Faced by Al Alloys During Laser Welding
12.1.4 Examples of Dissimilar Material Laser Welding and Their Characteristics
12.1.5 Aims of the Book Chapter
12.2 Laser Welding Processes of Wrought Aluminum Alloys
12.3 Process Variables
12.4 Microstructures of Different Laser-Welded Al Alloys
12.5 Mechanical Properties of Laser-Welded Al Alloys
12.6 Defects and Remedies
12.7 Conclusion
References
13. Laser-Assisted Grinding and Milling
A. C. Uma Maheshwer Rao
13.1 Introduction
13.2 High-Strength Materials
13.2.1 Superalloys
13.2.2 Ceramic Materials
13.2.3 Nickel Based Alloys
13.3 Laser-Assisted Machining
13.4 Laser-Assisted Grinding
13.4.1 The Mechanism of LAG in Ceramic Material
13.5 Laser-Induced Wet Grinding
13.6 Process Parameters in LAG
13.6.1 Effect of Laser Scan Speed and Laser Line Span on LAG
13.6.2 Effect of Laser Input Energy on LAG
13.6.3 Microstructural Variations During LAM
13.6.4 The Heat-Affected Zone (HAZ) and Its Effect on LAM
13.7 Modes of LAG
13.8 Laser-Assisted Milling
13.9 Conclusion
References
14. Trends in Laser-Assisted Hybrid Machining to Enhance the Performance Quality of Electrical Discharge Machining Process: Opportunities and Challenges
S. Tripathy, D.K. Tripathy and S.R. Biswal
14.1 Introduction
14.2 Research Trends in Laser-Assisted Machining
14.2.1 Laser Dr illing and High-Speed EDM
14.2.2 Laser-Assisted Premachining for Making Holes Using Micro-EDM
14.2.3 Production of Electrical Discharge Machining Electrodes Using Laser-Assisted Machining
14.2.3.1 Laser Cladding
14.2.3.2 Selective Laser Sintering
14.2.3.3 Direct Metal Laser Sintering for EDM Electrodes
14.3 Optimization Techniques for Improving the Performance of EDM Electrodes
14.4 Conclusion
References
15. Laser Welding of Thin Ferrous Sheets with Ferrous and Non-Ferrous Sheets
Dhanraj B. Waghmare and Partha Saha
15.1 Introduction
15.2 Autogenous Laser Welding of Similar and Different Ferrous Alloys
15.2.1 Stainless Steel
15.2.2 Galvanized Steels
15.2.3 Dissimilar Ferrous Materials
15.3 Laser Welding of Different Ferrous and Non-Ferrous Materials
15.3.1 Autogenous Dissimilar Welding
15.3.2 Dissimilar Welding with Filler Material
15.4 Conclusions
15.5 Future Scope
References
16. Laser Cutting, Drilling, and Piercing
Yajush Walia, Roopak Varshney and Param Singh
16.1 Introduction to Laser Beam Machining
16.1.1 Production of Lasers
16.1.2 Laser Beam Machining Main Parts
16.1.3 Applications of Laser Beam
16.1.4 Different Types of Lasers
16.2 Laser Beam Drilling
16.2.1 Laser Beam Drilling Involves a Variety of Drilling Techniques
16.2.2 Drilling Techniques
16.2.2.1 Percussion Laser Beam Drilling
16.2.2.2 Trepanning
16.2.2.3 Helical Laser Drilling
16.2.2.4 Multi-Laser Beam Drilling
16.2.2.5 Mask Drilling
16.2.3 Laser Beam Drilling Equations
16.2.4 How Does Light Work to Drill a Hole?
16.3 Laser Beam Piercing
16.3.1 Types of Laser Beam Piercing
16.4 Laser Beam Cutting
16.4.1 Types of Laser Beam Cutting
16.5 Laser Beam Welding
16.6 Laser Beam Marking
16.7 Laser Beam Milling
References
17. Femtosecond Laser Machining
Jagadeesha T. and Sandip Kunar
17.1 Introduction
17.2 Literature Review
17.3 Fundamental Principles of Femtosecond Laser Micromachining
17.3.1 Definition and Explanation of Femtosecond Laser Micromachining
17.3.2 Advantages and Limitations of Femtosecond Laser Micromachining Compared with Other Micromachining Techniques
17.3.3 Limitations
17.3.4 Applications of Femtosecond Laser Micromachining in Various Industries
17.4 Femtosecond Laser Principles
17.4.1 Femtosecond Laser Pulse Generation
17.4.2 Laser–Matter Interaction Mechanism in Femtosecond Laser Micromachining
17.4.3 Laser Parameters That Affect the Micromachining Process
17.5 Material Interaction and Microfabrication
17.5.1 Effects of Laser Parameters on the Micromachined Material
17.5.2 Explanation of the Mechanism of Material Ablation in Femtosecond Laser Micromachining
17.5.3 Analysis of the Factors Affecting the Material Removal Rate
17.5.4 Discussion of the Microfabrication Capabilities of Femtosecond Laser Micromachining
17.6 Femtosecond Laser Micromachining Techniques
17.6.1 Advantages and Disadvantages of Each Technique
17.6.2 Comparison of the Results Obtained from Different Micromachining Techniques
17.7 Femtosecond Laser Micromachining Applications
17.7.1 Applications of Femtosecond Laser Micromachining in the Field of Microelectronics
17.7.2 Applications of Femtosecond Laser Micromachining in the Medical
and Biological Fields
17.7.3 Applications of Femtosecond Laser Micromachining in the Field of Materials Science
17.8 Conclusion
17.9 Future Potential and Limitations of Femtosecond Laser Micromachining
17.10 Suggestions for Further Research in the Field of Femtosecond Laser Micromachining
References
18. Fundamentals of Laser Welding
Jagadeesha T., Sandip Kunar and Prasenjit Chatterjee
18.1 Introduction
18.1.1 Definition
18.1.2 Advantages of Laser Welding
18.1.3 Applications of Laser Welding
18.2 Process of Laser Welding
18.2.1 Overview of the Laser Welding Process
18.2.2 Types of Lasers Used in Laser Welding
18.2.3 Welding Techniques and Parameters
18.3 Materials and Joint Designs for Laser Welding
18.3.1 Suitable Materials for Laser Welding
18.3.2 Joint Design Considerations
18.3.3 Welding Quality and Inspection Methods
18.4 Equipment and Safety in Laser Welding
18.4.1 Laser Welding Equipment
18.4.2 Safety Considerations
18.4.3 Personal Protective Equipment
18.5 Conclusions
18.5.1 Summary of Key Points
18.5.2 Future Developments in Laser Welding
18.5.3 Final Thoughts and Recommendations
References
19. High-Power Laser in Material Processing Applications
Jagadeesha T. and Sandip Kunar
19.1 Introduction
19.2 Literature Review
19.3 The Use of High-Power Diode Lasers in the Industry for Material Processing
19.3.1 Diode Laser Technology
19.3.2 Diode Laser System with a High-Power Output
19.3.3 Industrial Diode Laser Application
19.4 Transversal Flow with High-Power CW-CO2 Laser
19.4.1 Laser Power Scaling in TFTE Laser
19.4.2 Laser System
19.4.3 Programmable SMPS Design
19.5 Characteristics of the Optical and Thermal Performance of the SLM Used in Material Processing Applications
19.5.1 Experimental Details
19.5.2 Results
19.6 Recent Development in High-Power Lasers
19.6.1 Nd:YAG Lasers
19.6.2 High-Power Thin Disc Laser
19.6.3 Fiber Laser
19.6.4 Ultrafast Laser
19.7 Laser–Material Interaction
19.7.1 Fundamental Laser Radiation Absorption Mechanism in Materials
19.7.2 Beam Spatial Properties on Laser–Material Interaction
19.7.3 Influence of the Laser Pulse Duration on Laser–Material Interaction
19.7.4 Material Removal Mechanism During Laser–Material Interaction
19.8 Conclusions
References
20. Hybrid Laser Electrochemical Micromachining
Jagadeesha T. and Sandip Kunar
20.1 Introduction
20.1.1 Definition of Hybrid Laser Electrochemical Micromachining
20.1.2 Significance of Hybrid Laser Electrochemical Micromachining
20.1.3 Pros and Cons over Other Micromachining Processes
20.2 Literature Review
20.3 Principles of Laser and Electrochemical Micromachining
20.3.1 Energy and Material Transport During the Process
20.4 Laser Parameters
20.4.1 Electrochemical Parameters
20.4.2 Microelectronics, Microfluidics, and Biomedical Applications
20.5 Experimental Investigation of a Tool-Based Hybrid Laser Electrochemical Micromachining (HLECM) Process
20.5.1 Hybrid Tooling Concept for Coaxial and Concurrent Applications
20.6 Technical Challenges and Limitations
20.6.1 Challenges in Process Control and Monitoring
20.7 Conclusions
20.7.1 Current and Future Aspects
20.7.2 Development in the Area of Hybrid Laser Electrochemical Micromachining
References
21. Introduction to Solid-State Lasers
Jagadeesha T. and Sandip Kunar
21.1 Introduction
21.2 Innovations on Solid-State Lasers
21.2.1 Atomic Transitions and Radiation Exchange Energy
21.2.2 Absorption and Optical Gain
21.2.3 Optical Pumping System
21.2.4 Energy Storage
21.2.5 Wavelength Tuning
21.2.6 Pulse Generation
21.3 Solid-State Laser Materials Property
21.3.1 Host Material
21.4 Types of Solid-State Laser
21.4.1 Ruby Laser
21.4.2 Nd:YAG Laser
21.4.3 Ti:Sapphire Laser
21.5 Comparison of SSLs with Other Lasers
21.6 Application of Solid-State Lasers
21.7 Future Scope of Solid-State Lasers
21.8 Summary
References
22. Laser Micro- and Nanoprocessing
Jagadeesha T., Sandip Kunar and Prasenjit Chatterjee
22.1 Introduction
22.1.1 Definition
22.2 Literature Review
22.3 Fundamental Aspects
22.4 Laser Processing
22.5 Micromachining
22.6 Nanomachining
22.7 Drilling and Cutting
22.8 Manufacture of Microdevices and Systems
22.9 Synthesis of Advanced Materials
22.10 Nano- and Microparticles
22.11 Applications
22.12 Photochemistry
22.13 Glass Processing
22.14 Ceramic Processing
22.15 Conclusion
References
23. Waterjet-Guided Laser Cutting Technology
Jagadeesha T. and Sandip Kunar
23.1 Introduction
23.2 Literature Review
23.3 Waterjet Machining
23.3.1 Applications of WJM
23.3.2 Advantages
23.3.3 Disadvantages
23.4 Laser Beam Machining
23.4.1 Advantages
23.4.2 Disadvantages
23.4.3 Applications
23.5 Water-Guided Laser Jet Machining
23.5.1 Working Principle
23.5.2 Metal Removal Rate
23.5.3 Process Parameters
23.5.4 Advantages of Water-Guided Laser Machining
23.5.5 Disadvantages of Water-Guided Laser Machining
23.5.6 Applications
23.6 Conclusion
References
24. Fundamentals of Laser Machining
Jagadeesha T. and Sandip Kunar
24.1 Introduction
24.2 Lasing Action and Population Inversion
24.2.1 Absorption
24.2.2 Spontaneous Emission
24.2.3 Stimulated or Induced Emission
24.3 Methods to Achieve Population Inversion
24.3.1 Optical Pumping
24.3.2 Direct Electron Excitation (Argon Laser)
24.3.3 Inelastic Atom–Atom Collisions (Helium–Neon Laser)
24.4 Types of Lasers
24.4.1 Solid-State Lasers
24.4.2 CO2 Gas Laser
24.5 Applications of LBM
24.5.1 Laser Drilling
24.5.2 Laser Cutting
24.5.3 Laser Welding
24.5.4 Laser Heat Treatment
24.5.5 Laser Cladding
24.5.6 Laser Scribing
24.5.7 Controlled Fracture
24.5.8 Laser Trimming
24.6 Advantages of LBM
24.7 Disadvantages of LBM
24.8 Comparison between EBM and LBM
References
25. Opportunities and Challenges in Laser Bending
Omkumar M. and Saravanan R.
25.1 Introduction
25.2 Laser Straightening
25.3 Laser Adjustments
25.4 Laser Bending of Tube
25.5 Mechanisms
25.5.1 The Mechanism for Thermal Gradients
25.5.2 Point-Source Mechanism
25.5.3 Buckling Mechanism
25.5.4 Upsetting Mechanism
25.5.5 Coupling Mechanism
25.6 Extended Applications
25.7 Challenges in Laser Bending
25.8 Laser Bending for Brittle Material
25.9 Summary
References
26. Laser Cleaning and Its Advancements
Omkumar M. and Saravanan R.
26.1 Introduction
26.2 Pulsed Laser Cleaning
26.3 Continuous Wave Laser Cleaning
26.4 Q-Switched Laser Cleaning
26.5 Fiber Laser Cleaning
26.6 CO2 Laser Cleaning
26.7 Nd:YAG (Neodymium-Doped Yttrium Aluminum Garnet) Laser Cleaning
26.8 Visual Monitoring Methods
26.9 Ultraspeed Cleaning Application
26.10 Challenging Cleaning Applications
26.11 Laser Cleaning in Medical Applications
26.12 Summary
References
Index
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