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Submit a ProposalFerroic Materials-Based Technologies
 | Edited by Inamuddin, Tariq Altalhi and Mohammad Abu Jafar Mazumder Copyright: 2024 | Status: Published ISBN: 9781394238156 | Hardcover | 348 pages Price: $225 USD  |
One Line Description
The book addresses the prospective, relevant, and original research developments in the ferroelectric, magnetic, and multiferroic fields.
Audience
The book will interest materials scientists, physicists, and engineers working in ferroic and multiferroic materials.
The book will interest materials scientists, physicists, and engineers working in ferroic and multiferroic materials.
Description
Ferroic materials have sparked widespread attention because they represent a broad spectrum of elementary physics and are employed in a plethora of fields, including flexible memory, enormous energy harvesting/storage, spintronic functionalities, spin caloritronics, and a large range of other multi-functional devices.
With the application of new ferroic materials, strong room-temperature ferroelectricity with high saturation polarization may be established in ferroelectric materials, and magnetism with significant magnetization can be accomplished in magnetic materials. Furthermore, magnetoelectric interaction between ferroelectric and magnetic orderings is high in multiferroic materials, which could enable a wide range of innovative devices. Magnetic, ferroelectric, and multiferroic 2D materials with ultrathin characteristics above ambient temperature are often expected to enable future miniaturization of electronics beyond Moore’s law for energy-efficient nanodevices. This book addresses the prospective, relevant, and original research developments in the ferroelectric, magnetic, and multiferroic fields.
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Ferroic materials have sparked widespread attention because they represent a broad spectrum of elementary physics and are employed in a plethora of fields, including flexible memory, enormous energy harvesting/storage, spintronic functionalities, spin caloritronics, and a large range of other multi-functional devices.
With the application of new ferroic materials, strong room-temperature ferroelectricity with high saturation polarization may be established in ferroelectric materials, and magnetism with significant magnetization can be accomplished in magnetic materials. Furthermore, magnetoelectric interaction between ferroelectric and magnetic orderings is high in multiferroic materials, which could enable a wide range of innovative devices. Magnetic, ferroelectric, and multiferroic 2D materials with ultrathin characteristics above ambient temperature are often expected to enable future miniaturization of electronics beyond Moore’s law for energy-efficient nanodevices. This book addresses the prospective, relevant, and original research developments in the ferroelectric, magnetic, and multiferroic fields.
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Author / Editor Details
Inamuddin, PhD, is an assistant professor at the Department of Applied Chemistry, Zakir Husain College of Engineering and Technology, Faculty of Engineering and Technology, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India. He has extensive research experience in the multidisciplinary fields of analytical chemistry, materials chemistry, electrochemistry, renewable energy, and environmental science. He has worked on different research projects funded by various government agencies and universities and is the recipient of awards, including the Department of Science and Technology, India, Fast-Track Young Scientist Award, and Young Researcher of the Year Award 2020 from Aligarh Muslim University. He has published about 210 research articles in various international scientific journals, 18 book chapters, and 170 edited books with multiple well-known publishers.
Inamuddin, PhD, is an assistant professor at the Department of Applied Chemistry, Zakir Husain College of Engineering and Technology, Faculty of Engineering and Technology, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India. He has extensive research experience in the multidisciplinary fields of analytical chemistry, materials chemistry, electrochemistry, renewable energy, and environmental science. He has worked on different research projects funded by various government agencies and universities and is the recipient of awards, including the Department of Science and Technology, India, Fast-Track Young Scientist Award, and Young Researcher of the Year Award 2020 from Aligarh Muslim University. He has published about 210 research articles in various international scientific journals, 18 book chapters, and 170 edited books with multiple well-known publishers.
Tariq Altalhi, PhD, is an associate professor in the Department of Chemistry at Taif University, Saudi Arabia, where he has served as the head of the chemistry department and vice dean of the science college. He has co-edited various scientific books and established key contacts in major industries in Saudi Arabia. His group is involved in fundamental multidisciplinary research in nanomaterial synthesis and engineering, characterization, and application in molecular separation, desalination, membrane systems, drug delivery, and biosensing.
Mohammad Abu Jafar Mazumder, PhD, is a professor of chemistry, King Fahd University, Petroleum & Minerals, Saudi Arabia. His research focuses on the design, synthesis, modification, and characterization of various modified monomers and polymers for potential use in the inhibition of mild corrosion in oil and gas industries. As a chartered chemist of the Association of Chemical Profession in Ontario, Canada, he has published 100 articles in peer-reviewed journals and edited 8 books with multiple well-known publishers.
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Table of Contents
Preface
1. Ferroic Materials: From Past to Present
Sandeep Yadav, Pallavi Jain and Prashant Singh
1.1 Introduction
1.2 Types of Ferroic Materials
1.2.1 Ferromagnetic Materials
1.2.1.1 Past of Ferromagnetic Materials
1.2.1.2 Present of Ferromagnetic Materials
1.2.2 Ferroelectric Materials
1.2.2.1 Past of Ferroelectric Materials
1.2.2.2 Present of Ferroelectric Materials
1.2.3 Ferroelastic Materials
1.2.3.1 Past of Ferroelastic Materials
1.2.3.2 Present of Ferroelastic Materials
1.2.4 Multiferroic Materials
1.2.4.1 Past of Multiferroic Materials
1.2.4.2 Present of Multiferroic Materials
1.3 Conclusion
References
2. An Overview of Ferroic Materials
M. Rizwan, K. Nawaz, F. Arooj, F. Noor and A. Ayub
2.1 Introduction
2.2 Types of Ferroic Materials
2.2.1 Primary Ferroics
2.2.1.1 Ferromagnetic Materials
2.2.1.2 Ferroelectric Materials
2.2.1.3 Ferroelastic Materials
2.2.2 Secondary Ferroics
2.2.2.1 Multiferroics
2.2.2.2 Ferroelastoelectric Materials
2.2.2.3 Ferromagnetoelastic Materials
2.2.2.4 Ferromagnetoelectric Materials
2.3 Past of Ferroic Materials
2.3.1 Discovery of Magnetism and Electricity
2.3.2 Discovery of Ferromagnetism
2.3.3 Discovery of Ferroelectricity
2.3.4 Discovery of Ferroelasticity
2.4 Present of Ferroic Materials
2.5 Properties of Ferroic Materials
2.6 Scaling of Properties
2.7 Recent Advances in Ferroic Materials
2.8 Conclusion
References
3. Future Perspectives of Ferroic/Multiferroic Materials
Sajida Shamsher, Maria Wasim, Aneela Sabir, Muhammad Sahfiq, Abdur Rehman Mushtaq Ahmad and Ishna Adeefa
3.1 Introduction
3.2 Ferroic and Multiferroic Materials and Types
3.2.1 Ferroic Materials
3.2.2 Multiferroic Materials
3.3 Emerging Ferroic and Multiferroic Materials
3.3.1 Introduction to Emerging Ferroic and Multiferroic Materials
3.3.2 Examples of Emerging Ferroic and Multiferroic Materials
3.4 Introduction to Advances in Characterization Techniques of Ferroic/Multiferroic Materials
3.4.1 Scanning Probe Microscopy
3.4.2 X-Ray Diffraction and Scattering
3.4.3 Neutron Scattering
3.4.4 Raman Spectroscopy
3.5 Applications
3.5.1 Magnetoelectric Devices
3.5.2 Multiferroic Microwave Phase Shifter
3.5.3 Multiferroic Magnetic Recording Read Heads
3.5.4 Multi-State Memories and Multiferroic Random Access Memories
3.5.5 Photovoltaic Multiferroic Solar Cells
3.6 Challenges and Future Directions for Ferroic and Multiferroic Materials
3.6.1 Stability and Reliability
3.6.2 Integration with Existing Technologies
3.6.3 Scalability
3.6.4 Novel Applications
3.7 Integration of Ferroic and Multiferroic Materials into Current Technology
3.7.1 Integration of Multiferroic Materials into Memory Devices
3.7.2 Integration of Ferroelectric Materials into Energy Harvesting Devices
3.7.3 Integration of Ferroelectric Materials into Sensors
3.7.4 Integration of Ferromagnetic Materials into Spintronic Devices
3.7.5 Integration of Multiferroic Materials into Microwave Devices
3.8 Conclusion
References
4. Basic Principles and Measurement Techniques of Electrocaloric Effect in Ferroelectric Materials
Madhushree P., N. S. Kiran Kumar, P. Saidi Reddy and K. C. Sekhar
4.1 Introduction
4.2 Electrocaloric Effect (ECE)
4.2.1 Brief History of ECE
4.2.2 Working Principle
4.2.3 Theory
4.2.3.1 Maxwell Approach
4.2.3.2 Landau Phenomenological Approach
4.3 Direct and Indirect Measurement Techniques
4.3.1 Direct Methods for Measurement of ECE
4.3.1.1 Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC)
4.3.1.2 Fast Infrared Photometry
4.3.1.3 Scanning Thermal Microscopy (SThM)
4.3.2 Indirect Method
4.4 Electrocaloric Effect in Ferroelectric Materials
4.4.1 Lead-Based Ferroelectric Materials
4.4.1.1 PZT-Based Normal Ferroelectrics
4.4.1.2 Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3- PbTiO3 (PMN-PT) Relaxor Ferroelectrics
4.4.2 Lead-Free Ferroelectric Materials
4.4.2.1 BaTiO3-Based Ceramics
4.4.2.2 Ba(Zr0.2Ti0.8)O3–(Ba0.7Ca0.3)TiO3 (BCZT)-Based Ferroelectrics
4.4.2.3 (K, Na) NbO3 (KNN)-Based Ceramics
4.4.2.4 Hafnia and Zirconia-Based Ferroelectric Thin Films
4.5 Summary
References
5. Ferroelectric/Ferroelastoelectric Materials: Preparation, Improvement, and Characterizations
Serkan Baslayici and Mehmet Bugdayci
5.1 Introduction
5.2 Structure and Properties of Ferroelectric and Ferroelastoelectric Materials
5.3 Synthesis Methods for Ferroelectric and Ferroelastoelectric Materials
5.3.1 Solid-State Reactions
5.3.2 Sol-Gel Techniques
5.3.3 Hydrothermal Synthesis
5.3.4 Chemical Vapor Deposition (CVD)
5.3.5 Electrochemical Deposition
5.3.6 Pulsed Laser Deposition
5.3.7 Molecular Beam Epitaxy
5.4 Improvement of Ferroelectric and Ferroelastoelectric Materials
5.5 Applications of Ferroelectric and Ferroelastoelectric Materials
References
6. Elastocaloric Effect in Ferroelectric Materials
Uzma Hira, Uswa Ameen and Atfa Ashraf
6.1 Introduction
6.1.1 Elastocaloric Effect
6.1.1.1 Types of Elastocaloric Effect
6.1.2 Force Elasticity and Entropy Elasticity
6.1.2.1 Force Elasticity
6.1.2.2 Entropy Elasticity
6.1.2.3 Relationship between Force Elasticity and Entropy Elasticity
6.1.3 Entropy Elastic Stress and Strain Actions for Solid-State Cooling
6.1.3.1 Basics of Solid-State Cooling
6.1.3.2 Overview of Entropy-Elastic Materials for Cooling
6.1.3.3 Entropy and Thermoelectric Performance
6.1.3.4 Elastic Stress and Strain Behavior
6.1.3.5 Properties and Characteristics of Entropy-Elastic Materials
6.1.3.6 Potential Applications of Entropy-Elastic Materials in Cooling Technologies
6.2 Ferroelectric Materials
6.2.1 Introduction to Ferroelectric Materials
6.2.1.1 Definition and Characteristics of Ferroelectric Materials
6.2.2 Historical Overview
6.2.3 Structure and Properties of Ferroelectric Materials
6.2.4 Types of Ferroelectric Materials
6.2.5 Applications of Ferroelectric Materials
6.3 Performance Indicators
6.3.1 Elastocaloric Effect (ΔT)
6.3.2 Specific Heat Capacity
6.3.3 Endurance Limit
6.3.4 Inversion Temperature
6.3.5 Coefficient of Performance (COP)
6.3.6 Other Important Parameters
6.4 Challenges and Future Potential
6.5 Sustainability and Environmental Impact
6.6 Conclusions
References
7. Effective Flexomagnetic/Flexoelectric Sensitivity in Ferroics/Nanosized Ferroic Materials
Uzma Hira and Asifa Safdar
7.1 Introduction
7.2 Basic Mathematical Form for Flexoeffect Contribution in Ferroic Nanomaterials
7.3 Symmetry and Definition of the Flexoelectric Coupling
7.4 Symmetry and Definition of the Flexomagnetic Coupling
7.5 The Chapter Structure and Motivation
7.6 Flexocoupling Response in Ferroics
7.6.1 Response of Flexoelectric Coupling in Different Ferroics Having Lower and Cubic Symmetry
7.7 Flexomagnetic Behavior of Coupling in Ferroics Having Cubic Symmetry
7.8 Effective Flexoresponse
7.9 Flexoelectricity in Different Materials
7.9.1 Flexoelectricity in Biological Materials
7.9.2 Flexoelectricity in Liquid Crystal
7.9.3 Flexoelectricity in Semiconductors
7.10 Conclusion
References
8. Advancements in Ferroic Thin Films, Multilayers, and Heterostructures
Abdur Rehman Mushtaq Ahmad, Maria Wasim, Aneela Sabir, Muhammad Shafiq, Rafi Ullah Khan and Farhan Asghar
8.1 Ferroic Materials
8.1.1 Ferroic Thin Films
8.1.1.1 Historical Developments of Ferromagnetic Thin Films
8.1.1.2 Historical Developments of Ferroelectric Thin Films
8.1.1.3 Importance of Thin Films in Ferroic Materials
8.1.1.4 Properties of Thin Films in Ferroic Materials
8.1.1.5 Recent Research on New Ferroic Thin Film Materials
8.1.1.6 Characterization Methods for Ferroic Thin Films
8.1.2 Ferroic Multilayers
8.1.2.1 History of Ferroic Multilayers
8.1.2.2 Importance of Ferroic Multilayers
8.1.2.3 Properties of Ferroic Multilayers
8.1.2.4 Advances in Ferroic Multilayers
8.1.2.5 Recent Research
8.1.2.6 Characterization Techniques
8.1.3 Heterostructures
8.1.3.1 Types of Ferroic Heterostructures
8.1.3.2 Historical Development
8.1.3.3 Properties of Heterostructures
8.1.3.4 Characterization Techniques
8.2 Conclusion
References
9. Physics of Multiferroic Materials
M. Rizwan, A. Ayub and S. Ilyas
9.1 Introduction
9.2 Origin of Ferromagnetism and Antiferromagnetism
9.3 Origin of Ferroelectric Materials
9.4 Historical Background and Present
9.5 Multiferroicity and Its Origin
9.6 Multiferroic Materials
9.7 Classification of Multiferroic Materials
9.7.1 Single-Phase Multiferroics
9.7.1.1 Type I Multiferroics
9.7.1.2 Type II Multiferroics
9.7.2 Composite Multiferroics
9.8 Applications of Multiferroics
9.9 Conclusion
References
10. Overview of Comparison Between Primary Ferroic Crystals with Secondary Ferroic Crystals
V. Renuga
10.1 Introduction
10.2 Formation of Ferroic Domains and Domain Boundaries
10.3 Description of Ferroelectricity—Phenomenological Way
10.3.1 Proper Ferroelectrics
10.3.2 Improper Ferroelectrics
10.3.3 Pseudo-Proper Ferroelectrics
10.4 Important Term in Primary Ferroics
10.4.1 Ferroelectric Materials
10.4.2 Ferromagnetic Materials
10.4.3 Ferroelastic Materials
10.4.4 Ferrotoroidic Materials
10.5 Multiferroics
10.5.1 Type 1 and Type 2 Multiferroics
10.6 Secondary Ferroics
10.6.1 Ferrobielectrics and Ferrobimagnetics—Secondary Ferroic Systems
10.6.1.1 Ferrobielectrics
10.6.1.2 Ferrobimagnetism
10.6.1.3 Ferroelastoelectricity
10.6.1.4 Ferrobielasticity
10.6.1.5 Ferromagnetoelectricity
10.6.1.6 Ferromagnetoelasticity
10.7 Applications of Ferroic Materials
10.8 Conclusions
References
11. Robust Domain Boundary Engineering of Ferroic and Multiferroic Materials
Uzma Hira, Ayeza Arshad and Abdul Sattar
11.1 Introduction
11.2 Ferroic Materials
11.3 Multiferroic Domain Boundaries
11.4 Highly Conducting Interfaces
11.4.1 Interfacial Magnetism
11.4.1.1 Spin-Dependent Oxidization, Screening, and Bonding
11.4.1.2 Electrical Tuning of Magneto-Crystalline Anisotropy
11.5 Ferroelectric Management of Magnetic Phase
11.6 Ferroelectric–Magnetic Tunneling Junctions
11.7 Highly Conducting Interfaces in Case of WO3
11.8 Case of LNO (LaNiO3) and LCMO (La2/3Ca1/3MnO3)
11.9 Applications
11.10 Dynamics of Domain Movements and Ferroic Switching
11.10.1 Dynamics of Domain Movements
11.10.1.1 Analysis of Avalanche Formation
11.11 Future Directions
11.12 Conclusion
References
12. Magnetoelectric, Dielectric, and Optical Characteristics of Ferroelectric and Antiferroelectric Materials
M. S. Hasan, Sabahat Urossha, M. Zulqarnain and S. S. Ali
12.1 Introduction
12.2 Magnetoelectric Properties of FE and AFE Materials
12.2.1 Magnetoelectric Characteristics of BaTiO3-BiFeO3 Materials
12.2.2 Magnetoelectric Characteristics of BiFeO3–BaTiO3–LaFeO3 Materials
12.3 Dielectric Characteristics of FE and AFE Materials
12.3.1 Dielectric Characteristics of La-Modified AFE PbZrO3 Thin Films
12.3.2 Dielectric Characteristics of BNTC22 Materials
12.3.3 Dielectric Properties of PLZST-AFE Material
12.3.4 Dielectric Characteristics of BiMgFeCeO6 Materials
12.4 Optical Characteristics of FE and AFE Materials
12.4.1 Optical Characteristics of KNaX Materials
12.4.2 Optical Characteristics of PLZST Materials
12.4.3 Optical Characteristics of BiMgFeCeO6 Nanomaterials
12.5 Conclusion
References
13. Ferroic Characteristics of Metal-Halide Perovskites
Nawishta Jabeen, Ahmad Hussain, Najam ul Hassan and Jazib Ali
13.1 Introduction
13.2 Origin of Ferroelectricity and Techniques of Measuring Ferroelectricity in MHPs
13.3 Ferroelectricity in MHPs and Large Polaron Phenomenon
13.4 Theoretical Analysis of Ferroic Domain Evolution
13.5 Experimental Evidences of Ferroelectricity on MHPs
13.6 Ferroic Behavior in MHPs Depending on Dimensions
13.6.1 Ferroelectricity in Zero-Dimensional (0D) MHPs
13.6.2 Ferroelectricity in One-Dimensional (1D) MHPs
13.6.3 Ferroelectricity in Two-Dimensional (2D) MHPs
13.6.4 Ferroelectricity in Three-Dimensional (3D) MHPs
13.7 Potential Applications
13.8 Conclusion
References
Index
Back to Top
Preface
1. Ferroic Materials: From Past to Present
Sandeep Yadav, Pallavi Jain and Prashant Singh
1.1 Introduction
1.2 Types of Ferroic Materials
1.2.1 Ferromagnetic Materials
1.2.1.1 Past of Ferromagnetic Materials
1.2.1.2 Present of Ferromagnetic Materials
1.2.2 Ferroelectric Materials
1.2.2.1 Past of Ferroelectric Materials
1.2.2.2 Present of Ferroelectric Materials
1.2.3 Ferroelastic Materials
1.2.3.1 Past of Ferroelastic Materials
1.2.3.2 Present of Ferroelastic Materials
1.2.4 Multiferroic Materials
1.2.4.1 Past of Multiferroic Materials
1.2.4.2 Present of Multiferroic Materials
1.3 Conclusion
References
2. An Overview of Ferroic Materials
M. Rizwan, K. Nawaz, F. Arooj, F. Noor and A. Ayub
2.1 Introduction
2.2 Types of Ferroic Materials
2.2.1 Primary Ferroics
2.2.1.1 Ferromagnetic Materials
2.2.1.2 Ferroelectric Materials
2.2.1.3 Ferroelastic Materials
2.2.2 Secondary Ferroics
2.2.2.1 Multiferroics
2.2.2.2 Ferroelastoelectric Materials
2.2.2.3 Ferromagnetoelastic Materials
2.2.2.4 Ferromagnetoelectric Materials
2.3 Past of Ferroic Materials
2.3.1 Discovery of Magnetism and Electricity
2.3.2 Discovery of Ferromagnetism
2.3.3 Discovery of Ferroelectricity
2.3.4 Discovery of Ferroelasticity
2.4 Present of Ferroic Materials
2.5 Properties of Ferroic Materials
2.6 Scaling of Properties
2.7 Recent Advances in Ferroic Materials
2.8 Conclusion
References
3. Future Perspectives of Ferroic/Multiferroic Materials
Sajida Shamsher, Maria Wasim, Aneela Sabir, Muhammad Sahfiq, Abdur Rehman Mushtaq Ahmad and Ishna Adeefa
3.1 Introduction
3.2 Ferroic and Multiferroic Materials and Types
3.2.1 Ferroic Materials
3.2.2 Multiferroic Materials
3.3 Emerging Ferroic and Multiferroic Materials
3.3.1 Introduction to Emerging Ferroic and Multiferroic Materials
3.3.2 Examples of Emerging Ferroic and Multiferroic Materials
3.4 Introduction to Advances in Characterization Techniques of Ferroic/Multiferroic Materials
3.4.1 Scanning Probe Microscopy
3.4.2 X-Ray Diffraction and Scattering
3.4.3 Neutron Scattering
3.4.4 Raman Spectroscopy
3.5 Applications
3.5.1 Magnetoelectric Devices
3.5.2 Multiferroic Microwave Phase Shifter
3.5.3 Multiferroic Magnetic Recording Read Heads
3.5.4 Multi-State Memories and Multiferroic Random Access Memories
3.5.5 Photovoltaic Multiferroic Solar Cells
3.6 Challenges and Future Directions for Ferroic and Multiferroic Materials
3.6.1 Stability and Reliability
3.6.2 Integration with Existing Technologies
3.6.3 Scalability
3.6.4 Novel Applications
3.7 Integration of Ferroic and Multiferroic Materials into Current Technology
3.7.1 Integration of Multiferroic Materials into Memory Devices
3.7.2 Integration of Ferroelectric Materials into Energy Harvesting Devices
3.7.3 Integration of Ferroelectric Materials into Sensors
3.7.4 Integration of Ferromagnetic Materials into Spintronic Devices
3.7.5 Integration of Multiferroic Materials into Microwave Devices
3.8 Conclusion
References
4. Basic Principles and Measurement Techniques of Electrocaloric Effect in Ferroelectric Materials
Madhushree P., N. S. Kiran Kumar, P. Saidi Reddy and K. C. Sekhar
4.1 Introduction
4.2 Electrocaloric Effect (ECE)
4.2.1 Brief History of ECE
4.2.2 Working Principle
4.2.3 Theory
4.2.3.1 Maxwell Approach
4.2.3.2 Landau Phenomenological Approach
4.3 Direct and Indirect Measurement Techniques
4.3.1 Direct Methods for Measurement of ECE
4.3.1.1 Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC)
4.3.1.2 Fast Infrared Photometry
4.3.1.3 Scanning Thermal Microscopy (SThM)
4.3.2 Indirect Method
4.4 Electrocaloric Effect in Ferroelectric Materials
4.4.1 Lead-Based Ferroelectric Materials
4.4.1.1 PZT-Based Normal Ferroelectrics
4.4.1.2 Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3- PbTiO3 (PMN-PT) Relaxor Ferroelectrics
4.4.2 Lead-Free Ferroelectric Materials
4.4.2.1 BaTiO3-Based Ceramics
4.4.2.2 Ba(Zr0.2Ti0.8)O3–(Ba0.7Ca0.3)TiO3 (BCZT)-Based Ferroelectrics
4.4.2.3 (K, Na) NbO3 (KNN)-Based Ceramics
4.4.2.4 Hafnia and Zirconia-Based Ferroelectric Thin Films
4.5 Summary
References
5. Ferroelectric/Ferroelastoelectric Materials: Preparation, Improvement, and Characterizations
Serkan Baslayici and Mehmet Bugdayci
5.1 Introduction
5.2 Structure and Properties of Ferroelectric and Ferroelastoelectric Materials
5.3 Synthesis Methods for Ferroelectric and Ferroelastoelectric Materials
5.3.1 Solid-State Reactions
5.3.2 Sol-Gel Techniques
5.3.3 Hydrothermal Synthesis
5.3.4 Chemical Vapor Deposition (CVD)
5.3.5 Electrochemical Deposition
5.3.6 Pulsed Laser Deposition
5.3.7 Molecular Beam Epitaxy
5.4 Improvement of Ferroelectric and Ferroelastoelectric Materials
5.5 Applications of Ferroelectric and Ferroelastoelectric Materials
References
6. Elastocaloric Effect in Ferroelectric Materials
Uzma Hira, Uswa Ameen and Atfa Ashraf
6.1 Introduction
6.1.1 Elastocaloric Effect
6.1.1.1 Types of Elastocaloric Effect
6.1.2 Force Elasticity and Entropy Elasticity
6.1.2.1 Force Elasticity
6.1.2.2 Entropy Elasticity
6.1.2.3 Relationship between Force Elasticity and Entropy Elasticity
6.1.3 Entropy Elastic Stress and Strain Actions for Solid-State Cooling
6.1.3.1 Basics of Solid-State Cooling
6.1.3.2 Overview of Entropy-Elastic Materials for Cooling
6.1.3.3 Entropy and Thermoelectric Performance
6.1.3.4 Elastic Stress and Strain Behavior
6.1.3.5 Properties and Characteristics of Entropy-Elastic Materials
6.1.3.6 Potential Applications of Entropy-Elastic Materials in Cooling Technologies
6.2 Ferroelectric Materials
6.2.1 Introduction to Ferroelectric Materials
6.2.1.1 Definition and Characteristics of Ferroelectric Materials
6.2.2 Historical Overview
6.2.3 Structure and Properties of Ferroelectric Materials
6.2.4 Types of Ferroelectric Materials
6.2.5 Applications of Ferroelectric Materials
6.3 Performance Indicators
6.3.1 Elastocaloric Effect (ΔT)
6.3.2 Specific Heat Capacity
6.3.3 Endurance Limit
6.3.4 Inversion Temperature
6.3.5 Coefficient of Performance (COP)
6.3.6 Other Important Parameters
6.4 Challenges and Future Potential
6.5 Sustainability and Environmental Impact
6.6 Conclusions
References
7. Effective Flexomagnetic/Flexoelectric Sensitivity in Ferroics/Nanosized Ferroic Materials
Uzma Hira and Asifa Safdar
7.1 Introduction
7.2 Basic Mathematical Form for Flexoeffect Contribution in Ferroic Nanomaterials
7.3 Symmetry and Definition of the Flexoelectric Coupling
7.4 Symmetry and Definition of the Flexomagnetic Coupling
7.5 The Chapter Structure and Motivation
7.6 Flexocoupling Response in Ferroics
7.6.1 Response of Flexoelectric Coupling in Different Ferroics Having Lower and Cubic Symmetry
7.7 Flexomagnetic Behavior of Coupling in Ferroics Having Cubic Symmetry
7.8 Effective Flexoresponse
7.9 Flexoelectricity in Different Materials
7.9.1 Flexoelectricity in Biological Materials
7.9.2 Flexoelectricity in Liquid Crystal
7.9.3 Flexoelectricity in Semiconductors
7.10 Conclusion
References
8. Advancements in Ferroic Thin Films, Multilayers, and Heterostructures
Abdur Rehman Mushtaq Ahmad, Maria Wasim, Aneela Sabir, Muhammad Shafiq, Rafi Ullah Khan and Farhan Asghar
8.1 Ferroic Materials
8.1.1 Ferroic Thin Films
8.1.1.1 Historical Developments of Ferromagnetic Thin Films
8.1.1.2 Historical Developments of Ferroelectric Thin Films
8.1.1.3 Importance of Thin Films in Ferroic Materials
8.1.1.4 Properties of Thin Films in Ferroic Materials
8.1.1.5 Recent Research on New Ferroic Thin Film Materials
8.1.1.6 Characterization Methods for Ferroic Thin Films
8.1.2 Ferroic Multilayers
8.1.2.1 History of Ferroic Multilayers
8.1.2.2 Importance of Ferroic Multilayers
8.1.2.3 Properties of Ferroic Multilayers
8.1.2.4 Advances in Ferroic Multilayers
8.1.2.5 Recent Research
8.1.2.6 Characterization Techniques
8.1.3 Heterostructures
8.1.3.1 Types of Ferroic Heterostructures
8.1.3.2 Historical Development
8.1.3.3 Properties of Heterostructures
8.1.3.4 Characterization Techniques
8.2 Conclusion
References
9. Physics of Multiferroic Materials
M. Rizwan, A. Ayub and S. Ilyas
9.1 Introduction
9.2 Origin of Ferromagnetism and Antiferromagnetism
9.3 Origin of Ferroelectric Materials
9.4 Historical Background and Present
9.5 Multiferroicity and Its Origin
9.6 Multiferroic Materials
9.7 Classification of Multiferroic Materials
9.7.1 Single-Phase Multiferroics
9.7.1.1 Type I Multiferroics
9.7.1.2 Type II Multiferroics
9.7.2 Composite Multiferroics
9.8 Applications of Multiferroics
9.9 Conclusion
References
10. Overview of Comparison Between Primary Ferroic Crystals with Secondary Ferroic Crystals
V. Renuga
10.1 Introduction
10.2 Formation of Ferroic Domains and Domain Boundaries
10.3 Description of Ferroelectricity—Phenomenological Way
10.3.1 Proper Ferroelectrics
10.3.2 Improper Ferroelectrics
10.3.3 Pseudo-Proper Ferroelectrics
10.4 Important Term in Primary Ferroics
10.4.1 Ferroelectric Materials
10.4.2 Ferromagnetic Materials
10.4.3 Ferroelastic Materials
10.4.4 Ferrotoroidic Materials
10.5 Multiferroics
10.5.1 Type 1 and Type 2 Multiferroics
10.6 Secondary Ferroics
10.6.1 Ferrobielectrics and Ferrobimagnetics—Secondary Ferroic Systems
10.6.1.1 Ferrobielectrics
10.6.1.2 Ferrobimagnetism
10.6.1.3 Ferroelastoelectricity
10.6.1.4 Ferrobielasticity
10.6.1.5 Ferromagnetoelectricity
10.6.1.6 Ferromagnetoelasticity
10.7 Applications of Ferroic Materials
10.8 Conclusions
References
11. Robust Domain Boundary Engineering of Ferroic and Multiferroic Materials
Uzma Hira, Ayeza Arshad and Abdul Sattar
11.1 Introduction
11.2 Ferroic Materials
11.3 Multiferroic Domain Boundaries
11.4 Highly Conducting Interfaces
11.4.1 Interfacial Magnetism
11.4.1.1 Spin-Dependent Oxidization, Screening, and Bonding
11.4.1.2 Electrical Tuning of Magneto-Crystalline Anisotropy
11.5 Ferroelectric Management of Magnetic Phase
11.6 Ferroelectric–Magnetic Tunneling Junctions
11.7 Highly Conducting Interfaces in Case of WO3
11.8 Case of LNO (LaNiO3) and LCMO (La2/3Ca1/3MnO3)
11.9 Applications
11.10 Dynamics of Domain Movements and Ferroic Switching
11.10.1 Dynamics of Domain Movements
11.10.1.1 Analysis of Avalanche Formation
11.11 Future Directions
11.12 Conclusion
References
12. Magnetoelectric, Dielectric, and Optical Characteristics of Ferroelectric and Antiferroelectric Materials
M. S. Hasan, Sabahat Urossha, M. Zulqarnain and S. S. Ali
12.1 Introduction
12.2 Magnetoelectric Properties of FE and AFE Materials
12.2.1 Magnetoelectric Characteristics of BaTiO3-BiFeO3 Materials
12.2.2 Magnetoelectric Characteristics of BiFeO3–BaTiO3–LaFeO3 Materials
12.3 Dielectric Characteristics of FE and AFE Materials
12.3.1 Dielectric Characteristics of La-Modified AFE PbZrO3 Thin Films
12.3.2 Dielectric Characteristics of BNTC22 Materials
12.3.3 Dielectric Properties of PLZST-AFE Material
12.3.4 Dielectric Characteristics of BiMgFeCeO6 Materials
12.4 Optical Characteristics of FE and AFE Materials
12.4.1 Optical Characteristics of KNaX Materials
12.4.2 Optical Characteristics of PLZST Materials
12.4.3 Optical Characteristics of BiMgFeCeO6 Nanomaterials
12.5 Conclusion
References
13. Ferroic Characteristics of Metal-Halide Perovskites
Nawishta Jabeen, Ahmad Hussain, Najam ul Hassan and Jazib Ali
13.1 Introduction
13.2 Origin of Ferroelectricity and Techniques of Measuring Ferroelectricity in MHPs
13.3 Ferroelectricity in MHPs and Large Polaron Phenomenon
13.4 Theoretical Analysis of Ferroic Domain Evolution
13.5 Experimental Evidences of Ferroelectricity on MHPs
13.6 Ferroic Behavior in MHPs Depending on Dimensions
13.6.1 Ferroelectricity in Zero-Dimensional (0D) MHPs
13.6.2 Ferroelectricity in One-Dimensional (1D) MHPs
13.6.3 Ferroelectricity in Two-Dimensional (2D) MHPs
13.6.4 Ferroelectricity in Three-Dimensional (3D) MHPs
13.7 Potential Applications
13.8 Conclusion
References
Index
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