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Smart Grids as Cyber Physical Systems Volume 1

Artificial Intelligence, Cybersecurity, and Clean Energy for Next Generation Smart Grids
Edited by O.V. Gnana Swathika, K. Karthikeyan, P. Sanjeevikumar
Copyright: 2024   |   Status: Published
ISBN: 9781394261697  |  Hardcover  |  
399 pages
Price: $225 USD
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One Line Description
With this first volume focusing on artificial intelligence, cybersecurity, and clean energy for next generation smart grids, this groundbreaking two-volume set provides a comprehensive overview of the fundamental security of supervisory control and data acquisition (SCADA) systems, making it an essential reference for practitioners in industries focusing on adaptive configuration and optimization in smart grid systems.

Audience
Senior undergraduate students, graduate students, industry professionals, researchers and academics in industries focusing on adaptive configuration and optimization for smart grid systems

Description
Smart Grids as Cyber Physical Systems, a new two-volume set from Wiley-Scrivener, provides a comprehensive overview of the fundamental security of supervisory control and data acquisition (SCADA) systems, offering clarity on specific operating and security issues that may arise that deteriorate the overall operation and efficiency of smart grid systems. It also provides techniques to monitor and protect systems, as well as aids for designing a threat-free system.

This first volume focuses mainly on artificial intelligence, cybersecurity, and clean energy, but the set as a whole discusses how artificial intelligence may be extensively deployed in the prediction of energy generation, electric grid-related line loss prediction, load forecasting, and for predicting equipment failure prevention. It also discusses power generation systems, building service systems, and explores advances in machine learning, artificial neural networks, fuzzy logic, genetic algorithms, and hybrid mechanisms. Additionally, it explores research contributions of experts in cyber physical systems (CPS) infrastructure systems, incorporating sustainability by embedding computing and communication in day-to-day smart grid applications. This two-volume will be of immense use to practitioners in industries focusing on adaptive configuration and optimization in smart grid systems, as well as to students.

Through case studies, it offers a rigorous introduction to the theoretical foundations, techniques, and practical solutions cyber physical systems offer. Building CPS with effective communication, control, intelligence, and security is discussed from societal and research perspectives and a forum for researchers and practitioners to exchange ideas and achieve progress in CPS is provided by highlighting applications, advances, and research challenges. This set also offers a comprehensive look at cyber threats, attacks, metrics, risk, situational awareness, intrusion detection, and security testing, providing a valuable reference set for current system owners who wish to configure and operate their industrial control systems securely.

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Author / Editor Details
O. V. Gnana Swathika, PhD received a PhD in electrical engineering from Vellore Institute of Technology University, Chennai, Tamilnadu, India, in 2017. She also completed her post-doctoral studies at the University of Moratuwa, Sri Lanka in 2019. Her current research interests include microgrid protection and energy management systems.

K. Karthikeyan is the chief engineering manager of electrical designs for Larsen and Toubro Construction, a multinational Indian contracting company. He has two decades of experience in electrical design and has contributed to several projects including the Building airports, railway stations and depots, hospitals, and educational buildings in India and abroad. His primary role involves preparing and reviewing complete electrical system designs up to 110KV voltage levels, acting as a point of contact between clients and projects teams, peer review, and project management.

P. Sanjeevikumar, PhD is a faculty member in the Department of Energy Technology, Aalborg University, Esbjerg, Denmark. He has authored over three hundred scientific papers and an editor for several academic journals. He is a fellow of the Institution of Engineers, India, the Institution of Electronics and Telecommunication Engineers, India, and the Institution of Engineering and Technology, U.K.

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Table of Contents
Preface
1. Grid Independent Dynamic Charging of EV Batteries Using Solar Energy
P. Balamurugan, Tekumalla Lakshmi Sowjanya, Manas Goyan, J.L. Febin Daya and V. Ananthakrishnan
1.1 Introduction
1.2 Proposed Methodology
1.3 Design of Boost Converter
1.4 Perturb and Observe Algorithm for Tracking Maximum Power
1.5 Charge Controller
1.6 Conclusion
References
2. RS-11-I Design and Control of Solar-Battery-Based Microgrid System
Buddhadeva Sahoo, Subhransu Ranjan Samantaray, Pravat Kumar Rout and Pritam Bhowmik
2.1 Introduction
2.2 Solar Battery System Modelling
2.2.1 Reduced Switch 11-Level Inverter (RS-11-I)
2.3 Reduced PLL-Based Control Modelling
2.3.1 DC-Link Voltage Regulation
2.3.2 RS-11-I Control Application
2.4 Result Analysis
2.5 Conclusion
Acknowledgment
Funding Statement
References
3. A Novel Concept of Hybrid Storage Integrated Smart Grid System with Integrated SoC Management Scheme
Pritam Bhowmik, Priya Ranjan Satpathy, Soubhik Bagchi and Buddhadeva Sahoo
3.1 Introduction
3.2 Proposed Droop SoC- and SOP-Based Management Method
3.2.1 Basic Operation Mode of DESS
3.2.2 ESUS Model
3.2.3 Basic Model of SoC Management Control System
3.2.4 Proposed SoC Management Scheme and the Undertaken System
3.3 Result Analysis
3.3.1 Charging Case
3.3.2 Discharging Case
3.4 Conclusion
References
4. Parameters Sensitivity of Solar Photovoltaic Array Architectures under Incremental Row and Column Shading
Priya Ranjan Satpathy, Sudhakar Babu Thanikanti, Belqasem Aljafari and Pritam Bhowmik
4.1 Introduction
4.2 System Modelling and Description
4.3 Electrical Parameters Estimation
4.4 Sensitivity Analysis of Electrical Parameters of PV Array Under Incremental Partial Shading
4.4.1 Analysis under Incremental Row Shading Scenario
4.4.2 Analysis under Incremental Column Shading Scenario
4.5 Conclusion
References
5. Controlled Smart Robotic Arm for Optimized Movement in Pharma Application
Deepa Thangavelusamy, Kripalakshmi Thiagarajan, S. Angalaeswari, D. Subbulekshmi, A. R. Kalaiarasi, Sambit Pattnaik and Preetam Singh Chauhan
5.1 Introduction
5.2 Description of the Prototype
5.3 Segments of the Prototype
5.3.1 Designing the Circuit of the Prototype
5.3.2 Designing the Mobile App for User Interface
5.4 Design Specifications
5.5 Simulation Analysis
5.6 Hardware Analysis
5.7 Conclusion
References
6. An Exploration of Internet of Everything in Smart Universe
Karmel Arockiasamy, Kanimozhi G. and Umamaheswari E.
6.1 Introduction
6.2 Related Work
6.2.1 Smart Infrastructure
6.2.2 Smart Building
6.2.3 Smart Healthcare
6.2.4 IoE in Healthcare Networks
6.2.5 IoE Healthcare Services
6.2.6 IoE Healthcare Security
6.2.7 IoE in Smart Countries
6.2.8 Smart Agriculture
6.2.9 Smart Grid
6.2.10 Industrial IoT
6.2.11 IoT in Education
6.2.12 Use Cases
6.2.12.1 Smart Classrooms
6.2.12.2 Smart Books
6.2.12.3 Augmented and Virtual Reality in Education
6.2.12.4 Smart Campus
6.2.12.5 Assisted Learning for the Disabled
6.2.12.6 Distance Learning
6.2.12.7 Advantages of IoT in Education
6.2.12.8 Disadvantages of IoT in Education
6.2.13 IoT in Waste Management
6.2.14 Route Optimization
6.2.15 No Deliveries were Missed
6.2.16 Recycling in an Effective and Efficient Way
6.2.17 IoT Management Systems that are Automated
6.2.18 Analyzing Data Quickly
6.2.19 IoT in Water Management
6.2.20 Use Cases
6.2.20.1 Water Management in Group Residential Areas
6.2.20.2 Water Management in Campuses
6.2.20.3 Water Management in Industries
6.2.20.4 Water Management in Irrigation
6.2.20.5 Water Management for Underground Water Source
6.2.20.6 Advantages of IoT in Water Management
6.2.20.7 Disadvantages of IoT in Water Management
6.2.21 IoT in the Food Industry
6.2.21.1 Accessibility to Customers
6.2.21.2 Quality Food Assurance
6.2.21.3 Improving Food Safety
6.2.22 Transparent Supply Chain Management
6.2.22.1 Recall of Goods
6.2.22.2 Energy Conservation
6.2.22.3 Effective Inventory Control
6.2.22.4 Forged Product Identification
6.2.22.5 Logistics that are More Efficient
6.2.22.6 Operational Efficiency
6.2.23 IoT in the Banking Sector
6.2.24 Use Cases
6.2.24.1 Debt Collection
6.2.24.2 Heist Prevention
6.2.24.3 Fraud Detection
6.2.24.4 Emergence of FinTech
6.2.24.5 Employee Training
6.2.24.6 Advantages of IoT in Banking
6.2.24.7 Disadvantages of IoT in Banking
6.2.25 IoT in Government Sectors
6.2.26 Use Cases
6.2.26.1 Public Healthcare
6.2.26.2 Public Transportation
6.2.26.3 Disaster Management
6.2.26.4 Public Safety
6.2.26.5 Advantages of IoT in Government Sectors
6.2.26.6 Disadvantages of IoT in Government Sectors
6.2.27 IoT in Underwater Vehicle
6.2.28 IoT in Criminology and Emergency Management
6.2.28.1 Cyber Crime Attacks
6.2.28.2 Crime Harvests and the IoT
6.2.28.3 Digital Device Forensics
6.2.28.4 The Need for IoT Forensics
6.2.28.5 Evidence Identification, Collection, and Preservation
6.2.28.6 Evidence Analysis and Correlation
6.2.28.7 Opportunities of IoT Forensics
6.3 Conclusion
References
7. An Intelligent Smart Grid Switching System for an Efficient Load Balancing Through Machine Learning Models
Aditya Sundarajan, Jaideepnath Anand S., Ruthul Jindal S. and Maheswari R.
7.1 Introduction
7.2 Backbone of Work
7.3 Theory Behind Smart Grids and Integration in the Field
7.4 Phases of Data Through the Smart Grids
7.4.1 Data Cleaning
7.4.2 Data Transformation
7.4.3 Data Reduction
7.5 Flowchart of the Proposed Smart Grid System
7.6 Work Done
7.7 Working with Dataset—Dataset Description
7.8 Tools Used for Implementing the Proposed Algorithm
7.9 Results
7.10 Inference of the Solution
7.11 Conclusion and Future Work
References
8. Hybrid Energy Storage System for Battery-Powered Electric Vehicles
G. Jegadeeswari and D. Lakshmi
8.1 Introduction
8.2 Need of Electric Vehicle
8.2.1 Overview of Single Phase Induction Motor
8.2.2 Objectives
8.3 Methodology
8.4 Simulation Results and Discussion
8.5 Conclusion
References
9. FPGA-Based Smart Building Access Control
Sakthi Ram T., Yogesh L., Vetriashwath S., Nishanth G. and O.V. Gnana Swathika
9.1 Introduction
9.2 Methodology
9.3 FSM Sequence Detector
9.4 UART Transmitter
9.5 Results
9.6 Conclusion
References
10. Artificial Hyperintelligence-Enabled Cyber-Physical System Control for Autonomous Vehicles
S. Srithar, Vetrimani E., Kumbala Pradeep Reddy, Sarangam Kodati and S. Alagumuthukrishnan
10.1 Introduction
10.2 Analytical Framework
10.2.1 Literature Review
10.3 Layer Architecture of Cyber-Physical Intelligent Systems (CPIS)
10.3.1 Layer Approach of Autonomous Vehicle Control
10.3.2 End-to-End Security Parameters
10.4 Cyber-Physical Autonomous Vehicle vs. Machine Learning Systems
10.4.1 New Entry Authentication Procedure
10.4.2 Autonomous Vehicles Basic Requirements
10.4.3 Global Positioning System (GPS)
10.4.4 Short-Range Communication Transceiver
10.4.5 Cameras
10.4.6 Ultrasonic Sensor
10.4.7 Light Detection and Ranging (LIDAR)
10.4.8 Radar Sensor
10.4.9 Server Controller
10.4.10 Protocol Specification
10.4.11 Imperial Cohort Reply Procedure for Optimal Channel Selection
10.5 Results and Discussion
10.5.1 Handover Rate of Failure vs. Vehicles Count
10.5.2 Packet Delivery Rate (PDR) vs. Vehicle Count
10.6 Conclusion
References
11. FPGA-Based Smart Delivery Bot
Sakthi Ram T., Yogesh L., Vetriashwath S., Nishanth G. and O.V. Gnana Swathika
11.1 Introduction
11.2 Methodology
11.3 Test Graph
11.4 Results and Discussion
References
12. Cabin Cooling System for Heavy Commercial Load Vehicle
Aditya Burde, Samridhi and P. Sriramalakshmi
12.1 Introduction
12.2 Literature Survey
12.2.1 Beginning With the Principal Warmer or A/C
12.2.2 Additional Protection
12.2.3 Utilizing Genuine Profound Cycle Batteries
12.2.4 Roof-Mounted Air-Conditioning System RTX 1000
12.2.5 Roof-Mounted Air-Conditioning System RTX 2000
12.2.6 Cooltronic G2.5 Auxiliary Air-Conditioning System
12.3 Working Principle of Peltier Cooler
12.3.1 Elements of Peltier Cooler
12.3.2 Heat Absorption
12.3.3 Thermal Insulation
12.4 Proposed Idea
12.5 Design Specifications
12.6 Prototyping
12.7 Advantages of Proposed Idea
12.8 Conclusion
References
13. Renewable Energy and Its Dynamic Value
Abhinav Koushik and Milind Shrinivas Dangate
13.1 Introduction
13.2 Is a Wetter Grid a Greener Grid? Estimating Emigration Equipoises for Wind and Solar Power in the Presence of Larger Hydroelectric Power
13.2.1 Data
13.3 Wind, Solar, and Hydropower Trends in CAISO
13.3.1 Power Generation Trends
13.4 Identification
13.5 Electricity Storehouse, Emissions Levies, and Value of Renewable Energy
13.5.1 Introduction
13.5.2 Literature Review
13.5.3 Emissions Functions
13.5.4 Wind Power and Storage Parameters
13.5.5 Policy Scenarios and Monte Carlo Simulations
13.5.6 Welfare and Allocations
13.5.7 Emissions Offsets
13.5.8 Accounting for Regulating Reserves Costs
13.6 Conclusion
References
14. Energy Resources and Reliability Assessments
Kavinkumar Ravikumar and Milind Shrinivas Dangate
14.1 Motivation
14.1.1 Objections
14.2 Photovoltaic (PV) Systems
14.2.1 Attributes of PV System
14.2.2 Grid Level PV Farm Structure
14.2.2.1 Output Power of PV Systems
14.2.2.2 Attributes of PV System Components
14.2.3 Reliability Modelling of Major Photovoltaic System Components’ Reliability
14.2.3.1 Power Electronic Circuit Components
14.2.3.2 Reliability of PV Panels
14.3 Reliability Modelling of PV System
14.4 Case Studies
14.5 Conclusion
14.6 Future Works
References
15. Electric Vehicle Charging Stations Effect on Battery Storage Technology
Sathya Narayanan and Milind Shrinivas Dangate
15.1 Introduction
15.1.1 Background
15.1.2 Problem Statement
15.1.3 Research Objectives
15.1.3.1 Research Plan and Strategy
15.1.3.2 Methods for Phase 1
15.1.3.3 Methods for Objective 2
15.1.3.4 Methods for Objective 3
15.1.3.5 Discrete Event Simulation (DES)
15.2 Literature Review
15.2.1 EVs
15.2.2 EV Charging
15.2.3 DC Fast-Charging Standards
15.2.4 Battery Technologies
15.3 Conclusion
15.3.1 Findings
15.3.2 Contribution
15.3.3 Limitations
15.3.4 Future Work
References
16. Photovoltaic Technology and Environmental Impact
Kavinkumar Ravikumar and Milind Shrinivas Dangate
16.1 Motivation
16.2 Background
16.2.1 Life-Cycle Assessment (LCA)
16.2.2 Green Chemistry Principles
16.2.3 Toxicity Assessment
16.2.4 Analytical Chemistry and Material Characterization Techniques for Environmental Assessment
16.2.5 Organic Photovoltaic (OPV)
16.2.6 Silicon Photovoltaic (Si PV)
16.3 Photovoltaic Technology and Environmental Impact
16.3.1 Environmental Impact Assessment
16.3.2 Cost and Chemical Hazard Analysis
16.3.3 Toxicity Assessment
16.3.4 Green Chemistry Principles
16.3.5 Experiments
16.4 Results
16.4.1 Existing C60 Purification Methods
16.4.2 Baseline Evaluation
16.4.3 Alternative Solvents for TMB
16.4.4 Purification Experiments
16.4.4.1 Modified Baseline Process
16.4.4.2 Alternative Plant-Based Oil Solvents (P1 to P6)
16.4.4.3 Alternative Petroleum-Based Solvents (P7 to P8)
16.4.5 Environmental, Cost, and Chemical Hazard Evaluation of Potential Methods
16.4.5.1 Chemical Hazard Assessment
16.4.5.2 Cost Assessment
16.4.6 Environmental Impact Assessment
16.4.7 Overall Evaluation
16.5 Conclusion
References
17. Transparent Photovoltaics and Environmental Impact
Kavinkumar Ravikumar and Milind Shrinivas Dangate
17.1 Introduction
17.1.1 Motivation
17.2 Background
17.2.1 Green Chemistry
17.2.2 Life Cycle Assessments
17.2.3 Transparent Organic Photovoltaic Applications
17.3 Method
17.3.1 Life Cycle Assessment for Fine Chemicals Process
17.3.2 Selection of Impact Category for Sustainability Assessment
17.3.2.1 Environmental Impact
17.3.2.2 Chemical Hazard
17.3.2.3 Cost
17.3.3 Material Synthesis and Data Collection
17.4 Results and Discussion
17.4.1 Methodology Assessment
17.4.2 Overall Evaluation
17.5 Conclusions
References
18. Design of Greedy Approach-Based Vulnerability Detection Framework for Smart Grid Systems
Manas Kumar Yogi, Sai Pathrudu Lanka Vatapatra, Navya Sri Medapati, Devi Krishna Arumilli and Vaishnavi Lingam
18.1 Introduction
18.1.1 Characteristics of Smart Grid
18.1.2 The Functionality of Smart Grid
18.1.3 Advantages of Smart Grid
18.1.4 Threats and Weaknesses in Smart Grid
18.2 Background Work
18.2.1 Vulnerability Detection Approaches in Smart Grid
18.2.2 Study of Detection and Prevention Techniques of Different Types of Attacks in a Smart Grid
18.3 Proposed Mechanism
18.4 Experimental Results
18.5 Future Directions
18.6 Conclusion
References
19. Smart Grid Technology Development and Intellectual Property Law Protection: Opportunities and Challenges
E. Prema and S. Suganya
19.1 Introduction
19.2 Machine Learning and Smart Grid
19.3 Smart Grid Definition
19.4 Features of Smart Grid
19.5 Challenges of Achieving in Smart Grid
19.6 Legal Challenges Implementing Smart Grid
19.6.1 EU Approach
19.6.2 US Patent Law
19.6.3 China’s Approach
19.7 Conclusions
References
20. Architecture for Transactive Energy Management Systems with Different Market Clearing Strategies in Smart Grid
Arun S. L. and Vijayapriya Ramachandran
20.1 Introduction
20.2 TEMO Architecture
20.3 P2P Energy Market Strategies
20.3.1 Mid-Pricing Strategy (MPS)
20.3.1.1 Higher Community Demand (t > 0)
20.3.1.2 Higher Community Generation (t < 0)
20.3.2 GDR Pricing Strategy (GDRS)
20.3.2.1 Higher Community Demand (Ψt < 1)
20.3.2.2 Higher Community Generation (Ψt > 1)
20.3.3 Double Auction Strategy (DAS)
20.3.4 Priority-Based Auction Strategy (PAS)
20.4 Simulation Study
20.5 Conclusions
References
21. Recommending Medical Specialist and Detecting Point of Discomfort Using Computer Vision and Machine Learning
Shourya Gupta, Ritik Vashist, Ridhika Sahni, Kshitij Dwivedi, Sam Methuselah Penumala and Karmel Arockiasamy
21.1 Introduction
21.2 Related Work
21.3 Proposed System
21.3.1 Computer Vision
21.3.2 Machine Learning
21.3.2.1 Disease Prediction
21.3.2.2 Medical Practitioner Recommendation
21.3.2.3 Report Generation
21.3.2.4 Language
21.4 Results
21.5 Conclusion
21.6 Future Scope
References
22. Reliability Assessment and Reliability Improvement of System by High Renewable Penetration
Satyaki Biswas, Sadasiva Behera and Nalin. B. Dev Choudhury
22.1 Introduction
22.2 Methodology
22.2.1 Standard IEEE-Reliability Indices
22.2.2 Capacity Outage Probability Table (COPT)
22.3 Modified IEEE Indices
22.4 Results and Analysis
22.5 Conclusion
References
23. Distance Measurement Using Ultrasonic Sensor
Rajesh Babu Damala, Rajesh Kumar Patnaik and Praveen Korla
23.1 Introduction
23.2 Associated Hardware Component Details
23.3 Circuit Diagram
23.4 Methodology
23.5 Conclusions
References
Index

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