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Sustainable Green Catalytic Processes

Edited by Mousumi Sen
Copyright: 2024   |   Status: Published
ISBN: 9781394212552  |  Hardcover  |  
546 pages
Price: $225 USD
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One Line Description
This groundbreaking book offers an in-depth description of sustainable green catalytic processes that have emerged as the means to empower the existing protocols with greener, sustainable, and environmentally benign versions that hold enormous potential in industry and society.

Audience
The core audiences for this book include scientists and engineers working in green chemistry, materials science, photocatalysts, biotechnology, nanotechnology, waste minimization, and sustainability. This book is an excellent resource for graduate students, R&D experts, and researchers in academic and industrial fields of chemical synthesis.

Description
Growing worldwide concerns about environmental pollution and global warming have directed the attention of scientists towards approaches for developing sustainable protocols, and the need for employing greener and more sustainable catalytic approaches that are environmentally greener and more eco-friendly than current ones. Green and sustainable catalysts are the one class of catalysts that possess higher selectivity and activity, efficient recovery from the reaction medium, recyclability, cost-effectiveness and are prepared using environmentally benign preparation techniques. The most potent instrument in organic synthesis, and the cornerstone of green chemistry, is catalysis which has broadened the possibilities for organic transformations in the direction of a sustainable future. The catalyst has been playing a vital role, from the improvement of reaction conditions to enhanced selectivity towards the intended product and a decrease in the creation of byproducts. The purpose of this book is to highlight the developments made towards designing new catalysts (homogeneous, heterogeneous, organocatalyst, nanocatalyst, photocatalyst, nanophotocatalyst, biocatalyst, nanobiocatalyst, metal catalyst etc,.) and present the advancements in the field of chemical synthesis using greener catalytic routes with far-reaching applications.
The other environmentally friendly method is the enzymatic synthesis of organic molecules, which substitutes safe reagents for those that imitate the biosynthetic route to synthesize the desired organic molecules. With its ability to produce transformations that occasionally enable the reduction of steps in a synthetic route, biophotocatalysis has long been recognized as a green technology and key to creating environmentally friendly and sustainable chemistry. The employment of sustainable green processes on the most crucial reaction steps of the synthetic protocol satisfies contemporary needs for environmentally friendly operations during the creation of valuable chemicals.
Readers will find the book:
•details new catalysts development designs (homo and heterogeneous);
•presents the advancement of organic synthesis using greener catalytic routes with far-reaching applications;
•elaborates on preparation techniques for green and sustainable catalysts that possess higher activity, efficient recovery, and cost-effectiveness;
•discusses how to epitomize a green approach towards the preparation of organ moieties via enzymatic synthesis;
•analyzes nano-catalysis with green-based reagents and solvents that allow producers to follow the fundamental pillars of the green economy;
•elucidates green chemistry’s principles and metrics of the chemical’s life cycle and design through disposal.

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Author / Editor Details
Mousumi Sen, PhD, is an assistant professor in the Department of Chemistry, Amity University, Uttar Pradesh, India. She obtained her doctorate in bioinorganic chemistry from the Indian Institute of Technology, Delhi, India. Her research focuses on sustainable development, cost-effective, and environmentally friendly processes. Her research interest is focused on the development of sustainable, cost-effective, and environmentally friendly processes for processing and converting waste to generate energy, fuels, and biobased chemicals. She has published many peer-reviewed research articles in journals, edited book chapters, and authored one book.

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Table of Contents
Preface
1. Green and Sustainable Catalytic Reaction Processes Including New Reaction
Medium-Enriched Atom Utilization
Amit and Mousumi Sen
1.1 Introduction
1.2 Background
1.2.1 Traditional Catalytic Reactions
1.2.2 Significance of Green and Sustainable Catalytic Reactions
1.2.3 New Reaction Medium-Enriched Atom Utilization
1.2.4 Overview of Research Problem
1.3 Literature Review
1.3.1 Sustainable Catalysis
1.3.2 Green Catalytic Processes
1.3.3 Atom Utilization in Catalysis
1.3.4 Reaction Medium for Green Catalysis
1.4 Environmental Impact of Catalytic Reactions
1.4.1 Impact of Traditional Catalytic Reactions
1.4.2 Environmental Benefits of Green Catalytic Reactions
1.4.3 Role of Reaction Medium in Reducing Environmental Impact
1.5 Experimental Section
1.5.1 Materials and Methodology
1.5.1.1 Materials
1.5.1.2 Methodology
1.5.2 Preparation of the Reaction Medium
1.5.3 Reaction Conditions
1.5.4 Analytical Techniques
1.6 Results and Discussion
1.6.1 Catalyst Characterization
1.6.2 Catalytic Activity and Efficiency
1.6.3 Atom Utilization Efficiency
1.6.4 Reaction Mechanism
1.6.5 Comparison with Traditional Catalytic Reactions
1.7 Summary and Outlook
1.7.1 Summary
1.7.2 Outlook
References
2. Green Catalysis for Chemical Transformation: Need for the Sustainable Development
Dripta De Joarder, Rajarshi Sarkar and Dilip K. Maiti
2.1 Introduction
2.2 Conclusion
References
3. Green Avenues in Controlled Radical Polymerization for Precision Synthesis
of Macromolecules
Pratibha Sharma and Amit Kumar
3.1 Introduction
3.2 Green Advances in Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization Technique
3.3 Green Advances in Reversible Addition Fragmentation Chain Transfer Polymerization Technique
3.4 Green Advances in Nitroxide-Mediated Polymerization Technique
3.5 Conclusions and Future Perspective
References
4. Catalytic Synthesis and Application of Heterocyclic and Heteroatom
Compounds: Recent Advances
Nayeem Ahmed, Zeba N. Siddiqui, Waqas A. Khan and Hinna Hamid
4.1 Introduction
4.1.1 Rhodium- and Silver-Catalyzed C-H Amidation
4.1.2 C–H Bond Activation/[4 + 2] Annulation Catalyzed by Rh(III)
4.1.3 Enantioselective Copper-Catalyzed Hydroalkylation
4.1.4 Multicomponent Copper-Catalyzed Synthesis of Quinoline Ring System
4.1.5 Iridium-Catalyzed Enantioselective Synthesis of Vabicaserin
4.1.6 Catalytic C-H Bond Functionalization
4.1.7 C–H Bond Activation of Heterocycles by Photoredox Pathway
4.1.8 Cu-Catalyzed Synthesis of Indole-Fused Oxazinone-1,2,3-Triazoles
4.1.9 3-Isothiocyanato Oxindoles as Substrates for Catalytic Asymmetric Synthesis of Spiroindoles
4.1.10 Palladium-Catalyzed Synthesis of Chiral Fused Spirooxindoles
4.1.11 Co(III)-Catalyzed Synthesis of 2,3-Disubstituted N-Alkyl Indoles
4.1.12 Co(III)-Catalyzed Synthesis of 2-Indolyl Propenols via C-H Bond Functionalization
4.2 Conclusion
References
5. The Novel Trends in Asymmetric Catalysis: Green and Sustainable Catalysts
Surya Prakash Verma, Devashish Singh and Poonam Rajesh Prasad
5.1 Introduction
5.1.1 Correlation Between Enzymatic Catalysis and the Green Chemistry Principle
5.2 Role of Green Synthesis and Catalyst
5.3 Asymmetric Hydrogenation Catalyzed by Transition Metals
5.3.1 The Asymmetric Hydrogenations are Caused by Cobalt
5.4 Asymmetric Cross-Couplings Catalyzed by TM
5.4.1 Asymmetrical Cross-Couplings for Profen Derivative Products Under Pd Catalysis
5.4.2 Asymmetrical Cross-Couplings for Profen Derivative Products Under Fe Catalysis
5.4.3 Asymmetrical Cross-Couplings for Profen Derivative Products Under Co-Catalysis
5.4.4 Asymmetrical Cross-Couplings for Profen Derivative Products Under Ni Catalysis
5.4.5 Asymmetrical Cross-Couplings for Profen Derivative Products Under Cu-Catalysis
5.5 Approaches to Profens Through Organocatalysis
5.6 Conclusions
Acknowledgments
References
6. Application of Nanocatalysts in Greener Synthesis of Chemical Compounds
Karan Chaudhary and Dhanraj T. Masram
6.1 Introduction
6.2 Green Strategies
6.2.1 Synthesis of Green Nanocatalysts
6.2.2 Greener Reaction Condition
6.3 Nanocatalysts for Green Synthesis of Organic Compounds
6.4 Conclusion
References
7. Heterogeneous Photocatalysis: Recent Advances and Applications
Sher Mohd and Amjad Mumtaz Khan
7.1 Introduction
7.2 Fundamental Principles of Photocatalysis
7.2.1 Bandgap Engineering
7.2.2 Charge Carrier Generation and Separation
7.2.3 Role of Photocatalytic Materials
7.3 Photocatalytic Mechanisms
7.3.1 Light Absorption and Electron–Hole Pair Generation
7.3.2 Charge Carrier Separation and Redox Reactions on the Photocatalyst Surface
7.3.3 Reactive Oxygen Species Generation
7.3.4 Langmuir–Hinshelwood and Surface Defect Engineering Mechanism
7.4 Factors Affecting Photocatalytic Efficiency
7.5 Recent Advances in Heterogeneous Photocatalysts
7.5.1 Metal–Organic Frameworks
7.5.2 Perovskites
7.5.3 Plasmonic Photocatalysts
7.6 Applications of Heterogeneous Photocatalysis
7.6.1 Water Splitting
7.6.2 CO2 Reduction
7.6.3 Pollutant Degradation
7.6.4 Organic Synthesis
7.7 Recent Advances in Enhancing Photocatalytic Performance
7.7.1 Cocatalyst Engineering for Charge Carrier Management
7.7.2 In Situ Photocatalyst Modification and Activation
7.7.3 Surface Defect Engineering and Co-Doping
7.7.4 Advanced Characterization Techniques in Photocatalysis
7.8 Prospects and Pioneering Challenges in Heterogeneous Photocatalysis
7.8.1 Future Directions
7.8.2 Challenges
7.9 Conclusion
References
8. Role of Biocatalysis-Biotransformations in Sustainable Chemistry
Devashish Singh, Surya Prakash Verma and Poonam Rajesh Prasad
8.1 Introduction
8.2 Principle of Biocatalysis
8.3 Recent Development in Biocatalysis
8.4 Future in Biocatalysis
8.5 Conclusion
Acknowledgments
References
9. Synthesis and Functionalization of Natural Products with Light-Driven Reactions
Kanchanbala Sahoo, Gitanjali Mishra and Barla Thirupathi
9.1 Introduction
9.2 Visible Light-Driven Total Synthesis of Natural Products
9.2.1 Total Synthesis of (–)–Actinophyllic Acid
9.2.2 Total Synthesis of (±)–Aglacin B/C
9.2.3 Total Synthesis of (1R, 3S)-Albucidin
9.2.4 Total Synthesis of (–)–Aspergillide A
9.2.5 Total Synthesis of (–)–Batrachotoxin
9.2.6 Total Synthesis of (–)–Burshernin
9.2.7 Total Synthesis of (±)–Cannabiorcicyclolic Acid
9.2.8 Total Synthesis of (+)–Cephalosporolides E and F
9.2.9 Total Synthesis of (±)–Cermizine
9.2.10 Total Synthesis of (–)–Chromodorolide B
9.2.11 Total Synthesis of (–)–Coerulescine
9.2.12 Total Synthesis of (±)–Crispine A
9.2.13 Total Synthesis of (±)–Danshenspiroketallactones
9.2.14 Total Synthesis of Daurioxoisoporphine C
9.2.15 Total Synthesis of Drimentine F
9.2.16 Total Synthesis of (±)–Epiraikovenal
9.2.17 Total Synthesis of (+)–Flavisiamine F
9.2.18 Total Synthesis of (–)–Flustraminol
9.2.19 Total Synthesis of (+)–GB22
9.2.20 Total Synthesis of (+)–Gliocladin C
9.2.21 Total Synthesis of Hamigeran B
9.2.22 Total Synthesis of (±)–Heitziamide A
9.2.23 Total Synthesis of (±)–Hongoquercin A
9.2.24 Total Synthesis of Indotertine A
9.2.25 Total Synthesis of (–)–Kadsulignan E
9.2.26 Total Synthesis of (±)–Leptosperol B
9.2.27 Total Synthesis of (–)–Macfarlarndin C
9.2.28 Total Synthesis of (+)–Monomorine I
9.2.29 Total Synthesis of (±)–Norruspoline
9.2.30 Total Synthesis of (±)–Oxycodone
9.2.31 Total Synthesis of (–)–Pavidolide B
9.2.32 Total Synthesis of (±)–Pellucidin A
9.2.33 Total Synthesis of Pentachloropseudilin
9.2.34 Total Synthesis of (–)–Polyoxamic Acid
9.2.35 Total Synthesis of (±)–Protolichesterinic Acid
9.2.36 Total Synthesis of (–)–Pseudotabersonine
9.2.37 Total Synthesis of (±)–Sceptrin
9.2.38 Total Synthesis of Tjipanazoles B and D
9.2.39 Total Synthesis of (±)–Tylophorine
9.2.40 Total Synthesis of (–)–Vincorine
9.2.41 Total Synthesis of (+)–Zephycarinatine D
9.3 Visible Light-Driven Functionalization of Natural Products
9.3.1 Functionalization of Aminoestrone
9.3.2 Functionalization of Caffeine
9.3.3 Functionalization of Cedrol
9.3.4 Functionalization of Methylvanillin
9.3.5 Functionalization of Steviol to (–)–Isoatisiane (247)
9.3.6 Functionalization of Tocopherol
9.3.7 Functionalization of Tyropotophan
9.4 Conclusion
Acknowledgements
References
10. Metrics of Green Chemistry and Sustainability
Ramuel John I. Tamargo, Hannah Shamina O. Cosiñero, Don Nelson C. Potato and Apraile Hope P. Dumrigue
10.1 Green Metrics
10.1.1 Mass-Based Metrics
10.1.1.1 Percentage Yield
10.1.1.2 Atom Economy
10.1.1.3 Environmental Factor
10.1.1.4 Effective Mass Yield
10.1.1.5 Reaction Mass Efficiency
10.1.1.6 Mass Intensity and Process Mass Intensity
10.1.1.7 Mass Productivity
10.1.1.8 Carbon Efficiency
10.1.2 Impact-Based Metrics
10.1.2.1 The Eco-Scale
10.1.2.2 Toxicological Hazard Metrics
10.1.2.3 Global Hazard Metrics
10.1.2.4 Eco-Footprint
10.1.2.5 Summary of Impact-Based Metrics
10.2 Tools and Applications of Green Metrics
10.2.1 Green Metrics Applied in Analytical Chemistry
10.2.1.1 National Environmental Methods Index
10.2.1.2 Green Analytical Procedure Index
10.2.1.3 Analytical GREEnness
10.2.1.4 Analytical Eco-Scale
10.2.2 Green Metrics in Pharmaceutical Development
10.2.2.1 Green Solvent Selection Tool
10.2.2.2 Green Chemistry Innovation Scorecard Calculator or Innovation Green Aspiration Level
10.2.2.3 Process Mass Intensity-Environmental Life Cycle Assessment Tool
10.2.2.4 Biopharma Process Mass Intensity Tool
10.2.3 Green Metrics Applied to Organic Synthesis
10.3 Life Cycle Assessment
10.4 Conclusions
References
11. Biocatalysis and Biobased Economy
Gyanendra Kumar, Nitanshu Dhama, Rohit Yadav and Dhanraj T. Masram
11.1 Introduction of Biocatalysis and Biobased Economy
11.2 Carbon-Based Biocomposites
11.2.1 Carbon Fibers
11.2.2 Biocompatible Matrix
11.3 Waste Biomass
11.4 Enzymes as Catalytically Active
11.5 Immobilization of Enzymes in Biocatalysts
11.6 Biopolymer
11.7 Catalytic Applications in Biocatalysts
11.7.1 Use of Enzymes to Synthesize Chiral Compounds
11.7.2 Use of Enzymes to Catalyze Reactions Under Mild Conditions
11.8 Computational Approaches in Biocatalyst
11.9 Conclusion and Future Prospects
References
12. Chemistry and Technology Innovation to Advance Green and Sustainable Chemistry
Prabitha Prabhakaran, Sakshi Bhardwaj, Bhawna Chopra, Ashwani K. Dhingra and Madhur Kant
12.1 Introduction
12.2 Computational Chemistry Methods in Green and Sustainable Drug Design and Development
12.2.1 High-Throughput Virtual Screening
12.2.2 Molecular Docking
12.2.3 Molecular Dynamics and Simulation
12.2.4 Quantitative Structure–Activity Relationship
12.3 Green Chemistry Principles in Computational Drug Design
12.3.1 Use of Nontoxic Solvents
12.3.2 Atom Economy
12.3.3 Reduction in Waste
12.3.4 Renewable Resources
12.3.5 Biodegradability
12.3.6 Energy Efficiency
12.3.7 Toxicity Prediction
12.3.8 Catalysts and Biocatalysts
12.4 Case Studies in Green and Sustainable Drug Design Using Computational Approaches
12.4.1 Green Synthesis of Artemisinin-Based Antimalarial Drugs
12.4.2 Design of Green Inhibitors for Cancer Treatment
12.4.3 Discovery of Green Peptidomimetic Drugs
12.5 Technology Innovations in Computational Green and Sustainable Drug Design
12.6 Challenges and Limitations in Computational Green and Sustainable Drug Design
12.7 Future Directions and Conclusion
References
13. Green Chemistry: The Emergence of a Transformative Framework
Priyanka Chaudhary, Rapelly Venkatesh and Reena Singh
13.1 Introduction
13.2 Synthetic Routes with Catalysts in Stoichiometric Amounts with the Higher Selectivity of the Chemistry Showcasing Its Advancement
13.3 Solvent-Free Syntheses or Alternative Environmental Benign Solvents
13.3.1 Metal-Free, Acid-Free, and Solvent-Free Reaction
13.3.2 Catalyst-Free, Additive-Free, and Solvent-Free Reaction
13.4 Overcoming the Conventional Methods by Switching to Microwave, Ball Milling, and Photochemical Synthesis
13.4.1 Microwave-Accelerated Reactions
13.4.1.1 Synthesis of Benzo[f][1,4]oxazepine-2H-Chromene and 1,2-Dihydroquinoline-Fused Polycyclic Nitrogen Heterocycles
13.4.1.2 Ball Milling Approach
13.4.1.3 Photochemical Green Approach
13.5 Preventing the Usage of Toxic Chemicals, Use of Alternative Chemicals
13.5.1 Thiourea Dioxide Mediated Reduction of N-Nitroso Functionality
Conclusion
References
14. Sustainable Therapeutic Approaches with Nanophotocatalyst
Rajarshi Sarkar, Dripta De Joarder and Dilip K. Maiti
14.1 Introduction
14.2 Cancer Therapeutics
14.3 Photocatalysis and Drug Delivery
14.4 Challenges and Perspectives
14.5 Conclusion
References
15. Chemistry for Catalytic Conversion of Biomass/Waste Into Green Fuels
Poulami Hota and Dilip K. Maiti
15.1 Introduction
15.2 Lignocellulosic Biomass
15.2.1 Cellulose
15.2.2 Hemicellulose
15.2.3 Lignin
15.3 Conventional Approach for the Generation of Liquid Fuels From Lignocellulosic Biomass
15.3.1 Gasification
15.3.2 Pyrolysis
15.3.3 Liquefaction
15.3.4 Hydrolysis
15.3.5 Aqueous-Phase Reforming and Derivative Technologies
15.4 Selective Transformations of Platform Chemicals
15.4.1 Furfural and Hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF)
15.4.2 Levulinic Acid
15.4.3 γ-valerolactone
15.5 Conclusions and Future Perspectives
References
16. Detoxification of Industrial Wastewater by Catalytic (Photo/Bio/Nano) Techniques
Mohd Ehtesham, Naushad Ansari, Gyanendra Kumar, Satendra Kumar, Panmei Gaijon, Sudipta Ghosh, M. Ramananda Singh and Arun Kant
Abbreviations
16.1 Introduction
16.2 Detoxification of Wastewater
16.2.1 Detoxification of Wastewater by Photocatalysis
16.2.2 Detoxification of Wastewater by Biogenic Nanoparticles
16.2.3 Detoxification of Wastewater by Nanocatalysis
16.3 Miscellaneous Types of Adsorbent
16.4 Adsorption Isotherm and Its Kinetics
16.5 Significance of Adsorption Technique for Remediation of Hazardous Effluents
16.6 Future Prospects of Detoxification of Wastewater Through Catalysis
16.7 Conclusion
References
17. New Trends in Asymmetric Catalysis: Chiral Hypervalent Iodine Compounds
as Green and Sustainable Catalysts
Vikas Yadav, Rohit Kumar, Amrit Gond, Ashvani Yadav, Mitushree Ghosh, Ram Singh Kuri and Virendra Prasad
17.1 Introduction
17.2 Role of Hypervalent Iodines in Asymmetric Synthetic Approach
17.2.1 Historical Aspects
17.2.2 Strategies for Stereoselectivity Control
17.2.3 Review of Catalysts
17.3 Synthesis and Reactivity
17.3.1 Oxidations of Sulfides via Asymmetric Catalysis
17.3.2 Reactions of Arylation and Alkynylation
17.3.2.1 Reactions of Arylation
17.3.2.2 Reactions of Alkynylation
17.3.2.3 Preparation of Chiral Alkenyl Hypervalent Iodine
17.3.3 Carbonyl Compound Reactions of α-Functionalization
17.3.4 Reaction of Dearomatization
17.3.5 Functionalization of Alkene
17.3.5.1 Intermolecular Functionalization of Alkenes
17.3.5.2 Intramolecular Functionalization of Alkenes
17.3.6 Rearrangements
17.3.7 Total Synthesis Using Chiral Hypervalent Iodines
17.4 Conclusion
References
18. High-Turnover Palladium Catalysts: Accelerating C-H Activation for Sustainable Green Catalysis
Biswajit Panda
18.1 Introduction
18.2 High-TON Pd Catalysis for C-H Arylation of Arenes
18.3 Palladium-Catalyzed Activation of Csp3-H Bonds
18.4 Palladium-Catalyzed Cross-Dehydrogenative Coupling
18.5 Oxidative Alkynylation Reactions
18.6 Tandem C–H and N–H Activation
18.7 Conclusions
References
19. Thin-Film Fabrication Techniques in Dye‑Sensitized Solar Cells for Energy Harvesting
Aman Kumar, Anamika Chaudhari, Sudhanshu Kumar, Suman Kushwaha and Sudip Mandal
19.1 Introduction
19.1.1 Energy Crisis and the World Scenario
19.2 Structure and Operation Principle of DSSCs
19.3 Various Methods for Fabricating Thin Films for DSSCs
19.3.1 Physical and Chemical Deposition Techniques
19.3.1.1 Magnetron Sputtering
19.3.1.2 Laser Ablation or Pulsed Laser Deposition
19.3.1.3 Chemical Bath Deposition
19.3.1.4 Chemical Vapor Deposition
19.3.1.5 Molecular Beam Epitaxy
19.3.1.6 Atomic Layer Deposition
19.3.1.7 Thermal Oxidation
19.3.1.8 Successive Ionic Layer Adsorption and Reaction Method
19.3.2 Colloidal and Ceramic Powder Techniques
19.3.2.1 Immersion/Dip Coating
19.3.2.2 Spin Coating Technique
19.3.2.3 Doctor Blade Technique
19.3.2.4 Solvothermal/Hydrothermal Method
19.3.2.5 Spray Pyrolysis Method
19.3.2.6 Sol-Gel Technique
19.3.2.7 Screen Printing
19.3.2.8 Electrophoretic Deposition
19.3.2.9 Electrochemical Deposition Technique
19.3.3 Flame-Assisted Colloidal Process
19.3.3.1 Electrospray Deposition
19.4 Concluding Remarks
References
Index

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